scholarly journals Is phytoestrogen intake associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer? A systematic review of epidemiological studies based on 17,546 cases

Andrology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zhang ◽  
K. Wang ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
B. Yin ◽  
Y. Song
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Epidemiological Studies

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis on incidence of prostate cancer in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asaad Moradi ◽  
Mohammad Zamani ◽  
Emadoddin Moudi
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Occurrence ◽  
Iranian Populations

Background: Prostate cancer is a global health concern. In Iran, its epidemiology is not precisely recognized. We aimed to evaluate incidence of prostate cancer among Iranian populations. Methods: In this systematic review, we searched the databases PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus and Google Scholar for English studies and the databases Magiran, Scientific information Database, IranMedex and IranDoc for Persian studies, using related keywords. The cross sectional articles published from inception to 31 December 2018 were included. Meta-analysis was conducted on the collected data with STATA software using random effects model. Results: Out of 763 articles initially obtained, 9 articles were finally included after applying the predefined exclusion criteria. Analysis of 9 studies on the incidence of prostate cancer showed a crude rate of 7.1 per 100000 population (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.6-8.6). Also, the pooled age-standardized incidence rate was 8.7 per 100000 (95% CI: 6.7-10.4). Studies performed in the period 2004-2012 had significantly a higher pooled estimate of the crude incidence rate (9.2 per 100000 [95% CI: 7.9-10.4]) compared with those conducted in the period 1996-2003 (4.5 per 100000 [95% CI: 2.8-6.2]). This trend was also observed based on the age-standardized incidence rate (11 per 100000 [95% CI: 9.4-12.5] versus 6.3 per 100000[95% CI: 4-8.5]).Conclusion: Despite low rate of prostate cancer occurrence in Iran, it is recommended that preventive measures be taken against this disease by health policymakers. Also, more epidemiological studies are needed to better find out the pattern of prostate cancer among Iranian populations.

scholarly journals Kaempferol, Myricetin and Fisetin in Prostate and Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3750
Author(s):  
Felice Crocetto ◽  
Erika di Zazzo ◽  
Carlo Buonerba ◽  
Achille Aveta ◽  
Savio Domenico Pandolfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prolonged Latency ◽  
Potential Use

Prostate and bladder cancer represent the two most frequently diagnosed genito-urinary malignancies. Diet has been implicated in both prostate and bladder cancer. Given their prolonged latency and high prevalence rates, both prostate and bladder cancer represent attractive candidates for dietary preventive measures, including the use of nutritional supplements. Flavonols, a class of flavonoids, are commonly found in fruit and vegetables and are known for their protective effect against diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, a higher dietary intake of flavonols was associated with a lower risk of both bladder and prostate cancer in epidemiological studies. In this systematic review, we gathered all available evidence supporting the anti-cancer potential of selected flavonols (kaempferol, fisetin and myricetin) against bladder and prostate cancer. A total of 21, 15 and 7 pre-clinical articles on bladder or prostate cancer reporting on kaempferol, fisetin and myricetin, respectively, were found, while more limited evidence was available from animal models and epidemiological studies or clinical trials. In conclusion, the available evidence supports the potential use of these flavonols in prostate and bladder cancer, with a low expected toxicity, thus providing the rationale for clinical trials that explore dosing, settings for clinical use as well as their use in combination with other pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Genitourinary Cancer

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Kosuke Takemura ◽  
Philip G. Board ◽  
Fumitaka Koga
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Genitourinary Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range

γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), a membrane-bound enzyme, contributes to the metabolism of glutathione (GSH), which plays a critical physiological role in protecting cells against oxidative stress. GGT has been proposed as a biomarker of carcinogenesis and tumor progression given that GGT activity is important during both the promotion and invasion phases in cancer cells. Moreover, GGT expression is reportedly related to drug-resistance possibly because a wide range of drugs are conjugated with GSH, the availability of which is influenced by GGT activity. While serum GGT activity is commonly used as a quick, inexpensive, yet reliable means of assessing liver function, recent epidemiological studies have shown that it may also be an indicator of an increased risk of prostate cancer development. Moreover, elevated serum GGT is reportedly an adverse prognostic predictor in patients with urologic neoplasms, including renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, and urothelial carcinoma, although the background mechanisms have still not been well-characterized. The present review article summarizes the possible role of GGT in cancer cells and focuses on evidence evaluation through a systematic review of the latest literature on the prognostic role of serum GGT in patients with genitourinary cancer.

DNA damage repair gene mutation testing and genetic counseling in men with/without prostate cancer: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Armstrong ◽  
Ruben GW Quek ◽  
Steve Ryder ◽  
Janine Ross ◽  
Titas Buksnys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Mutation Screening ◽  
Dna Damage Repair ◽  
Mutation Testing ◽  
Damage Repair

Background: Ongoing clinical trials are investigating poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to target the DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway in prostate cancer. DDR mutation screening will guide treatment strategy and assess eligibility for clinical trials. Materials & methods: This systematic review estimated the rate of DDR mutation testing or genetic counseling among men with or at risk of prostate cancer. Results: From 6856 records, one study fulfilled the inclusion criteria and described men undiagnosed with prostate cancer with a family history of BRCA1/2 mutation who received DDR mutation testing. Conclusion: With only one study included in this first systematic review of DDR mutation testing or genetic counseling in men with or at risk of prostate cancer, more research is warranted.

scholarly journals What is the risk of prostate cancer mortality following negative systematic TRUS-guided biopsies? A systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e040965
Author(s):  
Sandra Miriam Kawa ◽  
Signe Benzon Larsen ◽  
John Thomas Helgstrand ◽  
Peter Iversen ◽  
Klaus Brasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Prostate Biopsies

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) following initial negative systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) prostate biopsies.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesPubMed and Embase were searched using a string combination with keywords/Medical Subject Headings terms and free text in the search builder. Date of search was 13 April 2020.Study selectionStudies addressing PCSM following initial negative TRUS biopsies. Randomised controlled trials and population-based studies including men with initial negative TRUS biopsies reported in English from 1990 until present were included.Data extractionData extraction was done using a predefined form by two authors independently and compared with confirm data; risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cohort studies when applicable.ResultsFour eligible studies were identified. Outcomes were reported differently in the studies as both cumulative incidence and Kaplan-Meier estimates have been used. Regardless of the study differences, all studies reported low estimated incidence of PCSM of 1.8%–5.2% in men with negative TRUS biopsies during the following 10–20 years. Main limitation in all studies was limited follow-up.ConclusionOnly a few studies have investigated the risk of PCSM following initial negative biopsies and all studies included patients before the era of MRI of the prostate. However, the studies point to the fact that the risk of PCSM is low following initial negative TRUS biopsies, and that the level of prostate-specific antigen before biopsies holds prognostic information. This may be considered when advising patients about the need for further diagnostic evaluation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019134548.

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