scholarly journals Fisher's preferences and trade-offs between management options

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Fitzpatrick ◽  
Christos D Maravelias ◽  
Ole Ritzau Eigaard ◽  
Stephen Hynes ◽  
David Reid
Keyword(s):  
Management Options ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Identifying integrated options for agricultural climate change mitigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tzilivakis ◽  
Kathleen Lewis ◽  
Andrew Green ◽  
Douglas Warner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mitigation Options ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Change Mitigation

Purpose – In order to achieve reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it is essential that all industry sectors have the appropriate knowledge and tools to contribute. This includes agriculture, which is considered to contribute about a third of emissions globally. This paper reports on one such tool: IMPACCT: Integrated Management oPtions for Agricultural Climate Change miTigation. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – IMPACCT focuses on GHGs, carbon sequestration and associated mitigation options. However, it also attempts to include information on economic and other environmental impacts in order to provide a more holistic perspective. The model identifies mitigation options, likely economic impacts and any synergies and trade-offs with other environmental objectives. The model has been applied on 22 case study farms in seven Member States. Findings – The tool presents some useful concepts for developing carbon calculators in the future. It has highlighted that calculators need to evolve from simply calculating emissions to identifying cost-effective and integrated emissions reduction options. Practical implications – IMPACCT has potential to become an effective means of provided targeted guidance, as part of a broader knowledge transfer programme based on an integrated suite of guidance, tools and advice delivered via different media. Originality/value – IMPACCT is a new model that demonstrates how to take a more integrated approach to mitigating GHGs on farms across Europe. It is a holistic carbon calculator that presents mitigation options in the context other environmental and economic objectives in the search for more sustainable methods of food production.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Compute Clusters and Massive Environmental Simulations Based on the EPIC Model

Modelling ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Nikolay Khabarov ◽  
Alexey Smirnov ◽  
Juraj Balkovič ◽  
Rastislav Skalský ◽  
Christian Folberth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Growth ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Epic Model ◽  
Processor Core ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Desktop Computers ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Original Field ◽  
Environmental Simulations

In recent years, the crop growth modeling community invested immense effort into high resolution global simulations estimating inter alia the impacts of projected climate change. The demand for computing resources in this context is high and expressed in processor core-years per one global simulation, implying several crops, management systems, and a several decades time span for a single climatic scenario. The anticipated need to model a richer set of alternative management options and crop varieties would increase the processing capacity requirements even more, raising the looming issue of computational efficiency. While several publications report on the successful application of the original field-scale crop growth model EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) for running on modern supercomputers, the related performance improvement issues and, especially, associated trade-offs have only received, so far, limited coverage. This paper provides a comprehensive view on the principles of the EPIC setup for parallel computations and, for the first time, on those specific to heterogeneous compute clusters that are comprised of desktop computers utilizing their idle time to carry out massive computations. The suggested modification of the core EPIC model allows for a dramatic performance increase (order of magnitude) on a compute cluster that is powered by the open-source high-throughput computing software framework HTCondor.

A fisheries risk-assessment framework to evaluate trade-offs among management options in the presence of time-varying productivity

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Collie ◽  
Randall M. Peterman ◽  
Brett M. Zuehlke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Commercial Catch ◽  
Trade Offs

Empirically based simulation models can help fisheries managers make difficult decisions involving trade-offs between harvests and maintaining spawner abundance, especially when data contain uncertainties. We developed such a general risk-assessment framework and applied it to chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta ) stocks in the Arctic–Yukon–Kuskokwim region of Alaska, USA. These stocks experienced low abundance in the 1990s, which led to declarations of economic disaster and calls for changes in harvest strategies. Our stochastic model provides decision makers with quantitative information about trade-offs among commercial harvest, subsistence harvest, and spawner abundance. The model included outcome uncertainty (the difference between target and realized spawner abundances) in the subsistence and commercial catch modules. We also used closed-loop simulations to investigate the utility of time-varying management policies in which target spawner abundance changed in response to changes in the Ricker productivity parameter (a), as estimated with a Kalman filter. Time-varying policies resulted in higher escapements and catches and reduced risk across a range of harvest rates. The resulting generic risk-assessment framework can be used to evaluate harvest guidelines for most salmon stocks.

A decision framework for natural resource management: a case study using plant introductions

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessments ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Analytical Tools

One means of anticipating and, thus, preventing natural resource problems, such as those that may arise from plant introductions, is to use effective decision frameworks. This paper argues that such frameworks are typified by 4 elements. These are clear goals explicitly linked to cultural values, key questions that scope problems and management options, application of appropriate analytical tools, and the connection of authority for decisions with responsibility for outcomes. These elements are explored here. Trade offs are an inevitable part of decisions concerning natural resource management, including those relating to plant introductions. Benefit-cost and multi-criteria decision analyses are useful in this regard, but must be applied using methods that ensure all the relevant cultural values and management options are explored. Some recent proposals concerning the assessment of plant introductions do not always adequately frame decision issues. Ecological risk assessments can be used to define an acceptable level of risk concerning the negative impacts of introducing new biota, and, combined with an appropriate benefit-cost or multi-criteria analysis, provide the suite of analytical tools to make effective decisions concerning plant introductions. Effective decisions are more likely when the authority to make decisions and the responsibility for unforeseen outcomes are closely linked.

scholarly journals Using Value Assessment to Drive PHM System Development in Early Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hulse ◽  
Christopher Hoyle ◽  
Kai Goebel ◽  
Irem Tumer
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Early Design Phase

Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) systems have been shown to provide many benefits to the reliability, performance, and life of engineered systems. However, because of trade-offs between up-front design and implementation costs, operational performance, and reliability, it may not be obvious in the early design phase whether one PHM system will be more beneficial to another, or whether a PHM system will provide benefit compared to a traditional reliability approach. These trade-offs make the commitment required to pursue PHM features in the early design phase difficult to justify. In this paper, a cost model incorporating trade-offs among design cost, operational performance, and failure risk is used to provide a comprehensive value comparison of health management options to motivate design decision-making. This approach is then demonstrated in a simple case study comparing the use of a PHM system for condition-based maintenance or diagnostic-based recovery with implementing redundancy and increased inspection in the design. Then it is shown how different model inputs and assumptions result in a different system value (and different design choice from the process), illustrating the usefulness of cost modelling to capture design trade-offs. Using this approach, decisions about pursuing PHM can be made early, enabling the benefits to be fully leveraged in the design process to achieve increased operational resilience.

scholarly journals Decision spaces in agricultural risk management: a mental model study of Austrian crop farmers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Hanger-Kopp ◽  
Marlene Palka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Agricultural Risk ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Drought Risk Management

AbstractDrought has become a dominant climate risk both around the world and in Europe, adding to the already challenging task of farming and governing the agricultural sector under climate change. Drought risk management is extremely complex. Apart from irrigation, most drought risk management options have more than one goal and may potentially have negative trade-offs with other risk management objectives. Moreover, government regulations and market mechanisms influence farmers’ decision-making. However, previous studies, both in developed and in developing countries, have predominantly focused on attitudinal and structural influencing factors on farmers’ risk management behavior. In this paper, we comprehensively investigate farmers’ decision spaces with respect to drought risk management. We address two applied research questions: (1) What are farmers’ preferred drought risk management measures? (2) From a farmer’s perspective, what are the dominant factors influencing drought risk management decisions? We find that farmers primarily think of production-based rather than financial measures with respect to drought risk management. At the same time, natural and technical constraints and enabling factors dominate their mental decision space, followed by public and private institutional aspects. This research provides a basis for the design of integrated and holistic drought risk management policy and the drought risk governance needed for sustainable use of land and water resources such as needed to address systemic risks and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Moreover, we introduce a novel approach using mental models extracted from interviews to explore cognitive representations of farmers' decision spaces. This approach has the potential to complement mainstream research using standardized surveys and behavioral models to analyze drivers of risk management.

scholarly journals Towards a global-scale soil climate mitigation strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Amelung ◽  
D. Bossio ◽  
W. de Vries ◽  
I. Kögel-Knabner ◽  
J. Lehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Carbon Losses

Abstract Sustainable soil carbon sequestration practices need to be rapidly scaled up and implemented to contribute to climate change mitigation. We highlight that the major potential for carbon sequestration is in cropland soils, especially those with large yield gaps and/or large historic soil organic carbon losses. The implementation of soil carbon sequestration measures requires a diverse set of options, each adapted to local soil conditions and management opportunities, and accounting for site-specific trade-offs. We propose the establishment of a soil information system containing localised information on soil group, degradation status, crop yield gap, and the associated carbon-sequestration potentials, as well as the provision of incentives and policies to translate management options into region- and soil-specific practices.

Fragmentation of Australian rangelands: processes, benefits and risks of changing patterns of land use

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Stokes ◽  
R. R. J. McAllister ◽  
A. J. Ash
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Expected Benefits

Pastoral development of Australian rangelands has been accompanied by fragmentation of land use, which has changed the scale at which humans and livestock access patchily-distributed resources in landscapes. These changes have tended to be targeted towards achieving narrowly defined policy or land management objectives, and have ignored the broader consequences for land use. We describe the processes of rangeland fragmentation, the factors that have driven these changing patterns of land use, and current trends towards enterprise consolidation and intensification, which continue to reshape the way humans and livestock use rangelands. Although there is growing interest in intensified systems of rangeland management, some of the benefits are uncertain, and there are several risks that serve as a caution against overoptimism: (i) intensification involves multiple simultaneous changes to enterprise operations and the benefits and trade offs of each component need to be better understood; (ii) if intensification proceeds without addressing constraints to implementing these management options sustainably then overutilisation and degradation of rangelands is likely to occur; (iii) further fragmentation of rangelands (from increased internal fencing) could compromise potential benefits derived from landscape heterogeneity in connected landscapes. Adaptation by the pastoral industry continues to reshape the use of rangelands. A broad-based approach to changes in land use that incorporates risks together with expected benefits during initial planning decisions would contribute to greater resilience of rangeland enterprises.

Modeling trade-offs between fire threat reduction and late-seral forest structure

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2562-2574 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E Calkin ◽  
Susan Stevens Hummel ◽  
James K Agee
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Fire Threat ◽  
Landscape Level

Evaluating the effects of managing for one forest resource in terms of associated impacts on other resources is not easy. Yet methods to identify potential trade-offs among forest resources are necessary to inform people about the implications of management options on public land. This paper uses a case study from a forest reserve in the northwestern United States to quantify trade-offs between fire threat (FT) and late-seral forest (LSF) structure at stand and landscape levels. Simulation of forest dynamics was done with and without silvicultural treatments. A landscape optimization algorithm maximized FT reduction subject to constraints on amount of LSF structure and total area treated. Results suggest that compatibility between the two objectives is possible at the landscape level when LSF structure is about 45% or less of the total reserve area. Conflict can exist between them at the stand level and when more area is required to be in LSF structure in the reserve landscape.

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