Novel Micro-Scale Steel-Making from Molten Cast Iron Practised in Medieval Nomadic Communities of East Mongolia

Archaeometry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-S. Park ◽  
W. Honeychurch ◽  
A. Chunag
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Nomadic Communities ◽  
Molten Cast Iron

Hot gun repairs of molten cast iron transfer ladles

Metallurgist ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
A. M. Semenov ◽  
P. I. Andronov ◽  
N. M. Korolev
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Iron Transfer ◽  
Molten Cast Iron

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the In-Ladle Treatment Techniques for Nodulizing the Iron’s Graphite

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-509
Author(s):  
Imre Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Ladle Treatment ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Molten Cast Iron ◽  
Flow Through

The objectives of this research is to study and understand the nodulizing of ductile iron using in-ladle treatment process. Among the more common nodulizing agents is magnesium (Mg) which is conventionally added to the cast iron by combining suitable alloys of one or both of these elements with molten cast iron. Depending on the characteristics of each master alloy used as nodulizer, different treatment methods and techniques are used, among these, the most widely used being in-ladle, in-mould, and flow-through, the first being the most used. This research deals with the parameters, that affect the quality of ductile iron produced using in-ladle treatment process. The parameters involved are the percentage of magnesium–ferrosilicon (Fe–Si–Mg) used and the nodulizing technique. In-ladle treatment used consists of a deep pocket into the bottom of ladle, in which magnesium–ferrosilicon is placed into it together with a steel scrap barrier (steel sheets) or calcium carbide. This study, take into account, the degree of assimilation of magnesium, which shows the performance of the chosen process, depending on the nodulizer used and the temperature of the treatment.

scholarly journals The Formation of Gaseous Atmosphere in a Molten Cast Iron/Moulding Sand Contact System

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mocek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Molten Iron ◽  
Gaseous Atmosphere ◽  
Furan Resin ◽  
Molten Cast Iron ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Moulding Sand ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract Drops of molten cast iron were placed on moulding sand substrates. The composition of the forming gaseous atmosphere was examined. It was found that as a result of the cast iron contact with water vapour released from the sand, a significant amount of hydrogen was evolved. In all the examined moulding sands, including sands without carbon, a large amount of CO was formed. The source of carbon monoxide was carbon present in cast iron. In the case of bentonite moulding sand with seacoal and sand bonded with furan resin, in the composition of the gases, the trace amounts of hydrocarbons, i.e. benzene, toluene, styrene and naphthalene (BTX), appeared. As the formed studies indicate much higher content of BTX at lower temperature it was concluded that the hydrocarbons are unstable in contact with molten iron.

scholarly journals Production of Mn–Fe Alloy from Slag Generated in Mn-removal Treatment of Molten Cast Iron

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1673-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahito Takagawa ◽  
Shigeru Ueda ◽  
Hiroyuki Ike ◽  
Kouji Iwashimizu ◽  
Ryo Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Molten Cast Iron

Effect of Strontium Addition in Graphite Morphology and Nodularization of Hypoeutectic Cast Iron

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 454-459
Author(s):  
Rahmadi ◽  
Deni Ferdian
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Data Processing Software ◽  
Graphite Morphology ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
Molten Cast Iron ◽  
Nodular Graphite

Nodular graphite cast iron or known as spheroidal graphite cast iron structurally has a spherical graphite morphology with a matrix consisting of a ferrite-pearlite phase. In general, cast iron has a main alloy consisting of carbon and silicon where both elements have an influence on the potential of graphitization and castability. In this work, the influence of strontium (Sr) added to molten cast iron with a composition of 0, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 wt% to graphite morphology were studied. The sample obtained will be carried out a characterization process by observing macro and microstructures using optical microscope equipped with image data processing software that displays graphite fraction, size, form and nodularity. Analysis showed that Sr addition increase in nodularization of graphite from 19.6 % to 31.5% at 0.08 wt% Sr addition.

scholarly journals III. On the alleged expansion in volume of various substances in passing by refrigeration from the state of liquid fusion to that of solidification

1874 ◽  
Vol 22 (148-155) ◽  
pp. 366-368
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Wrought Iron ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Molten Cast Iron

Since the time of Réaumur it has been stated, with very various degrees of evidence, that certain metals expand in volume at or near their points of consolidation from fusion. Bismuth, cast iron, antimony, silver, copper, and gold are amongst the number, and to these have recently been added certain iron furnace-slags. Considerable physical interest attaches to this subject from the analogy of the alleged facts to the well-known one that water expands between 39°F. and 32°, at which it becomes ice; and a more extended interest has been given to it quite recently by Messrs. Nasmyth and Carpenter having made the supposed facts, more especially those relative to cast iron and to slags, the foundation of their peculiar theory of lunar volcanic action as developed in their work, ‘The Moon as a Planet, as a World, and a Satellite’ (4 to, London, 1874). There is considerable ground for believing that bismuth does expand in volume at or near consolidation; but with respect to all the other substances supposed to do likewise, it is the object of this paper to show that the evidence is insufficient, and that with respect to cast iron and to the basic silicates constituting iron slags, the allegation of their expansion in volume, and therefore that their density when molten is greater than when solid, is wholly erroneous. The determination of the specific gravity, in the liquid state, of a body having so high a fusing temperature as cast iron is attended with many difficulties. By an indirect method, however, and operating upon a sufficiently large scale, the author has been enabled to make the determination with considerable accuracy. A conical vessel of wrought iron of about 2 feet in depth and 1·5 foot diameter of base, and with an open neck of 6 inches in diameter, being formed, was accurately weighed empty, and also when filled with water level to the. brim; the weight of its contents in water, reduced to the specific gravity of distilled water at 60°F., was thus obtained. The vessel being dried was now filled to the brim with molten grey cast iron, additions of molten metal being made to maintain the vessel full until it had attained its maximum temperature (yellow heat in daylight) and maximum capacity. The vessel and its content of cast iron when cold were weighed again, and thus the weight of the cast iron obtained. The capacity of the vessel when at a maximum was calculated by applying to its dimensions at 60° the expansion calculated from the coefficient of linear dilatation, as given by Laplace, Riemann, and others, and from its range of increased temperature; and the weight of distilled water held by the vessel thus expanded was calculated from the weight of its contents when the vessel and water were at 60°F. We have now, after applying some small corrections, the elements necessary for determining the specific gravity of the cast iron which filled the vessel when in the molten state, having the absolute weights of equal volumes of distilled water at 60° and of molten iron. The mean specific gravity of the cast iron which filled the vessel was then determined by the usual methods. The final result is that, whereas the specific gravity of the cast iron at 60°F. was 7·170, it was only 6·650 when in the molten condition; cast iron, therefore, is less dense in the molten than in the solid state. Nor does it expand in volume at the instant of consolidation, as was conclusively proved by another experiment. Two similar 10-inch spherical shells, 1·5 inch in thickness, were heated to nearly the same high temperature in an oven, one being permitted to cool empty as a measure of any permanent dilatation which both might sustain by mere heating and cooling again, a fact well known to occur. The other shell, when at a bright red heat, was filled with molten cast iron and permitted to cool, its dimensions being taken by accurate instruments at intervals of 30 minutes, until it had returned to the temperature of the atmosphere (53°F.), when, after applying various corrections, rendered necessary by the somewhat complicated conditions of a spherical mass of cast iron losing heat from its exterior, it was found that the dimensions of the shell, whose interior surface was in perfect contact with that of the solid ball which filled it, were, within the limit of experimental error, those of the empty shell when that also was cold (53°F.), the proof being conclusive that no expansion in volume of the contents of the shell had taken place. The central portion was much less dense than the exterior, the opposite of what must have occurred had expansion in volume on cooling taken place.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Nodularisation Propensity of Calcined Cashew-Nut Shell-Ash in Cast-Iron Melt Graphite

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O.I. Sekunowo ◽  
J.O. Ugboaja ◽  
J.A. Tiamiyu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Melt Treatment ◽  
Master Alloys ◽  
Molten Cast Iron ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

Production of ductile iron using ferrosilicon-magnesium master alloy in melt treatment is currently fraught with challenges bothering on cost and availability. In this study the suitability of cashew nut shells ash (CNSA) as a viable alternative to magnesium master alloys employed in the treatment of molten cast iron for enhanced mechanical properties was studied. The carbonized CNSA used varied from 2-10 wt. % to treat different heat batches; CA1-CA5 containing varied amount of CNSA, CaO and FeSi in the molten cast iron. The cast samples were subjected to both mechanical characterisation (tensile, hardness and impact) and microstructural analysis using Instron electromechanical machine, impact tester and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS). Results show that the 8 wt. % CNSA addition demonstrated the best mechanical properties comparable to ASTM A536 ferritic ductile cast iron. Specifically, the 8 wt. % CNSA cast samples exhibited 433 MPa tensile strength, 144HRC hardness and ductility of 14.7%. Contributions to improved mechanical properties may be attributed to the development of sufficient fractions of graphite nodules during melt treatment with CNSA. These outcomes are a boost both to the production of quality ductile irons and a cleaner environment. Keywords: Nodularisation, ductile-iron, cashew-nut, ferrosilicon-magnesium alloy, mechanical properties

scholarly journals Interface Formation Mechanism of Cemented Carbide Dipped in Molten Cast Iron

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1562-1568
Author(s):  
Akihiro Shibata ◽  
Mamoru Takemura ◽  
Mitsuaki Matsumuro ◽  
Tadashi Kitsudo
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Interface Formation ◽  
Molten Cast Iron
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