Opting in to Opt out? Emigration and Group Participation in Albania

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Cattaneo
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Empirical Estimation ◽  
Group Participation ◽  
Social Organizations ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
The Family ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

The objective of this paper is to determine whether the participation in social organizations represents a complement or a substitute with respect to international emigration. To address this research question, an instrumental variable approach is used, as group participation and international migration are potentially jointly determined. This is the case if the family considers emigration and group participation as alternative strategies to cope with uncertainty or a liquidity need, or alternatively when the family decides to invest in group participation in order to gain information helpful to emigrate. The results of the empirical estimation reveal that families participating in social organizations are more likely to migrate internationally and therefore social networks act as a complement for emigration. This may indicate that families recourse to social networks in order to collect important information that facilitates international migration.

A Sibling-Pair Analysis for Causal Effect of Education on Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Bai ◽  
Yanjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Family Background ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Pair Analysis ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

Abstract This paper examines the causal effect of education on long-run physical health, using survey data on matched siblings. By adopting a sibling-differences strategy, we are able to obtain estimates that are not biased by unobserved genetic factors and family background which affect both education and health. To address the potential endogenous shocks that affect siblings differently within the family, we further employ an instrumental variable approach by exploiting a profound disturbance in the education system during the Cultural Revolution in China. The within-sibling estimates suggest that an additional year of schooling is found to be positively related to health status later in life (better self-reported health, lower probability of feeling uncomfortable, getting chronic diseases, and being underweight). We also unravel the potential roles of income and cognition in the effects of education on health.

International Remittances and Private Healthcare in Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
Mohd Imran Khan ◽  
Valatheeswaran C.
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Private Healthcare ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

The inflow of international remittances to Kerala has been increasing over the last three decades. It has increased the income of recipient households and enabled them to spend more on human capital investment. Using data from the Kerala Migration Survey-2010, this study analyses the impact of remittance receipts on the households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare in Kerala. This study employs an instrumental variable approach to account for the endogeneity of remittances receipts. The empirical results show that remittance income has a positive and significant impact on households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare services. After disaggregating the sample into different heterogeneous groups, this study found that remittances have a greater effect on lower-income households and Other Backward Class (OBC) households but not Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) households, which remain excluded from reaping the benefit of international migration and remittances.

Family Traditions as a Condition for Socialization of Young Generation (Based on a Sample of Tuva Republic)

2021 ◽  
pp. 106648072110007
Author(s):  
Valentina Maryuhina
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social Entities ◽  
Regional Programs

The purpose of this study is to regard the family traditions of a present-day Tuvan family as a precondition for the successful socialization of younger generations. We conducted a sociological survey to identify the significance of family traditions in the process of upbringing children. For this, 148 married couples, who had children under 18 years old, participated in the survey. A sociological research questionnaire was compiled and presented on the platform www.survey.yandex.ru : The questions were created on the website and distributed among the target audience through social networks. The respondents were asked 15 questions of both open-ended and close-ended types. The results of the study can be used while developing regional programs to support young families as well as an aspect of the family’s ability to educate the young generation. Moreover, the practical application of the results is possible in enhancing the activities of existing social entities while organizing events to maintain a respectful attitude to family traditions.

Entrepreneurship, Broadband, and Gender: Evidence from Establishment Births in Rural America

2021 ◽  
pp. 016001762110187
Author(s):  
Tessa Conroy ◽  
Sarah A. Low
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Broadband Access ◽  
Rural America ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Business Size ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

Broadband access may have important implications for establishment births in rural areas, which feature thinner markets. Broadband may be especially important for rural nonemployer businesses, particularly those without a storefront, for access to nontraditional market channels. As women are more likely to run these types of small businesses, we further expect that broadband may have important implications for women-led businesses. With an effective instrumental variable approach, we find evidence that broadband access is a key factor leading to a higher establishment birth rate across business size and gender in rural areas. This paper identifies the largest effects on nonemployer, women-led and remote rural establishments.

Changing family model, social capital and caring: how to reconcile? the case of Lithuania

2013 ◽  
pp. 75-105
Author(s):  
Vida Cesnuityte
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Family Practices ◽  
Mother’S Day ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Family Models

The aim of the research presented in the paper is to explore the inter-relations between care processes and personal social networks as social capital in the light of the changing family models. Research of interdependence of care, social capital and family models is based on the idea of family practices suggested by Morgan. The main research question is what family practices of various family models create such social capital that ensure caring for its' members? The research hypothesis is that participation in various activities together with family members and persons beyond nuclear and extended family create dense social networks of caregivers. The analysis is based on data of representative quantitative survey carried out in Lithuania between 2011 November-2012 May within the ESF supported research project "Trajectories of family models and social networks: intergenerational perspective". Research results only partly support this hypothesis: particular family practices create networks of caregivers, but in order to involve particular persons into network of caregivers, different family practices in various family models are needed. Usually, inhabitants of Lithuania primarily expect to receive care from persons who depend to nuclear family created through marriage and extended family arisen from this relation. But persons from whom it is expected to receive care and care received differ in Lithuania. In reality, caregivers usually are children in families with children and parents in families without children. Family practices that create social networks of caregivers, and are common for all family models include annual feasts like Christmas Eve, Christmas, Easter, All Soul's Day, New Year party, Mother's Day. Various family practices differently impacting creation social networks of caregivers for different family models but usually its include joint dinner daily, Sunday lunch together, vacations with family, communication face-toface, by the telephone or Internet, consultations on important decision-making, All Soul's Day feast, Christmas celebration, Mother's Day, Gatherings of relatives, Birthday, Name-day feast, visiting cultural event together.

scholarly journals Errors-in-Variables Identification in Dynamic Networks by an Instrumental Variable Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 2335-2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Dankers ◽  
Paul M.J. Van den Hof ◽  
Xavier Bombois ◽  
Peter S.C. Heuberger
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Errors In Variables ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

Migration to the Gulf States and China: Local Perspectives from Cameroon

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tatah ◽  
Michaela Pelican
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Far East ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Migration Internationale ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
Majeure Partie ◽  
Local Perspectives

Abstract This contribution discusses local perspectives on international migration with a focus on South-South and South-East migration, namely from Cameroon to the Gulf States and to China. The report is based on a joint research project involving anthropologists and students of the Universities of Zurich, Yaoundé and Douala. As in many African countries, international migration has become a major concern for large parts of the population of Cameroon. While western countries still feature as preferred destinations, many Cameroonians have turned to other, more easily accessible options within the South. Popular destinations are countries within Africa as well as the Near and Far East. In all these migration enterprises the family plays a crucial role, both in the preparation of the journey and with regard to transnational exchange relations. For Muslim migrants, religion may be a significant factor influencing their choice of destination besides other considerations, such as economic and educational incentives. Cette contribution examine les perspectives locales sur la migration internationale avec un accent sur la migration Sud-Sud et sur la migration Sud-Est, à savoir du Cameroun aux Etats du Golfe et à la Chine. Le rapport est basé sur un projet de recherche impliquant des anthropologues et des étudiants des universités de Zurich, Yaoundé et Douala. Comme dans beaucoup de pays africains, la migration internationale est devenue un souci majeur pour la majeure partie de la population camerounaise. Tandis que les pays occidentaux figurent toujours comme les destinations préférées, beaucoup de Camerounais se tournent vers des pays plus accessibles dans le Sud. Les destinations populaires sont les pays africains et l'Extrême et Proche Orient. Dans toutes ces stratégies de migration la famille joue un rôle crucial, tant dans la préparation du voyage qu'en ce qui concerne les relations d'échange transnationales. Pour les migrants musulmans, la religion peut être un facteur significatif influençant le choix de la destination en plus d'autres considérations, comme des motivations économiques et éducatives.

scholarly journals RESPONS ANAK-ANAK MIGRAN TERHADAP MIGRASI INTERNASIONAL DI PERDESAAN PONOROGO

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Purwatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Household Economy ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Family ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
The Impact

Children being left behind by their parents whose migrating are vulnerable to face social problems. Several studies noted the negative impact on migration on the children, but some positive impact on the household prosperity were gained as well. Even though it has the negative impact, international migration has an increasing tendency to become one of the efforts to boost the household economy. This article uses data from CHAMPSEA (Child Health and Migrant Parents in South East Asia) Study which underlined the importance to know the child’s condition as the impact of international migration phenomena towards the family they left behind. Study showed that children being left by migrated parents, especially fathers, gave more positive responses, but those being left by mothers or both of the parents gave more negative responses. Nevertheless, those children apparently had desire to do migration abroad just as their parents did. Apparently the surrounding of the migrants and the better economy of migrant households had in uenced the children to do migration and work abroad as well. 

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