scholarly journals Sarcoidal immune reaction following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nessr Abu Rached ◽  
Rita Mansour ◽  
Laura Susok ◽  
Sabrina Fried ◽  
Nasreen Abolmaali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Reaction

Basic Concepts and Definitions of Allergology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Vrucinic
Keyword(s):  
Immune Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Medical Vocabulary ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Basic Insight ◽  
Insight Into

The future of medicine belongs to immunology and alergology. I tried to not be too wide in description, but on the other hand to mention the most important concepts of alergology to make access to these diseases more understandable, logical and more useful for our patients, that without complex pathophysiology and mechanism of immune reaction,we gain some basic insight into immunological principles. The name allergy to medicine was introduced by Pirquet in 1906, and is of Greek origin (allos-other + ergon-act; different reaction), essentially representing the reaction of an organism to a substance that has already been in contact with it, and manifested as a specific response thatmanifests as either a heightened reaction, a hypersensitivity, or as a reduced reaction immunity. Synonyms for hypersensitivity are: altered reactivity, reaction, hypersensitivity. The word sensitization comes from the Latin (sensibilitas, atis, f.), which means sensibility,sensitivity, and has retained that meaning in medical vocabulary, while in immunology and allergology this term implies the creation of hypersensitivity to an antigen. Antigen comes from the Greek words, anti-anti + genos-genus, the opposite, anti-substance substance that causes the body to produce antibodies.

scholarly journals Cell-mediated immune reaction to two gynecologic malignant tumors

Cancer ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Disaia ◽  
Felex N. Rutledge ◽  
Julian P. Smith ◽  
Joseph G. Sinkovics
Keyword(s):  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Malignant Tumors

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 in severe COVID-19 induces a TGF-β-dominated chronic immune response that does not target itself

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Ferreira-Gomes ◽  
Andrey Kruglov ◽  
Pawel Durek ◽  
Frederik Heinrich ◽  
Caroline Tizian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Gene Expression Signature ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Adaptive Immune

AbstractThe pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 reflects an inefficient immune reaction to SARS-CoV-2. Here we analyze, at the single cell level, plasmablasts egressed into the blood to study the dynamics of adaptive immune response in COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care. Before seroconversion in response to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, peripheral plasmablasts display a type 1 interferon-induced gene expression signature; however, following seroconversion, plasmablasts lose this signature, express instead gene signatures induced by IL-21 and TGF-β, and produce mostly IgG1 and IgA1. In the sustained immune reaction from COVID-19 patients, plasmablasts shift to the expression of IgA2, thereby reflecting an instruction by TGF-β. Despite their continued presence in the blood, plasmablasts are not found in the lungs of deceased COVID-19 patients, nor does patient IgA2 binds to the dominant antigens of SARS-CoV-2. Our results thus suggest that, in severe COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 triggers a chronic immune reaction that is instructed by TGF-β, and is distracted from itself.

scholarly journals Human serum activates the tegument of female schistosomes and supports recovery from Praziquantel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Winkelmann ◽  
Marcus Frank ◽  
Anne Rabes ◽  
Nicole Koslowski ◽  
Cindy Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Female Worm ◽  
Male Worm ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gene Expression Analyses ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractSchistosomiasis is one of the most devastating parasitic disease in the world. Schistosoma spp. survive for decades within the vasculature of their human hosts. They have evolved a vast array of mechanisms to avoid the immune reaction of the host. Due to their sexual dimorphism, with the female worm lying within the gynecophoric canal of the male worm, it is the male that is exposed to the immediate environment and the soluble parts of the host’s immune response. To understand how the worms are so successful in fending off the immune attacks of the host, comparative analyses of both worm sexes in human serum (with or without Praziquantel) were performed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Further, gene expression analyses of tegument-specific genes were performed. Following the incubation in human serum, males and females out of pairs show morphological changes such as an altered structure of the pits below the surface and an increased number of pits per area. In addition, female schistosomes presented a marked tuft-like repulsion of their opsonized surface. The observed resistance of females to Praziquantel seemed to depend on active proteins in the human serum. Moreover, different expression profiles of tegument-specific genes indicate different functions of female_single and male_single teguments in response to human serum. Our results indicate that female schistosomes developed different evasion strategies toward the host’s immune system in comparison to males that might lead to more robustness and has to be taken into account for the development of new anti-schistosomal drugs.

scholarly journals Comparison of Efficacy of Two Different Topical 0.05% Cyclosporine A Formulations in the Treatment of Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis-Related Subepithelial Infiltrates

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betül N. Bayraktutar ◽  
Ömür Ö. Uçakhan
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Blurred Vision

Subepithelial infiltrates secondary to adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis may persist for years and cause blurred vision, halos, glare, and photophobia. These infiltrates arise from immune reaction against the virus, and few studies have reported topical cyclosporine A to be effective in the treatment of subepithelial infiltrates. Herein, we describe a patient with adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis-related subepithelial infiltrates who did not respond to treatment with a new topical cyclosporine A emulsion prepared with castor oil (Depores 0.05%; Deva İlaç, Kocaeli, Turkey), while the FDA-approved nanoemulsion formulation provided improvement in symptoms and reduced the inflammatory reaction (Restasis 0.05%; Allergan, Irvine, Calif., USA).

scholarly journals Assessment of Immunological Potential of Glial Restricted Progenitor Graft In Vivo-Is Immunosuppression Mandatory?

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1804
Author(s):  
Urszula Kozlowska ◽  
Aleksandra Klimczak ◽  
Karolina Anna Bednarowicz ◽  
Tomasz Zalewski ◽  
Natalia Rozwadowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Stem Cell Graft ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Loss ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Privileged Site ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease, causing motor neuron and skeletal muscle loss and death. One of the promising therapeutic approaches is stem cell graft application into the brain; however, an immune reaction against it creates serious limitations. This study aimed to research the efficiency of glial restricted progenitors (GRPs) grafted into murine CNS (central nervous system) in healthy models and the SOD1G93A ALS disease model. The cellular grafts were administered in semiallogenic and allogeneic settings. To investigate the models of immune reaction against grafted GRPs, we applied three immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory regimens: preimplantation factor (PiF); Tacrolimus; and CTLA-4, MR1 co-stimulatory blockade. We tracked the cells with bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in vivo to study their survival. The immune response character was evaluated with brain tissue assays and multiplex ELISA in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The application of immunosuppressive drugs is disputable when considering cellular transplants into the immune-privileged site/brain. However, our data revealed that semiallogenic GRP graft might survive inside murine CNS without the necessity to apply any immunomodulation or immunosuppression, whereas, in the situation of allogeneic mouse setting, the combination of CTLA-4, MR1 blockade can be considered as the best immunosuppressive option.

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