scholarly journals Climate and Demography Dictate the Strength of Predator-Prey Overlap in a Subarctic Marine Ecosystem

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e66025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Hunsicker ◽  
Lorenzo Ciannelli ◽  
Kevin M. Bailey ◽  
Stephani Zador ◽  
Leif Christian Stige
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Overlap

THE STABILITY OF THE CRITICAL POINTS OF THE GENERALIZED GAUSE TYPE PREDATOR-PREY FISHERY MODELS WITH PROPORTIONAL HARVESTING AND TIME DELAY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Wan Natasha Wan Hussin ◽  
Rohana Embong ◽  
Che Noorlia Noor
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Dynamical Problem ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Prey Population ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Response

In the marine ecosystem, the time delay or lag may occur in the predator response function, which measures the rate of capture of prey by a predator. This is because, when the growth of the prey population is null at the time delay period, the predator’s growth is affected by its population and prey population densities only after the time delay period. Therefore, the generalized Gause type predator-prey fishery models with a selective proportional harvesting rate of fish and time lag in the Holling type II predator response function are proposed to simulate and solve the population dynamical problem. From the mathematical analysis of the models, a certain dimension of time delays in the predator response or reaction function can change originally stable non-trivial critical points to unstable ones. This is due to the existence of the Hopf bifurcation that measures the critical values of the time lag, which will affect the stabilities of the non-trivial critical points of the models. Therefore, the effects of increasing and decreasing the values of selective proportional harvesting rate terms of prey and predator on the stabilities of the non-trivial critical points of the fishery models were analysed. Results have shown that, by increasing the values of the total proportion of prey and predator harvesting denoted by qx Ex and qy Ey respectively, within the range 0.3102 ≤ qx Ex ≤ 0.9984 and 0.5049 ≤ qy Ey ≤ 0.5363, the originally unstable non-trivial critical points of the fishery models can be stable.

scholarly journals The importance of predator–prey overlap: predicting North Sea cod recovery with a multispecies assessment model

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1989-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kempf ◽  
Gjert Endre Dingsør ◽  
Geir Huse ◽  
Morten Vinther ◽  
Jens Floeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
The North ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Prey Overlap

Abstract Kempf, A., Dingsør, G. E., Huse, G., Vinther, M., Floeter, J., and Temming, A. 2010. The importance of predator–prey overlap: predicting North Sea cod recovery with a multispecies assessment model. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1989–1997. The overlap between predator and prey is known as a sensitive parameter in multispecies assessment models for fish, and its parameterization is notoriously difficult. Overlap indices were derived from trawl surveys and used to parametrize the North Sea stochastic multispecies model. The effect of time-invariant and year- and quarter-specific overlap estimates on the historical (1991–2007) and predicted trophic interactions, as well as the development of predator and prey stocks, was investigated. The focus was set on a general comparison between single-species and multispecies forecasts and the sensitivity of the predicted development of North Sea cod for the two types of overlap implementation. The spatial–temporal overlap between cod and its predators increased with increasing temperature, indicating that foodweb processes might reduce the recovery potential of cod during warm periods. Multispecies scenarios were highly influenced by assumptions on future spatial overlap, but they predicted a considerably lower recovery potential than single-species predictions did. In addition, a recovery of North Sea cod had strong negative effects on its prey stocks. The consequences of these findings for management are discussed.

Size Spectrum Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-37
Author(s):  
Ken H. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predation Mortality ◽  
Size Preference

This chapter follows the size-structure of the entire marine ecosystem. It shows how the Sheldon spectrum emerges from predator–prey interactions and the limitations that physics and physiology place on individual organisms. How predator–prey interactions and physiological limitations scale with body size are the central assumptions in size spectrum theory. To that end, this chapter first defines body size and size spectrum. Next, it shows how central aspects of individual physiology scale with size: metabolism, clearance rate, and prey size preference. On that basis, it is possible to derive a power-law representation of the size spectrum by considering a balance between the needs of an organism (its metabolism) and the encountered prey, which is determined by the spectrum, the clearance rate, and the size preference. Lastly, the chapter uses the solution of the size spectrum to derive the expected size scaling of predation mortality.

scholarly journals Predator–prey overlap in three dimensions: cod benefit from capelin coming near the seafloor

Ecography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Fall ◽  
Edda Johannesen ◽  
Göran Englund ◽  
Geir Odd Johansen ◽  
Øyvind Fiksen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Overlap

scholarly journals Enhanced fish production during a period of extreme global warmth

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Britten ◽  
Elizabeth C. Sibert
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Trophic Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Models ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Marine ecosystem models predict a decline in fish production with anthropogenic ocean warming, but how fish production equilibrates to warming on longer timescales is unclear. We report a positive nonlinear correlation between ocean temperature and pelagic fish production during the extreme global warmth of the Early Paleogene Period (62-46 million years ago [Ma]). Using data-constrained modeling, we find that temperature-driven increases in trophic transfer efficiency (the fraction of production passed up trophic levels) and primary production can account for the observed increase in fish production, while changes in predator-prey interactions cannot. These data provide new insight into upper-trophic-level processes constrained from the geological record, suggesting that long-term warming may support more productive food webs in subtropical pelagic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Survival probability of Baltic larval cod in relation to spatial overlap patterns with their prey obtained from drift model studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
H-H. Hinrichsen ◽  
J.O. Schmidt ◽  
C. Petereit ◽  
C. Möllmann
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Spatial Overlap ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Drift Model ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Prey Overlap ◽  
Baltic Cod

Abstract Temporal mismatch between the occurrence of larvae and their prey potentially affects the spatial overlap and thus the contact rates between predator and prey. This might have important consequences for growth and survival. We performed a case study investigating the influence of circulation patterns on the overlap of Baltic cod larvae with their prey. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to analyse spatio-temporally resolved drift patterns of larval Baltic cod. A coefficient of overlap between modelled larval and idealized prey distributions indicated the probability of predator–prey overlap, dependent on the hatching time of cod larvae. By performing model runs for the years 1979–1998 investigated the intra- and interannual variability of potential spatial overlap between predator and prey. Assuming uniform prey distributions, we generally found the overlap to have decreased since the mid-1980s, but with the highest variability during the 1990s. Seasonally, predator–prey overlap on the Baltic cod spawning grounds was highest in summer and lowest at the end of the cod spawning season. Horizontally variable prey distributions generally resulted in decreased overlap coefficients. Finally, we related variations in overlap patterns to the variability of Baltic cod recruitment success.

EMERGENT FEATURES IN A GENERAL FOOD WEB SIMULATION: LOTKA–VOLTERRA, GAUSE'S LAW, AND THE PARADOX OF ENRICHMENT

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (08) ◽  
pp. 1350014 ◽  
Author(s):  
TED CARMICHAEL ◽  
MIRSAD HADZIKADIC
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
System Level ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Paradox Of Enrichment ◽  
Complex Adaptive

Computer simulations of complex food-webs are important tools for deepening our understanding of these systems. Yet most computer models assume, rather than generate, key system-level patterns, or use mathematical modeling approaches that make it difficult to fully account for nonlinear dynamics. In this paper, we present a computer simulation model that addresses these concerns by focusing on assumptions of agent attributes rather than agent outcomes. Our model utilizes the techniques of complex adaptive systems and agent-based modeling so that system level patterns of a marine ecosystem emerge from the interactions of thousands of individual computer agents. This methodology is validated by using this general simulation model to replicate fundamental properties of a marine ecosystem, including: (i) the predator–prey oscillations found in Lotka–Volterra; (ii) the stepped pattern of biomass accrual from resource enrichment; (iii) the Paradox of Enrichment; and (iv) Gause's Law.

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