Dietary astaxanthin improved the body pigmentation and antioxidant function, but not the growth of discus fish (Symphysodon spp.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1359-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuelu Song ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xiaoqin Li ◽  
Zaizhong Chen ◽  
Gaoyang Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Function ◽  
Body Pigmentation

scholarly journals Early Weaning Affects Liver Antioxidant Function in Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2679
Author(s):  
Lihuai Yu ◽  
Hongmin Li ◽  
Zhong Peng ◽  
Yuzhu Ge ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Large White ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Function ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of early weaning on antioxidant function in piglets. A total of 40 Duroc × Landrace × Large White, 21-day-old piglets (half male and half female) were divided into suckling groups (SG) and weaning groups (WG). Piglets in WG were weaned at the 21st day, while the piglets in SG continued to get breastfed. Eight piglets from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered at 24th-day (SG3, WG3) and 28th-day old (SG7, WG7). The body weight, liver index, hepatocyte morphology, antioxidant enzymes activity, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, and Nrf2 signaling in the liver of piglets were measured. The results showed that weaning caused decreased body weight (p < 0.01), lower liver weight (p < 0.01), and decreased the liver organ index (p < 0.05) of piglets. The area and size of hepatocytes in the WG group was smaller than that in the SG group (p < 0.05). We also observed that weaning reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05) in the liver of piglets. Relative to the SG3 group, the gene expression of GSH-Px in liver of WG3 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The gene expression of Nrf2 in the SG3 group was higher than that in the WG3 group (p < 0.01). The gene expression of NQO1 in the SG7 group was higher than that in the WG7 group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, weaning resulted in lower weight, slowed liver development, and reduced antioxidant enzymes activity, thereby impairing liver antioxidant function and suppressing piglet growth.

scholarly journals N-Acetyl-Cysteine supplementation lowers high homocysteine plasma levels and increases Glutathione synthesis in the trans-sulfuration pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
Federico Cacciapuoti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Active Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glutamate Cysteine Ligase ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Transsulfuration Pathway ◽  
Antioxidant Function ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine ◽  
Rate Limiting

Glutathione (GSH), a compound derived of a combination of three amino acids – cysteine, glycine and glutamine – is the final product of homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism  in the transsulfuration pathway. The major determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of cysteine and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). A deficiency in  transsulfuration pathway leads to excessive Hcy production (HHcy) and reduced GSH synthesis. This tripeptide, that exists in the reduced or active  form (GSH) and oxidized variant (GSH), is the main antioxidant of the  body.  Independently of its antioxidant function, the compound  has an anti-inflammatory role too, reducing the production of interleukines and the expression of TNF-alfa and iNOS synthase. A dysregulation of GSH synthesis is recognized as contributing factor to the pathogenesis of many pathological conditions. But, the insufficiency of the transsulfuration pathway is also responsible of HHcy. Besides, this condition  decreases the activity of cellular “gluthatione peroxidase”, an intracellular antioxidant enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide to water with the prevalence of GSSH on GSH. The consequent GSH/GSSH impaired ratio also causes some common cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. In both occurrences, N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) supplementation supplies the cysteine necessary for GSH synthesis and contemporarily reduces HHcy, improving  the GPx1 activity and further reducing oxidative stress.

scholarly journals A macroscopic classification of the embryonic development of the one-sided livebearer Jenynsia multidentata (Teleostei: Anablepidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia C. López-Rodríguez ◽  
Cíntia M. de Barros ◽  
Ana Cristina Petry
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Macroscopic Classification ◽  
Body Pigmentation ◽  
The One ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Jenynsia Multidentata

ABSTRACT This study proposes eight stages according to the main discernible changes recorded throughout the embryonic development of Jenynsia multidentata. The development of morphological embryo structures, pigmentation, and changes in tissues connecting mother and embryo were included in the stage characterization. From the fertilized egg (Stage 1), an embryo reaches the intermediary stages when presenting yolk syncytial layer (Stage 2), initial pigmentation of the outer layers of the retina and dorsal region of the head (Stage 3), and the sprouting of the caudal (Stage 4), dorsal and anal fins (Stage 5). During the later stages, the ovarian folds enter the gills, and the body pigmentation becomes more intense (Stage 6), the body becomes elongated (Stage 7), and there is a greater intensity in body pigmentation and increased muscle mass (Stage 8). The dry weight of the batches varied between 0.6 ± 0.3 mg (Stage 3) to 54.6 ± 19.7 mg (Stage 8), but the dry weight of the maternal-embryonic connecting tissues remained almost constant. After controlling the effect of those reproductive tissues, the gain in dry weight of the batches throughout development increased exponentially from Stage 6, reflecting the increase in size and weight of the embryos due to matrotrophy.

scholarly journals Occurrence of tayras (Eira barbara Linnaeus, 1758) with anomalous coloration in Cerrado remnants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitória M. Scrich ◽  
Marcella C. Pônzio ◽  
Nielson Pasqualotto ◽  
Thiago F. Rodrigues ◽  
Roberta M. Paolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camera Trap ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Neotropical Mammals ◽  
Body Pigmentation ◽  
Eira Barbara

Abstract: Coloration anomalies are mainly genetically-based disorders in which body pigmentation is either reduced (hypopigmentation) or produced in excess (melanism), in parts or the totality of the body. Cases of hypopigmentation have been documented in many neotropical mammals, including the tayra (Eira barbara Linnaeus, 1758). We expand the account of anomalous coloration occurrence presenting new registers of hypopigmented tayras in Brazil. Data was collected during a mammal survey carried out in three agricultural landscapes within the Cerrado domain in the northeast of the state of São Paulo. We obtained two kinds of records of hypopigmented tayras, one from direct sighting and the other from a camera-trap. We discuss the likely implications of this conspicuous coloration to tayras and highlight some possibilities of study.

First record of colour abnormalities in the bocon toadfish Amphichthys cryptocentrus (Valenciennes 1837) (Teleostei: Batrachoididae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio L.S. Sampaio ◽  
José De Anchieta C.C. Nunes ◽  
Raphael M. Macieira ◽  
José Amorim Reis-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Dark Background ◽  
Body Pigmentation ◽  
Associated Species

The batrachoididAmphichthys cryptocentrusis an estuarine reef-associated species, characterized by a body of a uniformly dark background colour and head greatly depressed. We report colour abnormalities for this species, based on two specimens collected in the south-western Atlantic. Additionally, morphometric data and information about the species’ feeding habits and reproduction are provided. One specimen (most of the body was non-pigmented) exhibited small dark spots over a uniformly white body, but eyes were normally pigmented. Another specimen (totally non-pigmented) was oculocutaneous albino, lacked body pigmentation and eyes were pink-reddish translucent. Potential effects of these colour abnormalities on their ecology and behaviours are discussed.

The effect of two carotenoid sources, background colour and light spectrum on the body pigmentation of the clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Díaz‐Jiménez ◽  
Martha Patricia Hernández‐Vergara ◽  
Carlos Iván Pérez‐Rostro ◽  
Miguel Ángel Olvera‐Novoa
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Body Pigmentation

The effect of background colour and lighting of the aquarium on the body pigmentation of the peppered shrimp Lysmata wurdemanni

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 3508-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Díaz-Jiménez ◽  
Martha Patricia Hernández-Vergara ◽  
Carlos Iván Pérez-Rostro
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Body Pigmentation ◽  
Lysmata Wurdemanni

Representing utility and deploying the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Spurrett
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
The Many

Abstract Comprehensive accounts of resource-rational attempts to maximise utility shouldn't ignore the demands of constructing utility representations. This can be onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities. Another thing best not ignored is the processing demands of making functional activity out of the many degrees of freedom of a body. The target article is almost silent on both.

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