Ultrasound assessment of hamstring muscle size using posterior thigh muscle thickness

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Abe ◽  
Jeremy P. Loenneke ◽  
Robert S. Thiebaud
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Posterior Thigh ◽  
Thigh Muscle Thickness ◽  
Ultrasound Assessment

Increased Muscle Size and Strength From Slow-Movement, Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise and Tonic Force Generation

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Watanabe ◽  
Michiya Tanimoto ◽  
Akane Ohgane ◽  
Kiyoshi Sanada ◽  
Motohiko Miyachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Slow Movement ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Thigh Muscle Thickness ◽  
Normal Speed

The authors investigated the effects of low-intensity resistance training on muscle size and strength in older men and women. Thirty-five participants (age 59–76 yr) were randomly assigned to 2 groups and performed low-intensity (50% of 1-repetition maximum) knee-extension and -flexion exercises with either slow movement and tonic force generation (LST; 3-s eccentric, 3-s concentric, and 1-s isometric actions with no rest between repetitions) or normal speed (LN; 1-s concentric and 1-s eccentric actions with 1-s rests between repetitions) twice a week for 12 wk (2-wk preparation and 10-wk intervention). The LST significantly increased thigh-muscle thickness, as well as isometric knee-extension and -flexion strength. The LN significantly improved strength, but its hypertrophic effect was limited. These results indicate that even for older individuals, the LST can be an effective method for gaining muscle mass and strength.

Correlation Between SARC-F Score and Ultrasound-Measured Thigh Muscle Thickness in Older Hospitalized Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1128-1130
Author(s):  
T. L. N. Gomes ◽  
T. C. Borges ◽  
C. Pichard ◽  
G. D. Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Thigh Muscle Thickness

scholarly journals Rest-pause and drop-set training elicit similar strength and hypertrophy adaptations compared to traditional sets in resistance-trained males

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysson Enes ◽  
Ragami Chaves Alves ◽  
Brad Jon Schoenfeld ◽  
Gustavo Oneda ◽  
Samuel C. Perin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Thigh Muscle Thickness ◽  
Traditional Resistance Training ◽  
Lateral Thigh ◽  
Post Hoc

The present paper aimed to compare the effect of drop-set (DS) and rest-pause (RP) systems versus traditional resistance training (TRT) with equalized total training volume on maximum dynamic strength (1RM) and thigh muscle thickness (MT).Twenty-eight resistance-trained males were randomly assigned to either RP (n = 10), DS (n = 9) or TRT (n = 9) protocols performed twice a week for 8 weeks. 1RM and MT of the proximal, middle and distal portions of the lateral thigh were assessed at baseline and post intervention.A significant time x group interaction was observed for 1RM (P = 0.025) in the barbell back squat after 8-weeks. Post hoc comparisons revealed that RP promoted higher 1RM than TRT (P = 0.001); no statistical differences in strength were observed between the other conditions. A significant main effect of time was revealed for MT at the proximal (P = 0.0001) and middle (P = 0.0001) aspects of the lateral thigh for all training groups; however, the distal portion did not show a time effect (P = 0.190). There were no between-group interactions for MT. Our findings suggest that RP promotes slightly superior strength-related improvements compared to TRT, but hypertrophic adaptations are similar between conditions. Novelty bullets • Rest-pause elicited a slightly superior benefit for strength adaptations compared to traditional resistance training. • Resistance training systems do not promote superior hypertrophic adaptations when total training volume is equalized. • Muscle thickness in distal portion of thigh are similar to baseline. Although modest, effect sizes tended to favor rest-pause.

scholarly journals Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Size and Function: Exploring the Influence of Aging and Exercise Training

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Takashi Abe ◽  
Jeremy P. Loenneke
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Sphincter Muscle ◽  
Orbicularis Oculi Muscle ◽  
Orbicularis Oculi ◽  
And Function

The orbicularis oculi muscle is the sphincter muscle of the eyelids that blinks and closes the eyes. In this review, our aim was threefold: (1) to introduce the performance characteristics of blinking activity in young and older adults, (2) to discuss the influence of aging on the orbicularis oculi muscle in healthy adults, and (3) to provide information about the effect of facial exercise training on the orbicularis oculi muscle. To achieve the purpose of this review, a search using two electronic databases (PubMed and Scopus) and a search engine (Google Scholar) was conducted. The amplitude and peak velocity of spontaneously blinking behavior, which is an index of muscle function of the orbicularis oculi, appear to be affected by aging. The muscle thickness of the orbicularis oculi tends to be low in older adults, but there are issues that need to be examined further, such as differences in sex and measurement positions. There was no study on the effect of exercise training; however, the results of a highly trained man indicate that the orbicularis oculi muscles might elicit muscle hypertrophy through non-traditional resistance exercise.

scholarly journals Lower extremity muscle size and strength and aerobic capacity decrease with caloric restriction but not with exercise-induced weight loss

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Weiss ◽  
Susan B. Racette ◽  
Dennis T. Villareal ◽  
Luigi Fontana ◽  
Karen Steger-May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Exercise Induced

Caloric restriction (CR) results in fat loss; however, it may also result in loss of muscle and thereby reduce strength and aerobic capacity (V̇o2 max). These effects may not occur with exercise-induced weight loss (EX) because of the anabolic effects of exercise on heart and skeletal muscle. We tested the hypothesis that CR reduces muscle size and strength and V̇o2 max, whereas EX preserves or improves these parameters. Healthy 50- to 60-yr-old men and women (body mass index of 23.5–29.9 kg/m2) were studied before and after 12 mo of weight loss by CR ( n = 18) or EX ( n = 16). Lean mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, thigh muscle volume by MRI, isometric and isokinetic knee flexor strength by dynamometry, and treadmill V̇o2 max by indirect calorimetry. Both interventions caused significant decreases in body weight (CR: −10.7 ± 1.4%, EX: −9.5 ± 1.5%) and lean mass (CR: −3.5 ± 0.7%, EX: −2.2 ± 0.8%), with no significant differences between groups. Significant decreases in thigh muscle volume (−6.9 ± 0.8%) and composite knee flexion strength (−7.2 ± 3%) occurred in the CR group only. Absolute V̇o2 max decreased significantly in the CR group (−6.8 ± 2.3%), whereas the EX group had significant increases in both absolute (+15.5 ± 2.4%) and relative (+28.3 ± 3.0%) V̇o2 max. These data provide evidence that muscle mass and absolute physical work capacity decrease in response to 12 mo of CR but not in response to a similar weight loss induced by exercise. These findings suggest that, during EX, the body adapts to maintain or even enhance physical performance capacity.

scholarly journals The effects of eccentric training on hamstring muscle architecture

Kinesiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Murat Emirzeoğlu ◽  
Tüzün Fırat ◽  
Özlem Ülger
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Eccentric Training ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Hand Muscle

The architectural features of the hamstring muscle group are important to prevent injury or to reduce the risk of re-injury. Besides, eccentric training is often used in the rehabilitation of hamstring injuries. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the changes created by eccentric training on hamstring muscle architecture and to determine the minimal values of training duration and intensity for requiring functional changes. The research was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, COCHRANE, CINAHL, and Pedro databases. Full-text studies examining the effect of eccentric training on at least one parameter of the hamstring muscle architecture were included in the review. Studies on cadavers and animals and studies involving different types of training combined with eccentric training were excluded. Twelve of the 7954 studies met the set criteria. According to the results, eccentric training undoubtedly increases fiber length. However, the pennation angle tends to decrease. On the other hand, muscle thickness and cross-sectional area tends to increase depending on the eccentric training. Although the frequency, number of sets and number of repetitions in sets were similar in the examined studies, muscle architecture changes were different. We think that eccentric training duration and the number of repetitions in total or per training session seem to have an impact on muscle architecture. In order to determine the minimal eccentric training program that can create these changes, quality research is needed to examine the duration, intensity and methods of eccentric training.

Muscle Strength, Size, and Composition Following 12 Months of Gender-affirming Treatment in Transgender Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. e805-e813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wiik ◽  
Tommy R Lundberg ◽  
Eric Rullman ◽  
Daniel P Andersson ◽  
Mats Holmberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year

Abstract Context As many sports are divided in male/female categories, governing bodies have formed regulations on the eligibility for transgender individuals to compete in these categories. Yet, the magnitude of change in muscle mass and strength with gender-affirming treatment remains insufficiently explored. Objective This study explored the effects of gender-affirming treatment on muscle function, size, and composition during 12 months of therapy. Design, settings, participants In this single-center observational cohort study, untrained transgender women (TW, n = 11) and transgender men (TM, n = 12), approved to start gender-affirming medical interventions, underwent assessments at baseline, 4 weeks after gonadal suppression of endogenous hormones but before hormone replacement, and 4 and 12 months after treatment initiation. Main outcome measures Knee extensor and flexor strength were assessed at all examination time points, and muscle size and radiological density (using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography) at baseline and 12 months after treatment initiation. Results Thigh muscle volume increased (15%) in TM, which was paralleled by increased quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) (15%) and radiological density (6%). In TW, the corresponding parameters decreased by –5% (muscle volume) and –4% (CSA), while density remained unaltered. The TM increased strength over the assessment period, while the TW generally maintained their strength levels. Conclusions One year of gender-affirming treatment resulted in robust increases in muscle mass and strength in TM, but modest changes in TW. These findings add new knowledge on the magnitude of changes in muscle function, size, and composition with cross-hormone therapy, which could be relevant when evaluating the transgender eligibility rules for athletic competitions.

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