Humoral immunity response to human endogenous retroviruses K/W differentiates between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurological diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Arru ◽  
G. Mameli ◽  
G. A. Deiana ◽  
A. L. Rassu ◽  
R. Piredda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Immunity Response ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

scholarly journals Endogenous Retroviruses in Nervous System Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Victoria Gröger ◽  
Alexander Emmer ◽  
Martin Staege ◽  
Holger Cynis
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Therapeutic Antibodies ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several nervous system disorders including multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The toxicity of HERV-derived RNAs and proteins for neuronal cells has been demonstrated. The involvement of HERV in the pathogenesis of currently incurable diseases might offer new treatment strategies based on the inhibition of HERV activities by small molecules or therapeutic antibodies.

scholarly journals Expression of HERV Genes as Possible Biomarker and Target in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonina Dolei ◽  
Gabriele Ibba ◽  
Claudia Piu ◽  
Caterina Serra
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Causal Connections ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Disease ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are genetic parasites, in-between genetics and environment. Few HERVs retain some coding capability. Sometimes, the host has the advantage of some HERV genes; conversely, HERVs may contribute to pathogenesis. The expression of HERVs depends on several factors, and is regulated epigenetically by stimuli such as inflammation, viral and microbial infections, etc. Increased expression of HERVs occurs in physiological and pathological conditions, in one or more body sites. Several diseases have been attributed to one or more HERVs, particularly neurological diseases. The key problem is to differentiate the expression of a HERV as cause or effect of a disease. To be used as a biomarker, a correlation between the expression of a certain HERV and the disease onset and/or behavior must be found. The greater challenge is to establish a pathogenic role. The criteria defining causal connections between HERVs and diseases include the development of animal models, and disease modulation in humans, by anti-HERV therapeutic antibody. So far, statistically significant correlations between HERVs and diseases have been achieved for HERV-W and multiple sclerosis; disease reproduction in transgenic animals was achieved for HERV-W and multiple sclerosis, and for HERV-K and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clinical trials for both diseases are in progress.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Chitinases as Biomarkers for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Júlia Costa ◽  
Marta Gromicho ◽  
Ana Pronto-Laborinho ◽  
Conceição Almeida ◽  
Ricardo A. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Trials ◽  
Als Patients ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative neuromuscular disease that affects motor neurons controlling voluntary muscles. Survival is usually 2–5 years after onset, and death occurs due to respiratory failure. The identification of biomarkers would be very useful to help in disease diagnosis and for patient stratification based on, e.g., progression rate, with implications in therapeutic trials. Neurofilaments constitute already-promising markers for ALS and, recently, chitinases have emerged as novel marker targets for the disease. Here, we investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) chitinases as potential markers for ALS. Chitotriosidase (CHIT1), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), chitinase-3-like protein 2 (CHI3L2) and the benchmark marker phosphoneurofilament heavy chain (pNFH) were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from the CSF of 34 ALS patients and 24 control patients with other neurological diseases. CSF was also analyzed by UHPLC-mass spectrometry. All three chitinases, as well as pNFH, were found to correlate with disease progression rate. Furthermore, CHIT1 was elevated in ALS patients with high diagnostic performance, as was pNFH. On the other hand, CHIT1 correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC). The three chitinases correlated with pNFH, indicating a relation between degeneration and neuroinflammation. In conclusion, our results supported the value of CHIT1 as a diagnostic and progression rate biomarker, and its potential as respiratory function marker. The results opened novel perspectives to explore chitinases as biomarkers and their functional relevance in ALS.

scholarly journals Aptamer Applications in Neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meric Ozturk ◽  
Marit Nilsen-Hamilton ◽  
Muslum Ilgu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Being the predominant cause of disability, neurological diseases have received much attention from the global health community. Over a billion people suffer from one of the following neurological disorders: dementia, epilepsy, stroke, migraine, meningitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, prion dis-ease, or brain tumors. Diagnosis and treatment options are limited for many of these diseases. Aptamers, being small and non-immunogenic nucleic acid molecules that are easy to chemically modify, offer potential diagnostic and theranostic applications to meet these needs. This review covers pioneer studies to apply aptamers, which show promise for future diagnostics and treatments of neurological disorders that pose increasingly dire worldwide health challenges.

scholarly journals Aptamer Applications in Neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Meric Ozturk ◽  
Marit Nilsen-Hamilton ◽  
Muslum Ilgu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Being the predominant cause of disability, neurological diseases have received much attention from the global health community. Over a billion people suffer from one of the following neurological disorders: dementia, epilepsy, stroke, migraine, meningitis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, prion disease, or brain tumors. The diagnosis and treatment options are limited for many of these diseases. Aptamers, being small and non-immunogenic nucleic acid molecules that are easy to chemically modify, offer potential diagnostic and theragnostic applications to meet these needs. This review covers pioneering studies in applying aptamers, which shows promise for future diagnostics and treatments of neurological disorders that pose increasingly dire worldwide health challenges.

scholarly journals HERV-K and HERV-W transcriptional activity in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas S. Rodrigues ◽  
Luiz H. da Silva Nali ◽  
Cibele O. D. Leal ◽  
Ester C. Sabino ◽  
Eliana M. Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Activity

Abstract Background Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/MS) is an incapacitating chronic disease that dramatically compromise the life quality. The CFS/ME pathogenesis is multifactorial, and it is believed that immunological, metabolic and environmental factors play a role. It is well documented an increased activity of Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) from different families in autoimmune and neurological diseases, making these elements good candidates for biomarkers or even triggers for such diseases. Methods Here the expression of Endogenous retroviruses K and W (HERV-K and HERV-W) was determined in blood from moderately and severely affected ME/CFS patients through real time PCR. Results HERV-K was overexpressed only in moderately affected individuals but HERV-W showed no difference. Conclusions This is the first report about HERV-K differential expression in moderate ME/CFS. Although the relationship between HERVs and ME/CFS has yet to be proven, the observation of this phenomenon deserves further attention.

Advocacy in Neurology

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Healthcare Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Seminal Contribution ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

The concept of advocacy literally means to speak for someone. Rooted in law, the term has been increasingly used in medical and patient-related contexts in the past years. This book focuses on advocacy activities in the field of neurology. Neurology deals with heterogeneous and diverse populations of patients, who suffer from disability, chronic, and often progressive diseases. The complex characteristics of neurological diseases yield exceptional challenges to plan for and implement advocacy activities on all levels. All stakeholders are challenged to provide the support patients need; advocacy facilitates this process and bundles efforts to reach the objective of the advocacy task. Building on the premise that advocacy goes beyond merely theoretical claims, this book collects and organizes advocacy approaches in practice. Thereby, we draw on different dimensions of ‘advocacy in neurological practice’ and discuss implications for management, healthcare, planning, and policymaking. We place special emphasis on what advocacy means for several different diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brain tumours, MS, epilepsy among others. Contributions include best practices, lessons learnt, and tools to be used. The main goal of this book is to raise awareness for advocacy in neurology and empower readers to plan for and implement appropriate activities. In advocacy, anyone can be both an advocate and an advocatee. This book offers a seminal contribution for anyone who is pursuing or intending to pursue advocacy in neurology and related fields.

Reticulons as Markers of Neurological Diseases: Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anissa Fergani ◽  
Luc Dupuis ◽  
Natasa Jokic ◽  
Yves Larmet ◽  
Marc de Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document