scholarly journals Impacts of parasites on marine survival of Atlantic salmon: a meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Wiik Vollset ◽  
Randi Ingebjørg Krontveit ◽  
Peder A Jansen ◽  
Bengt Finstad ◽  
Bjørn Torgeir Barlaup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Marine Survival

Low concentrations of inorganic monomeric aluminum impair physiological status and marine survival of Atlantic salmon

Aquaculture ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 222 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frode Kroglund ◽  
Bengt Finstad
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Marine Survival

scholarly journals Atlantic salmon in a rapidly changing environment—Facing the challenges of reduced marine survival and climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva B. Thorstad ◽  
Doug Bliss ◽  
Cindy Breau ◽  
Kim Damon‐Randall ◽  
Line E. Sundt‐Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Marine Survival

Comparison of the marine survival of atlantic salmon, Salmo solar L. smolts vaccinated and nonvaccinated against vibriosis

Aquaculture ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 156 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Rahkonen ◽  
M Salminen ◽  
E Erkamo
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Marine Survival

scholarly journals Transcriptome Responses of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) to Viral and Bacterial Pathogens, Inflammation, and Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksei Krasnov ◽  
Lill-Heidi Johansen ◽  
Christian Karlsen ◽  
Lene Sveen ◽  
Elisabeth Ytteborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Rna Helicases ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Preferential Expression ◽  
Functional Annotations ◽  
Selection Of

Transcriptomics provides valuable data for functional annotations of genes, the discovery of biomarkers, and quantitative assessment of responses to challenges. Meta-analysis of Nofima’s Atlantic salmon microarray database was performed for the selection of genes that have shown strong and reproducible expression changes. Using data from 127 experiments including 6440 microarrays, four transcription modules (TM) were identified with a total of 902 annotated genes: 161 virus responsive genes – VRG (activated with five viruses and poly I:C), genes that responded to three pathogenic bacteria (523 up and 33 down-regulated genes), inflammation not caused by infections – wounds, melanized foci in skeletal muscle and exposure to PAMP (180 up and 72 down-regulated genes), and stress by exercise, crowding and cortisol implants (33 genes). To assist the selection of gene markers, genes in each TM were ranked according to the scale of expression changes. In terms of functional annotations, association with diseases and stress was unknown or not reflected in public databases for a large part of genes, including several genes with the highest ranks. A set of multifunctional genes was discovered. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase was present in all TM and 22 genes, including most differentially expressed matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 13 were assigned to three TMs. The meta-analysis has improved understanding of the defense strategies in Atlantic salmon. VRG have demonstrated equal or similar responses to RNA (SAV, IPNV, PRV, and ISAV), and DNA (gill pox) viruses, injection of bacterial DNA (plasmid) and exposure of cells to PAMP (CpG and gardiquimod) and relatively low sensitivity to inflammation and bacteria. Genes of the highest rank show preferential expression in erythrocytes. This group includes multigene families (gig and several trim families) and many paralogs. Of pathogen recognition receptors, only RNA helicases have shown strong expression changes. Most VRG (82%) are effectors with a preponderance of ubiquitin-related genes, GTPases, and genes of nucleotide metabolism. Many VRG have unknown roles. The identification of TMs makes possible quantification of responses and assessment of their interactions. Based on this, we are able to separate pathogen-specific responses from general inflammation and stress.

scholarly journals Wild Atlantic salmon exposed to sea lice from aquaculture show reduced marine survival and modified response to ocean climate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Shephard ◽  
Patrick Gargan
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
Ocean Climate ◽  
Salmon Aquaculture ◽  
Coastal Aquaculture ◽  
Marine Survival

Abstract Impacts on marine survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar include sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation from coastal aquaculture, and ocean climate forcing. These effects may interact because infestation compromises smolt growth and body condition, and thus response to environmental conditions. We hypothesized that migrating smolts exposed to lice from salmon farms would show (i) reduced one sea-winter (1SW) returns to natal rivers and (ii) a shift in relationships between ocean climate and returns. Annual counts of 1SW fish were studied from ten rivers in Ireland, including five “control” systems without salmon aquaculture. Most counts showed a downward trend, consistent with declines in Atlantic salmon populations. Rivers with aquaculture showed lesser returns (mean 33%, range 19–46%) in years following high lice levels on nearby salmon farms. The level of likely lice pressure also modified how annual 1SW returns varied with ocean conditions. Returns to control rivers showed a weak negative relationship with the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) in the late summer (September) of the out-migrating year. This negative AMO effect became much stronger for fish migrating in low lice years but was not evident for high lice years. Smolts experiencing mild-to-moderate lice infestation may show greater sensitivity to ocean warming.

scholarly journals Using meta-analysis to derive a respiration model for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to assess bioenergetics requirements of juveniles in two Canadian rivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2225-2234
Author(s):  
Camille J. Macnaughton ◽  
David Deslauriers ◽  
Erinn L. Ipsen ◽  
Emily Corey ◽  
Eva C. Enders
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Standard metabolic rates (SMRs) for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have been calculated independently for different life stages and populations, but the absence of a comprehensive SMR model limits its application for modelling the energy use or life stage-specific growth. Atlantic salmon respiration data were compiled from a meta-analysis of 26 publications, and exponential or optimal relationships were fitted to the metadata to estimate respiration equation parameters and generate confidence intervals dependent on temperature and body mass. While model parameters were significant for both models, mass-corrected standard metabolic rates (g O2·day−1) increased as a function of water temperature (°C) and decreased beyond ∼16 °C following an optimal relationship (AICoptimal = –9185.50 versus AICexponential = –8948.95; ΔAIC = 236.55). Juvenile Atlantic salmon growth (cohorts 1 and 2) from bioenergetics simulations did not vary between Little Southwest Miramichi and Northwest Miramichi rivers; however, variation between simulations using the different respiration models (i.e., exponential versus optimal) led to differences in the way fish allocate energy throughout the year. Results from this analysis will inform conservation efforts for the species throughout its current range and predict the energetic requirements at juvenile life stages.

scholarly journals Embedding stock assessment within an integrated hierarchical Bayesian life cycle modelling framework: an application to Atlantic salmon in the Northeast Atlantic

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1653-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Massiot-Granier ◽  
Etienne Prévost ◽  
Gérald Chaput ◽  
Ted Potter ◽  
Gordon Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Marine Survival

Abstract We developed a hierarchical Bayesian integrated life cycle model for Atlantic salmon that improves on the stock assessment approach currently used by ICES and provides some interesting insights about the population dynamics of a stock assemblage. The model is applied to the salmon stocks in eastern Scotland. It assimilates a 40-year (1971–2010) time-series of data compiled by ICES, including the catches in the distant water fisheries at Faroes and West Greenland and estimates of returning fish abundance. Our model offers major improvements in terms of statistical methodology for A. salmon stock assessment. Uncertainty about inferences is readily quantified in the form of Bayesian posterior distributions for parameters and abundance at all life stages, and the model could be adapted to provide projections based on the uncertainty derived from the estimation phase. The approach offers flexibility to improve the ecological realism of the model. It allows the introduction of density dependence in the egg-to-smolt transition, which is not considered in the current ICES assessment method. The results show that this modifies the inferences on the temporal dynamics of the post-smolt marine survival. In particular, the overall decrease in the marine survival between 1971 and 2010 and the sharp decline around 1988–1990 are dampened when density dependence is considered. The return rates of smolts as two-sea-winter (2SW) fish has declined in a higher proportion than return rates as one-sea-winter (1SW) fish. Our results indicate that this can be explained either by an increase in the proportion maturing as 1SW fish or by an increase in the mortality rate at sea of 2SW fish, but the data used in our analyses do not allow the likelihood of these two hypotheses to be gauged.

Is solar radiation responsible for declines in marine survival rates of anadromous salmonids that rear in small streams?

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2533-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Walters ◽  
Bruce Ward
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Marine Survival

There have been profound declines in marine survival rates of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (O. kisutch), chinook salmon (O. tschawytscha), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) since the mid-1980s, and these declines have been particularly acute in sunny regions. We suggest that the problem may originate in freshwater with radiation (e.g., UV-B) damage to metabolic machinery that is expressed during stressful periods of smolting and ocean entry and that progressively worse damage may soon appear as reduction in freshwater survivals as well. This hypothesis can be tested quickly by management agencies by comparing survival rates of hatchery-reared fish with and without radiation protection during rearing.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of marine growth and relationships to return rates of Penobscot River Atlantic salmon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Fillion Barajas ◽  
Timothy F Sheehan ◽  
Ruth Haas-Castro ◽  
Brandon Ellingson ◽  
Katherine Mills
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
North American ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Penobscot River ◽  
Marine Survival

Beginning in the 1980s, return rates of Atlantic salmon to the Penobscot River, Maine U.S.A. declined and have persisted at low levels. This downturn coincided with similar declines in North American and European Atlantic salmon stocks and with changes in the Northwest Atlantic ecosystem. Previous studies investigated whether early marine growth explained the declines, but results varied, with decreased growth associated with declines in European stocks but not North American stocks. In this study, we evaluate whether growth over the entire marine stage is related to Atlantic salmon marine survival. We constructed a growth time series from scales of returned Penobscot River Atlantic salmon spanning periods of varying marine survival. We used ANOVA and post-hoc tests to quantify seasonal growth increment differences and principal component analysis to characterize variability among the suite of growth increments. We observed reduced growth during the second winter and second marine year starting in the 1990s, with compensatory seasonal growth relationships. These results indicate that diminished growth during late marine stages is associated with low return rates in this population.

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