Urticaria, Anaphylaxia and Asthma from Contact with Work Air in Farmers and Agronomists Due to Bruchus Pisorum

Background: There are few reports of contact urticaria from the inhalation of allergens from legume pests. Objective: To study the origin of an outbreak of contact urticaria, asthma and anaphylaxis in farmers and agronomists who work handling dried peas. Method: Allergenic extracts composed of Bruchus lentis and B. pisorum, healthy peas, peas treated with aluminum phosphide and parasitized peas were used for in vivo tests (prick-test, oral challenge and bronchoprovocation) in affected patients and in five controls. with a history of atopy from other legumes. In addition, patch testing with live Bruchus pisorum, patch testing with more common insecticides, molecular component analysis, and Ig-E immunodetection were carried out. Results: Positive responses were found for the prick-test and the bronchoprovocation test to extracts of parasitized peas and B. pisorum, but the oral challenge was negative. A common 25 kDa band for infested peas and a 30 kDa band for infested pea and B. pisorum body was detected in all patients. The response for pea allergens was negative for all patients, unlike controls with a history of allergy to lentils and peanuts. Conclusion: It was determined that B. pisorum is a cause of symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity mediated by Ig E by inhalation of the allergen or by puncture of spicules or mushrooms of B. pisorum.

Cross-Resistance in Anti-Tubercular Drugs - A Conundrum in the Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

The problem of DR-TB especially MDR-TB/RR-TB, Pre-XDR TB, and XDR TB is menacing the world in a fearsome manner. The treatment of patients with such complicated forms of TB is fraught with difficulties owing to the toxicity of second-line drugs and decreased efficacy, not to mention poor compliance by patients keeping in view the adverse effects and long duration of treatment. To add to all these strictures in the successful outcome of DR-TB outcomes, the phenomenon of Cross-Resistance amongst anti-tubercular drugs has also to be reckoned with. In this review, we have tried to address this particular aspect which plays one of the key roles in the final treatment outcome of patients with such complicated forms of TB.

Psycho Social Impact of Covid-19 on Saudi Children

Aim: With over 60 million recorded cases, and the death of 2 million the world is indeed struggling with a serious public health threat, coronavirus. Lack of health awareness and directive particularly for children. Health care providers and parents are seriously worried for children as this is an unknown disease with no evidence-based to build up a sound clinical decision. Being restricted to a limited zone and ordered to a tightened precautions and safety roles are gated your psychological burden, multiple neuropsychiatric indices, and psychosocial stigma. School and active life is an essential part of the children's lifetime, while temporary school closures as a result of health crises are not only affecting the educational achievement but most importantly the physical -mental, and social aspects. The home detention for children is indeed upsetting and anticipated to have detrimental crucial effects on children’s physical and mental capacity and shatter the sense of growth normalcy that schools used to provide. The aim is to study the impact of Covid-19 quarantine consequences on psychosocial on Saudi children. Method: A cross-sectional, analytical, comparative study using an anonymous electronic survey to the general population aged 3-15 years was done in which it showed parents-reported changes in the reaction, behaviors, and attitudes of their children related to psychosocial status during the Covid-19 lockdown. Result: The behavior changes were noticed in the isolation, aggressiveness, physical activity, and reaction to learning. Families were noticed an attitude, behavior and psychological signs in almost 52, 58.57% respectively of their children. The family long-term impact expectations are negative in almost 40% of the population. Conclusion: Almost 40-45% of the population showed the abnormal psychosocial impact of the Covid19 Quarantine consequences. The expected long-term impact may reach more than 40%. Estimates incidence in normal circumstances was 2-3% to 22%.

Data Analytics in Dentistry Using R Programming Software

Dental practices collect numerous amounts of clinical and non-clinical data from their patients. Whether that data has been utilized to its full potential is highly questionable. This study used the R programming language on a five-year simulated dental clinical dataset to statistically analyze various possibilities to improve clinical practice and promote awareness among patients. The data set consists of all possible dental treatments which is offered in routine dental practice. The analysis is based on a single dental practice, unlike yearly statistics published by the health authorities over the entire county or country health data, which cannot address unique requirements and challenges associated with every individual practice and community. Descriptive statistical analysis of the dataset is performed through histograms, scattered plots, and test to normality along with correlation analysis with the plot (Pearson/Spearman depend from p.1) and compared variables with multiple regression analysis, forecasting and finally estimated the accuracy using (MAE, MAPE, R_squared ) and k-fold cv.

COVID-19 Vaccination Efficacy and Safety Literature Review

Since the emergency of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that is caused by SARS-Cov-2 in 2019, researchers have been on the move to find solutions to mitigate the spread of the virus. Various control measures have been put in place by governments under guidelines and recommendations of key global agencies with the world health organization (WHO) leading in providing information to help fight the pandemic. Multi-agency research efforts have been geared towards developing vaccines for active immunization to prevent COVID-19 infection. This paper is geared towards providing a detailed review and analysis of developments of the current vaccines in terms of safety and efficacy. Approaches that have been taken by different researchers and their findings are the subject of this work. Based on the mechanism by which a vaccine protects an individual against COVID-19 infection, it has been found that the already rolled out vaccines are mRNA (Pfizer and Moderna) and vector (Astrazeneca) vaccine structured. There is also China's Sinovac vaccine which has been in place for the past few years. The four vaccines reviewed here are administered in two doses some days apart. Currently, no vaccine has a safety threat and the efficacies are 95% for COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer), 94.1% for mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna), 70.4%forChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine / AZD1222 (AstraZeneca) vaccine and 78% for sinovac respectively. Findings of this paper show that other vaccines are awaiting clinical roll out for trials. Even though these efficacies imply that the vaccines offer significant protection against the infection, further research and evaluation should go on to achieve higher efficacies while addressing any safety concerns that may go beyond local and systemic reactions that occur on patients after vaccination. This study concludes that even with the protection of the present vaccines, individuals must continue wearing personal protective equipment (PPEs) such as masks.

Editor Note Volume 3 Issue 1

The articles published in Volume 3, Issue 1 maintain the high standards for peer-reviewed journals. These articles are related to Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Animal Models, COVID-19 vaccines, Dentistry Data Analytics, and the Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 in children. The effort and expertise of these authors contribute to clinical and medical research and is the cornerstone of the scientific process with relevance to peer-review by medical researchers and healthcare professionals. The research questions in these articles are important and appropriate to the journal and adhere to journal standards and to the top 10% of papers published in the medical field.

Development of Animal Models, Presenting Appropriate Analogues to Respective Human Systems

The main idea of the current study was directed to developed appropriate experimental animal models, imitating respective systems with the human origin, and giving a possibility when the last is not available, experiments about necessary applications to humans to be performed. So, an additional copy of oncogene Dcn1 in normal mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), was inserted, by appropriate recombinant DNA-constructs, based on the AAV DNA-genome. All derived genetically-manipulated cellular types were co-cultivated with early myeloid and lymphoid progenitors, derived from non-transfected mESCs in the presence of GM-CSF (for induction of initial stages of both myeloid and lymphoid differentiation), and subsequently, malignant antigens were added (about further phagocyte and plasmatic cell differentiation, respectively). The derived and selected mESCs, containing an additionally-inserted copy of oncogene Dcn1, which indicated preserved normal/non-malignant characteristics both in vitro and in vivo, presented appropriate experimental normal mouse cellular analog of the cited in the scientific literature human embryonic trophoblasts, immortalized by infection with virus SV40. Additionally, the results obtained showed a possibility about the expression of membrane receptor glycoproteins by non-lymphoid and non-myeloid cellular types inappropriate conditions. Also, the presented study demonstrated the importance of the blood-testes barrier (BTB) for the prevention of malignancy development in the experimental hamster Graffi tumor model. The role of bio-molecules, as well as of intra- and extra-cellular inter-molecular interactions in cascade regulatory mechanisms, inactivation of the differentiation of embryonic and adult stem/progenitor cells in normal types, as well as for suppression of malignant transformation, was suggested. The established analogy of the developed and investigated in the current study experimental animal models gives a possibility for their application about performing of specific experiments when the respective systems with human origin are not available.

Milmed Treatment Alleviates Symptoms of Allergy and Improves General Health

The effects of the patented treated-yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a probiotic suspension which was shown earlier to present neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties, upon allergies presented by a group (n=8) of patients, that were compared with a matched group of patients administered untreated yeast cells (n=8). Treated yeast cells were subjected to millimeter-wave exposure as outlined in patented documents. The patients who administered themselves treated Milmed, over periods extending from four-to-thirteen weeks, completed subjective self-report ratings of their allergy symptoms that indicated marked ameliorative effects; additionally, they rated their general health situations to be markedly improved. Those patients who had taken the untreated yeast did not report these improvements. Correlational analyses between the number of weeks treated Milmed was taken by patients and (i) alleviation of allergy symptoms, and (ii) improvement in general health status, indicated significant relationships in each case. The significant correlations between symptom improvements and general health status, on one hand, and the number of weeks treated Milmed was ingested imply that complete treatments are required for the optimal therapeutic benefits. As observed previously, 8-to-13-week episodes of treated Milmed self-administration provides a lasting amelioration from allergy symptoms and an improved general health status.

Effects of Practicing Social Distancing on COVID-19 Infections and Deaths: A Retrospective Study

Background: The study aimed to investigate whether the implementation of social distancing as a mitigation strategy earlier as opposed to in late March would have made an impact on the number of COVID-19 cases and related mortality in the United States. Methods: A Decision tree (Markov Modeling) was performed utilizing the Treeage Software®. The data, which was analyzed via Markov Modeling, was collected from Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center (CRC) and the CDC from February 1st through March 31st. Results: The results showed that earlier use of social distancing would have saved lives, prevented infections, and restricted the exponential spread of infections later in the pandemic. Had social distancing been instituted on March 1st, 307,237 infections would have been prevented, and 9,130 lives would have been saved by March 31st. This study points to the missed opportunity of earlier initiation of the mitigation strategy of social distancing use, with March 1st being a critical breakpoint. Conclusion: Analysis of the data concludes social distancing use must be strictly adhered to address the spread of infections and deaths due to Coronavirus. The findings of this study would be relevant for future research in formulating public health policy.

Real-World Data Evaluation Of Total IgE, Specific IgE And Omalizumab Therapy In A Cohort Of Allergic Asthma Patients Treated In A Community-Based Practice

Objective: In this study, we: (1) evaluated the correlation between total IgE and the presence of specific IgE; (2) compared the characteristics of patients with positive specific IgE to those with negative specific IgE; and, (3) analyzed the allergic testing results of patients on omalizumab and reported the effect of omalizumab on forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and asthma control test (ACT) results. Methods: Data from patients diagnosed with allergic asthma and seen at Florida Lung, Asthma & Sleep Specialists (FLASS) between January 2016 and June 2019 were analyzed. Parameters evaluated were total IgE, and levels of specific IgE to antigens in the ImmunoCAP test and skin prick test (SPT). Additional parameters for patients on omalizumab therapy for at least 6 months were FEV1, % predicted FEV1 and ACT results. Results: A total of 475 patients (114 males, 361 females) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 53 years (range: 17 to 89 years). Of these, 36 patients were not included in the analysis due to incomplete data. Mean total IgE was higher in patients with positive ImmunoCAP results compared to those with negative results (396 KU/L vs. 81.3 KU/L). There was a significant positive correlation between total IgE and levels of positive specific IgE in the ImmunoCAP test (p<0.0001, r=0.36, n=213 patients). The correlation between total IgE and levels of positive allergens in SPT was not significant (p=0.15, n=44 patients) Two positive reactions to allergens were seen in 22% of ImmunoCAP tests and 13% of SPT tests. There was no statistically significant improvement in FEV1 (p=0.097, CI -0.17 to 0.02) and % predicted FEV1 (p=0.109, CI -6.63 to 0.70) in patients who used omalizumab for at least 6 months. There was a statistically significant improvement in ACT scores (p=0.031, CI -4.21 to -0.21) in patients who used omalizumab for at least 6 months. Conclusion: Allergic asthma could be seen in patients who had an absence of specific IgE in ImmunoCAP and a negative reaction to SPT. The benefit of omalizumab therapy is not limited to allergic asthma patients with positive specific IgE.