Factors associated with home hazards: Findings from the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research study

Abstract Background The US vaccination schedule includes DTaP, IPV, Hib and HepB doses in the first 6 months of life. A previous analysis found variability in the timing of HepB doses in infants receiving DTaP-IPV/Hib. We explored factors associated with co-administration of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB on the same day. Methods This was a retrospective study using the MarketScan® commercial claims and encounters database. Infants born from 1 July 2010 - 30 June 2016, continuously enrolled in an insurance plan for ≥ 13 months and receiving ≥ 3 DTaP-IPV/Hib doses were included. Infants were assessed for HepB claims relative to the first and third DTaP-IPV/Hib doses. Because a HepB birth dose was assumed, the first HepB claim from 29 - 169 days following birth was counted as Dose 2, and the second claim from 170 days - 12 months as Dose 3. Associations between demographic, provider, and insurance characteristics, receipt of other pediatric vaccines, and co-administration of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results Among 165,553 infants who received a first DTaP-IPV/Hib dose, 60.7% received HepB Dose 2 on the same day. Among 162,217 infants who received a third DTaP-IPV/Hib dose, 45.1% received HepB Dose 3 on the same day. Infants in the Northeast were less likely (OR=0.38, 95%CI=0.36-0.39), while those in the West were more likely (OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.36-1.46) than infants in the South to receive the first dose of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB Dose 2 on the same day. Infants vaccinated by pediatricians (OR=0.54, 95%CI=0.53-0.55) were less likely to receive the first dose of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB Dose 2 on the same day compared to infants vaccinated by family physicians. Infants who received PCV on the same day as the first dose of DTaP-IPV/Hib were more likely to receive HepB Dose 2 (OR=6.96, 95%CI=6.30-7.70) that day. These factors were also associated with co-administration of the third dose of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB Dose 3. Conclusion Differences in co-administration of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB were associated with region of residence, provider type and co-administration of PCV. The reasons underlying these differences merit exploration. A hexavalent vaccine containing DTaP, IPV, Hib, and HepB could improve timeliness of HepB vaccination, while reducing the number of injections during infancy. Disclosures Tanaz Petigara, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Ya-Ting Chen, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Zhiwen Liu, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc., (Employee) Michelle Goveia, MD, Merck & Co., Inc (Employee, Shareholder) David Johnson, MD, MPH, Sanofi Pasteur (Employee, Shareholder) Gary S. Marshall, MD, GlaxoSmithKline (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Merck (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Pfizer (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Honorarium for conference lecture)Seqirus (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)

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798. Metronidazole Exposure Prior to Clostridiodes difficile Infection (CDI) is a Risk Factor for Severe C. difficile Disease in Cancer Patients

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.988 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S442-S443

Author(s):

Denise Marie A Francisco ◽

Liangliang Zhang ◽

Ying Jiang ◽

Adilene Olvera ◽

Eduardo Yepez Guevara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Research Study ◽

Research Support ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Study Investigator ◽

Severity Levels ◽

Permutation Analysis

Abstract Background Antibiotic use is a risk factor for CDI. Few studies have correlated use of prior antibiotics with CDI severity in cancer patients. This study identified clinical and microbiology risk factors associated with severe CDI in patients with cancer. We hypothesized that previous antibiotic exposure and microbiome composition at time of CDI presentation, are risk factors for severe disease in cancer patients. Methods This non-interventional, prospective, single-center cohort study examined patients with cancer who had their first episode or first recurrence of CDI between Oct 27, 2016 and Jul 1, 2019. C. difficile was identified using nucleic acid amplification testing. Multivariate analysis was used to determine significant clinical risk factors for severe CDI as defined in the 2018 IDSA/SHEA guidelines. Alpha, and beta diversities were calculated to measure the average species diversity and the overall microbial composition. Differential abundance analysis and progressive permutation analysis were used to single out the significant microbial features that differed across CDI severity levels. Results Patient (n=200) demographics show mean age of 60 yrs., 53% female, majority White (76%) and non-Hispanic (85%). Prior 90 day metronidazole use (Odds Ratio OR 4.68 [1.47-14.91] p0.009) was a significant risk factor for severe CDI. Other factors included Horn’s Index > 2 (OR 7.75 [1.05-57.35] p0.045), Leukocytosis (OR 1.29 [1.16-1.43] p< 0.001), Neutropenia (OR 6.01 [1.34-26.89] p0.019) and Serum Creatinine >0.95 mg/dL (OR 25.30 [8.08-79.17] p< 0.001). Overall, there were no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between severity levels. However, when identifying individual microbial features, the high presence of Bacteroides uniformis, Ruminococceae, Citrobacter koseri and Salmonella were associated with protection from severe CDI (p< 0.05). Table 1 - Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with severe CDI Figure 1. Microbiome features identified by progressive permutation analysis as seen in a volcano plot. Conclusion A number of risk factors for severe CDI were identified among this population, including prior 90 day metronidazole use. Also, increased relative abundance of Bacteroides uniformis, Ruminococceae, Citrobacter koseri and Salmonella were linked to protection from severe CDI. Reducing metronidazole use in patients with cancer may help prevent subsequent severe CDI. Disclosures Adilene Olvera, MPH MLS (ASCP), MERK (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator) Kevin W. Garey, PharmD, MS, FASHP, Merck & Co. (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator) Ryan J. Dillon, MSc, Merck & Co., Inc., (Employee) Engels N. Obi, PhD, Merck & Co. (Employee)

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Embedding employability within higher education for the profession of policing

Higher Education Skills and Work-based Learning ◽

10.1108/heswbl-06-2018-0061 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 319-328

Author(s):

Ian Pepper ◽

Ruth McGrath

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Research Study ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Content Type ◽

Educational Provision ◽

Professional Body ◽

The Impact ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of an employability module, the College of Policing Certificate in Knowledge of Policing (CKP), on students’ career aspirations, their confidence and wish to join the police along with the appropriateness of the module. This will inform the implementation of employability as part of the College of Policing-managed Police Education Qualifications Framework (PEQF). Design/methodology/approach A three-year longitudinal research study used mixed methods across four points in time to evaluate the impact on students studying the employability module. Findings The research suggests that the employability-focussed CKP was useful as an introduction to policing, it developed interest in the police and enhanced the confidence of learners applying to join. Lessons learnt from the CKP should be considered during the implementation of the PEQF. Research limitations/implications The ability to generalise findings across different groups is limited as other influences may impact on a learner’s confidence and employability. However, the implications for the PEQF curriculum are worthy of consideration. Practical implications As the police service moves towards standardised higher educational provision and evolution of policing as a profession, lessons can be learnt from the CKP with regards to the future employability of graduates. Originality/value Enhancing the employability evidence base, focussing on policing, the research identified aspects which may impact on graduates completing a degree mapped to the PEQF. The research is therefore of value to higher education and the professional body for policing.

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Bahraini nursing students’ attitudes: from student to nurse-A longitudinal research study

Journal of Nursing Education and Practice ◽

10.5430/jnep.v5n12p79 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eman Tawash ◽

Seamus Cowman

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Research Study ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Students Attitudes

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P60 Standardizing data collection by interviewers on a multi-site longitudinal research study

Controlled Clinical Trials ◽

10.1016/0197-2456(96)84680-0 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. S128-S129

Author(s):

Heidi E. Fischbach ◽

Cheryl Caswell ◽

Lucille Stonis ◽

Kathleen Weber ◽

Susan Holman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Research Study ◽

Longitudinal Research

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MeSHing with Medical Students: Effectiveness of Library Instruction Over Time— A Longitudinal Research Study

An Introduction to Instructional Services in Academic Libraries ◽

10.4324/9780203889367-25 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 243-256

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Research Study ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Library Instruction ◽

Over Time

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Barriers to e-Government Implementation in Jordan

International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction ◽

10.4018/jthi.2011040102 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 9-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christine Sarah Fidler ◽

Raed Kareem Kanaan ◽

Simon Rogerson

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Grounded Theory ◽

Research Study ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Research Approach ◽

Qualitative Research Study ◽

Root Cause

This paper identifies and highlights the significance of Wasta as a barrier to e-government implementation within The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and is part of a wider qualitative research study of all barriers. A longitudinal research approach was applied to explore any dynamism within the presence of barriers over a three year study, as well as to seek a richer understanding of such barriers. Data, principally collected via interviews with relevant stakeholders, was analysed using Strauss and Corbin’s variant of grounded theory. Using illustrative quotations primarily from interview transcripts, this paper enunciates the significant and persistent role that Wasta plays in hindering Jordan’s e-government implementation, both as an explicitly mentioned barrier and as cause of other barriers. The paper supports the view that culture is a root cause of e-government implementation difficulty, and that barriers vary with the different country settings in which e-government systems are embedded.

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