Combining DNA Barcoding and Chemical fingerprints to authenticate Lavender raw material

The Pikad Tri-phol-sa-mut-than (TS) remedy, a Thai traditional medicine, is officially recorded in Tamra Paetsart Sonkrau Chabub Anurak for its capabilities in treating kidney deficiency. TS remedy is composed of three fruit species—Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa., Coriandrum sativum L., and Morinda citrifolia L.—in an equal part by weight. The quality of the raw material is one of the essential factors that can affect the effectiveness and safety of treatment by herbal remedy. The pharmacognostic evaluation and DNA barcode of the three fruit species and TS remedy were performed in this study to authenticate them from contamination, and to provide the scientific database for further uses. Macroscopic and microscopic examination, chemical profile by TLC, and DNA barcoding were employed to positively identify the raw materials bought from the herbal market, especially the powder form. Consequently, the outcomes of this investigation can be used to develop an essential and effective tool for the authentication of crude drugs and herbal remedies.

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What Else Is in Salviae officinalis folium? Comprehensive Species Identification of Plant Raw Material by DNA Metabarcoding

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0043-121470 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 84 (06/07) ◽

pp. 428-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Corinna Schmiderer ◽

Brigitte Lukas ◽

Joana Ruzicka ◽

Johannes Novak

Keyword(s):

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Dna Barcoding ◽

Species Identification ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Raw Material ◽

Next Generation ◽

Additional Species ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 ◽

Dna Metabarcoding ◽

Generation Sequencing

AbstractQuality control of drugs consists of identifying the raw material to avoid unwanted admixtures or exchange of material as well as looking for abiotic and biotic contaminations. So far, identity and microbial contamination are analyzed by separate processes and separate methods. Species identification by their DNA (“DNA barcoding”) has the potential to supplement existing methods of identification. The introduction of next-generation sequencing methods offers completely new approaches like the identification of whole communities in one analysis, termed “DNA metabarcoding”. Here we present a next-generation sequencing assessment to identify plants and fungi of two commercial sage samples (Salvia officinalis) using the standard DNA barcoding region “internal transcribed spacer” consisting of internal transcribed spacer 1 and internal transcribed spacer 2, respectively. The main species in both samples was identified as S. officinalis. The spectrum of accompanying plant and fungal species, however, was completely different between the samples. Additionally, the composition between internal transcribed spacer 1 and internal transcribed spacer 2 within the samples was different and demonstrated the influence of primer selection and therefore the need for harmonization. This next-generation sequencing approach does not result in quantitative species composition but gives deeper insight into the composition of additional species. Therefore, it would allow for a better knowledge-based risk assessment than any other method available. However, the method is only economically feasible in routine analysis if a high sample throughput can be guaranteed.

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Single-Laboratory Validation of a Two-Tiered DNA Barcoding Method for Raw Botanical Identification

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/102.5.1435 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 1435-1447 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhengfei Lu ◽

Christopher M Thompson ◽

Tiffany Chua ◽

Silva Babajanian ◽

Yanjun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Barcoding ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Dna Barcode ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Regulatory Compliance ◽

Raw Material ◽

Animal Products ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Wide Range

Abstract Background: The applications of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding methods have been extended from authenticating taxonomic provenance of animal products to identifying botanicals used as herbal medicine and in botanical dietary supplements. DNA barcoding methods for botanical identification must be adequately validated to meet regulatory compliance. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide a validation protocol for a two-tiered DNA barcoding method that aims to identify raw botanicals. Methods: A barcode database was computationally validated to define the barcode combinations that can unambiguously identify botanicals in the database. A maximum variation sampling technique was used to capture a wide range of perspectives relating to DNA barcode-based botanical identification, including plant parts and species distance, for the experimental validation. Twenty-two authenticated botanicals were purposively sampled from different plant parts—covering both closely related and distantly related species—to validate the two-tiered DNA barcoding method. The performance of the method was assessed on accuracy, precision, ruggedness, and uncertainty. Results: High accuracy (100%) and precision (1.0) were obtained from the validation samples. The method was also found to be rugged and have acceptable uncertainty. Conclusions: The method was validated and suitable for DNA-based identification of botanical raw materials listed in the current database. Highlights: This work will provide support guidance for manufacturers and regulatory policy makers to implement equivalent validated and compliant DNA-based testing in quality control processes to improve botanical raw material identification and authentication.

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Identification of Obsidian Sources on Milos, Greece

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece ◽

10.12681/bgsg.18559 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Johannes H Sterba ◽

Fabienne Eder ◽

Max Bichler

Keyword(s):

Neutron Activation Analysis ◽

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Volcanic Glass ◽

Raw Material ◽

Long Distance ◽

Trade Routes ◽

Chemical Fingerprint ◽

Chemical Fingerprints ◽

Ancient Times

Obsidian, a natural volcanic glass, was used extensively in ancient times because of its quality as a raw material for sharp blades. As such, obsidian is of high interest for provenancing studies, since reliable provenancing can provide information about trade routes, extension of territory, long-distance contacts and the mobility of prehistoric peoples. In general, well-established databases of the characteristic elemental composition, the chemical fingerprint, are needed for reliable provenancing. On Milos Island, two sources of raw obsidian, namely Agia Nychia (Cape Bombarda) and Demenegakion are known. Recent literature claims a third source close to Agios Ioannis. In a sampling expedition with the goal to complete the Atominstitut’s database on the chemical fingerprints of obsidian, samples at Agios Ioannis were collected to include this new source. At the location, 16 scattered samples were taken for analysis, even though no direct outcrop could be identified. On the nearby island Kimolos, several more samples were found. Using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), the chemical fingerprint of the samples was measured and compared to the values in the database. All samples from Agios Ioannis were identified as either from Demenegakion or Agia Nychia, indicating that no further source of obsidian exists at the location.

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Chemical Fingerprints for PM2.5 in the Ambient Air near a Raw Material Storage Site for Iron Ore, Coal, Limestone, and Sinter

Aerosol and Air Quality Research ◽

10.4209/aaqr.200624 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Kavita Justus Mutuku ◽

Yen-Yi Lee ◽

Guo-Ping Chang-Chien ◽

Sheng-Lun Lin ◽

Wei-Hsin Chen

Keyword(s):

Iron Ore ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Raw Material ◽

Storage Site ◽

Chemical Fingerprints

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Mental representation of economic crisis in Italian and Swiss samples 1The authors would like to thank Maurizio Mistri for his help in the construction of items. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Murst (ex 40%).

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024//1421-0185.60.1.11 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 11-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lucia Savadori ◽

Eraldo Nicotra ◽

Rino Rumiati ◽

Roberto Tamborini

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Mental Representation ◽

Mental Representations ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Raw Material ◽

National Context ◽

Cluster Procedure ◽

Total N ◽

Two Samples ◽

Important Symptom

The content and structure of mental representation of economic crises were studied and the flexibility of the structure in different social contexts was tested. Italian and Swiss samples (Total N = 98) were compared with respect to their judgments as to how a series of concrete examples of events representing abstract indicators were relevant symptoms of economic crisis. Mental representations were derived using a cluster procedure. Results showed that the relevance of the indicators varied as a function of national context. The growth of unemployment was judged to be by far the most important symptom of an economic crisis but the Swiss sample judged bankruptcies as more symptomatic than Italians who considered inflation, raw material prices and external accounts to be more relevant. A different clustering structure was found for the two samples: the locations of unemployment and gross domestic production indicators were the main differences in representations.

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