On the ability of experimental impact measures to predict tooth injuries in an ex vivo swine model

e16045 Background: The penetration of chemotherapeutic drugs into metastatic peritoneal nodules remains at levels well below 1 mm, thus significantly limiting the antitumor effect of intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC). Recently, high-Intensity ultrasound (HIUS) has been discovered as a potential tool to improve peritoneal diffusion rates. Despite promising preliminary data, basic aspects regarding its technical feasibility, safety and possible limitations remain unclear. This study aims to enhance our current understanding of HIUS and test its applicability using an ex-vivo swine model. Methods: Three postmortem swine were subject to laparotomy with consecutive lavage with 0.9%NaCl saline and HIUS application. For this purpose, a large HIUS radiating pen was introduced into the abdominal cavity and HIUS was applied on two of the four abdominal quadrants for 300 seconds each at an output power of 70 W, 50 % amplitude and 20 kHz frequency. Following the procedure, small intestinal tissue samples were removed for further analyses. Results: In all specimen, peritoneal and subperitoneal layers showed structural changes only visible on a microscopic level. The peritoneal layer was transformed into a mash-like structure while the subperitoneal layer (depth of 142 +/- 28 µm) exhibited microcavities and vascular detachment from surrounding tissues. No bowel rupture or vascular perforations were observed. Conclusions: Our data indicate that HIUS is a technically feasible add-on procedure for IPC with measurable microscopic changes on the peritoneal surface and no apparent bowel toxicity. Pretreatment of the abdominal cavity with HIUS could significantly improve IPC efficacy. Further studies are required to optimize and evaluate this novel approach.

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Evaluation of whole body Ultralow-Dose CT for the assessment of ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications: an experimental ex-vivo study in a swine model

European Radiology ◽

10.1007/s00330-015-3653-z ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 2199-2204 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ahmed Othman ◽

Hussam A. Hamou ◽

Rastislav Pjontek ◽

Saif Afat ◽

Hans Clusmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Whole Body ◽

Swine Model ◽

Ultralow Dose ◽

Shunt Complications ◽

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Complications ◽

Ex Vivo Study

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Improve the Renal Microvasculature in Metabolic Renovascular Disease in Swine

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/0963689718780942 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (7) ◽

pp. 1080-1095 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Alfonso Eirin ◽

Xiang-Yang Zhu ◽

Sreela Jonnada ◽

Amir Lerman ◽

Andre J. van Wijnen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Capillary Density ◽

Swine Model ◽

Renovascular Disease ◽

And Function ◽

Angiogenic Genes ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) mediate their paracrine effect, but their efficacy to protect the microcirculation of the kidney is unknown. Using a novel swine model of unilateral renovascular disease (RVD) complicated by metabolic syndrome (MetS), we tested the hypothesis that EVs would attenuate renal microvascular loss. Methods: Four groups of pigs ( n = 7 each) were studied after 16 weeks of diet-induced MetS and RVD (MetS+RVD), MetS+RVD treated 4 weeks earlier with a single intra-renal delivery of EVs harvested from autologous adipose tissue-derived MSCs, and Lean and MetS Sham controls. Stenotic-kidney renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured in-vivo (fast CT), whereas EV characteristics, renal microvascular architecture (micro-CT), and injury pathways were studied ex-vivo. Results: mRNA sequencing and proteomic analysis revealed that EVs are packed with several pro-angiogenic genes and proteins, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Labeled EVs were detected in the stenotic kidney 4 weeks after injection internalized by tubular and endothelial cells. EVs restored renal expression of angiogenic factors and improved cortical microvascular and peritubular capillary density. Renal apoptosis, oxidative stress, tubular injury, and fibrosis were also attenuated in EV-treated pigs. RBF and GFR decreased in MetS+RVD compared with MetS, but normalized in MetS+RVD+EVs. Conclusions: Intra-renal delivery of MSC-derived EVs bearing pro-angiogenic properties restored the renal microcirculation and in turn hemodynamics and function in chronic experimental MetS+RVD. Our study suggests a novel therapeutic potential for MSC-derived EVs in restoring renal hemodynamics in experimental MetS+RVD.

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Pilot in vivo studies on transcutaneous boiling histotripsy in porcine liver and kidney

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56658-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tatiana D. Khokhlova ◽

George R. Schade ◽

Yak-Nam Wang ◽

Sergey V. Buravkov ◽

Valeriy P. Chernikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Respiratory Gating ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Swine Model ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Porcine Liver

AbstractBoiling histotripsy (BH) is a High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) method for precise mechanical disintegration of target tissue using millisecond-long pulses containing shocks. BH treatments with real-time ultrasound (US) guidance allowed by BH-generated bubbles were previously demonstrated ex vivo and in vivo in exposed porcine liver and small animals. Here, the feasibility of US-guided transabdominal and partially transcostal BH ablation of kidney and liver in an acute in vivo swine model was evaluated for 6 animals. BH parameters were: 1.5 MHz frequency, 5–30 pulses of 1–10 ms duration per focus, 1% duty cycle, peak acoustic powers 0.9–3.8 kW, sonication foci spaced 1–1.5 mm apart in a rectangular grid with 5–15 mm linear dimensions. In kidneys, well-demarcated volumetric BH lesions were generated without respiratory gating and renal medulla and collecting system were more resistant to BH than cortex. The treatment was accelerated 10-fold by using shorter BH pulses of larger peak power without affecting the quality of tissue fractionation. In liver, respiratory motion and aberrations from subcutaneous fat affected the treatment but increasing the peak power provided successful lesion generation. These data indicate BH is a promising technology for transabdominal and transcostal mechanical ablation of tumors in kidney and liver.

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Abstract 17216: Intracoronary Dual-modal OCT/NIRF Structural-Molecular Imaging with a Clinical Dose of Indocyanine Green (ICG) for Detection of High-risk Coronary Plaques in Diabetic Swine Model

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.17216 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Sunwon Kim ◽

Min Woo Lee ◽

Han Saem Cho ◽

Joon Woo Song ◽

Sunki Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Swine Model ◽

Fully Integrated ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Fibrous Cap ◽

Nirf Imaging

Background: Acute coronary syndrome is frequently caused by rupture of macrophage abundant plaques with a large lipid-rich core. The present study aimed to investigate whether a fully integrated OCT/NIRF imaging combined with a clinically available near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) enhancing ICG can detect the inflamed, lipid-rich plaques in swine coronary atheromata whose phenotype is similar to human vulnerable fibroatheroma. Methods and Results: Accelerated atherosclerosis was made by coronary balloon denudation in alloxan induced diabetic minipigs. A rapid coronary imaging (20 mm/sec pullback speed) using a fully integrated OCT/NIRF catheter was safely performed 30 minutes after I.V. injection of ICG (2.0 mg/kg) just under contrast purge. OCT clearly identified the lipid-rich plaques with fibrous cap. Simultaneously acquired, distance-calibrated NIRF imaging detected lipid-laden macrophage signals in OCT-proven plaques (figure). The in vivo plaque target-to-background ratio (pTBR) was significantly higher in ICG-injected swine compared to non-diabetic swines or saline-injected controls (p<0.05), which was validated on ex vivo fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) (figure). The in vivo and ex vivo peak pTBRs correlated significantly (p<0.05). In vitro experiments, and histopathology including fluorescence microscopic imaging and immunostaining of the plaque sections corroborated the findings in vivo . Conlusions: An OCT/NIRF imaging with a clinical use of ICG accurately identified macrophage abundant, lipid-rich coronary plaques in diabetic atheromatous minipigs. This highly translatable dual-modal molecular-structural imaging could be relevant for clinical intracoronary detection of high-risk plaques.

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Barrier effect of Esoxx® on esophageal mucosal damage: experimental study on ex-vivo swine model

Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology ◽

10.2147/ceg.s31404 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Massimo Di Simone ◽

Fabio Baldi ◽

Valentina Vasina ◽

Maria Laura Bacci ◽

Fabrizio Scorrano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

Swine Model ◽

Barrier Effect

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Exploring Insulin Production Following Alveolar Islet Transplantation (AIT)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms221910185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (19) ◽

pp. 10185

Author(s):

Hien Lau ◽

Tanja Khosrawipour ◽

Shiri Li ◽

Michael Alexander ◽

Piotr Frelkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Secretion ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Lung Perfusion ◽

Swine Model ◽

Insulin Production ◽

Glucose Stimulation ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Perfusion Model ◽

Transplant Site ◽

Alveolar Surface

Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of islet implantation into the alveoli. However, until today, there are no data on islet behavior and morphology at their transplant site. This study is the first to investigate islet distribution as well insulin production at the implant site. Using an ex vivo postmortem swine model, porcine pancreatic islets were isolated and aerosolized into the lung using an endoscopic spray-catheter. Lung tissue was explanted and bronchial airways were surgically isolated and connected to a perfusor. Correct implantation was confirmed via histology. The purpose of using this new lung perfusion model was to measure static as well as dynamic insulin excretions following glucose stimulation. Alveolar islet implantation was confirmed after aerosolization. Over 82% of islets were correctly implanted into the intra-alveolar space. The medium contact area to the alveolar surface was estimated at 60 +/− 3% of the total islet surface. The new constructed lung perfusion model was technically feasible. Following static glucose stimulation, insulin secretion was detected, and dynamic glucose stimulation revealed a biphasic insulin secretion capacity during perfusion. Our data indicate that islets secrete insulin following implantation into the alveoli and display an adapted response to dynamic changes in glucose. These preliminary results are encouraging and mark a first step toward endoscopically assisted islet implantation in the lung.

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Ex Vivo and In Vivo Imaging Study of Ultrasound Capsule Endoscopy

Journal of Medical Devices ◽

10.1115/1.4046352 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

John H. Lee ◽

Giovanni Traverso ◽

David Ibarra-Zarate ◽

Duane S. Boning ◽

Brian W. Anthony

Keyword(s):

Capsule Endoscopy ◽

In Vivo Imaging ◽

Clinical Utility ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Imaging Study ◽

Mucosal Surface ◽

Swine Model ◽

Gi Tract ◽

Acoustic Coupling

Abstract Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has revolutionized the capacity for evaluation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but its evaluation is limited to the mucosal surface. To overcome this, ultrasound capsule endoscopy (UCE) that can evaluate the deeper structures beyond the mucosal surface has been proposed and several studies focusing on technology development have demonstrated promising results. However, investigations of the potential for clinical utility of this technology are lacking. This work had two main goals: perform ex vivo and in vivo imaging studies in a swine model to (1) evaluate if acoustic coupling between a capsule with a specific size and GI tract can be achieved only through peristalsis autonomously without any human control and (2) identify key issues and challenges to help guide further research. The images acquired in these studies were able to visualize the wall of the GI tract as well as the structures within demonstrating that achieving adequate acoustic coupling through peristalsis is possible. Critical challenges were identified including level of visualization and area of coverage; these require further in-depth investigation before potential clinical utility of UCE technology can be concluded.

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