Changing family model, social capital and caring: how to reconcile? the case of Lithuania

2013 ◽  
pp. 75-105
Author(s):  
Vida Cesnuityte
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Family Practices ◽  
Mother’S Day ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Family Models

The aim of the research presented in the paper is to explore the inter-relations between care processes and personal social networks as social capital in the light of the changing family models. Research of interdependence of care, social capital and family models is based on the idea of family practices suggested by Morgan. The main research question is what family practices of various family models create such social capital that ensure caring for its' members? The research hypothesis is that participation in various activities together with family members and persons beyond nuclear and extended family create dense social networks of caregivers. The analysis is based on data of representative quantitative survey carried out in Lithuania between 2011 November-2012 May within the ESF supported research project "Trajectories of family models and social networks: intergenerational perspective". Research results only partly support this hypothesis: particular family practices create networks of caregivers, but in order to involve particular persons into network of caregivers, different family practices in various family models are needed. Usually, inhabitants of Lithuania primarily expect to receive care from persons who depend to nuclear family created through marriage and extended family arisen from this relation. But persons from whom it is expected to receive care and care received differ in Lithuania. In reality, caregivers usually are children in families with children and parents in families without children. Family practices that create social networks of caregivers, and are common for all family models include annual feasts like Christmas Eve, Christmas, Easter, All Soul's Day, New Year party, Mother's Day. Various family practices differently impacting creation social networks of caregivers for different family models but usually its include joint dinner daily, Sunday lunch together, vacations with family, communication face-toface, by the telephone or Internet, consultations on important decision-making, All Soul's Day feast, Christmas celebration, Mother's Day, Gatherings of relatives, Birthday, Name-day feast, visiting cultural event together.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial networking differences: An ethnic in-group and out-group analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Urban
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Entrepreneurial Networking

Orientation: Researching entrepreneurship using a network perspective is important, as social networks are assets for small business owners struggling to survive in competitive markets.Research purpose: The research question of this study has focused on what we can learn about entrepreneurial networking, considering that there is an under-explored and unarticulated set of networking principles and practices which have not been previously analysed in terms of a multiethnic country context.Motivation for the study: Often the lack of network use is reported as a feature of entrepreneurs, who have less opportunity to utilise formal social capital features. Social networks provided by extended family, community-based or organisational relationships are often theorised to supplement the effects of education, experience and financial capital.Research design, approach and method: Based on hypothesised differences in networking ties, network assistance and support relationships, a survey was used to collect data on quantitative measures. Descriptive statistics were calculated and differential tests were conducted to test the hypotheses.Main findings: Results indicate that entrepreneurial networking is largely independent on group composition. Generally at least some aspects of networking are generic and as a consequence, a more integrated view of networking can be adopted.Practical/managerial implications: The practical value of the present study points to several areas of interest to entrepreneurs, policy makers and educators, through demonstrating the multifaceted nature of entrepreneurial networks for different groups and their explanatory potential in understanding networking.Contribution/value-add: Despite the importance of entrepreneurial networking, little empirical or theoretical research has examined the dynamics of networking in a developing country context such as South Africa, which has lower than expected total entrepreneurship activity.

scholarly journals Social Capital Phenomenology Study among People Who Treat A Mental Disorder Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriesti Herdaetha ◽  
◽  
Aris Sudiyanto ◽  
RB Sumanto ◽  
Endang Sutisna Suleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Doctoral Program ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Central Java

ABSTRACT Background: It’s a stressor to have a family of mental illnesses. Financial, social, psychological, and physical burdens are created by looking after people with mental disorders. For the patient, the family is the informal caregiver. It is important to discuss, with a great burden, how social capital can be developed and how the role of social capital is played in treating people with mental disorders. The research was carried out on Javanese individuals who have a cultural structure that prioritizes the importance of peace in collective life. Not only the nuclear family, but also the extended family and the larger community are active in the life of Javanese society. This study aimed to describe the social capital phenomenology study among people who treat mental disorder caregivers. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study using a phenomenological study approach. The study was carried out in Surakarta City, Central Java, in September and October 2019. These study subjects were people who were carers for people with mental disorders. The sample was taken using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and observation. Qualitative data analysis was obtained by means of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification. Data reliability was carried out using NVivo 12 software. Data validity was done by matching the results of interviews with observations, as well as multiple interviews. Results: Data was collected from four respondents with different demographic backgrounds. Six themes were obtained, namely 1) trust in God, government, family, and neighbors; 2) The role of family and neighbors in seeking help; 3) The role of family and neighbors in caring for patients; 4) building social networks; 5) Participation in society; and 6) Social capital is dynamic. Conclusion: The respondents are found to have the same social cognitive capital, but different social structural capital. The level of education, the economic level, self-esteem, and the behavior of people with mental disorders are influenced by structural social capital. Family and neighbors can have a positive or negative role in looking after people with mental disorders. They also play a role in the decision to seek assistance for individuals with mental disorders. Keywords: mental disorders, carers, social capital Correspondence: Adriesti Herdaetha. Doctoral Program of Community Development / Empowerment, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +628122582995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.40

scholarly journals FAMILY BASED SOCIAL CAPITAL IN HANDLING OF COVID-19 PREVENTION IN BLITAR DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Kusnul Khotimah ◽  
Sarmini Sarmini ◽  
Ali Imron
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Community Solidarity ◽  
Response Phase ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village

Indonesia is currently entering a non-natural disaster emergency response phase in the coronavirus pandemic case (Covid-19). Handling during this crisis will determine whether the number of positive cases of Covid-19 will continue to increase or be controlled. Community solidarity can move the Indonesian people together against Covid-19. Finally, social capital is expected to be a social weapon to overcome the Covid-19 disaster. Based on the phenomena written in the background of the problems mentioned above, this study will examine comprehensively and integrated with encouraging the creation of a model of strengthening family-based social capital in dealing with the prevention of Covid-19. This study uses qualitative research methods, the presentation of data from this study uses a descriptive format. The results of this study are social capital in the form of cooperation and participation between citizens so far as a form of social interaction that is beneficial for the prevention of Covid-19 prevention. The village government develops village innovation by calling Endhong Indhit Village, which is to help one another, cooperation among citizens with the dominance of nuclear family and extended family. The purpose of Endhong Indhit Village is that no residents will be disturbed during this pandemic.

INITIAL STEP OF SPECIALIZED CORPORA BUILDING: CLEANING PROCEDURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Yakubson ◽  
Victor Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Text Processing ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Linguistic Annotation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Future Work

This paper deals with the specialized corpora building, specifically academic language corpus in the biotechnology field. Being a part of larger research devoted to creation and usage of specialized parallel corpus, this piece aims to analyze the initial step of corpus building. Our main research question was what procedures we need to implement to the texts before using them to develop the corpus. Analysis of previous research showed the significant quantity of papers devoted to corpora creation, including academic specialized corpora. Different sides of the process were analyzed in these researches, including the types of texts used, the principles of crawling, the recommended length of texts etc. As to the text processing for the needs of corpora creation, only the linguistic annotation issues were examined earlier. At the same time, the preliminary cleaning of texts before their usage in corpora may have significant influence on the corpus quality and its utility for the linguistic research. In this paper, we considered three small corpora derived from the same set of academic texts in the biotechnology field: “raw” corpus without any preliminary cleaning and two corpora with different level of cleaning. Using different Sketch Engine tools, we analyzed these corpora from the position of their future users, predominantly as sources for academic wordlists and specialized multi-word units. The conducted research showed very little difference between two cleaned corpora, meaning that only basic cleaning procedures such as removal of reference lists are can be useful in corpora design. At the same time, we found a significant difference between raw and cleaned corpora and argue that this difference can affect the quality of wordlists and multi-word terms extraction, therefore these cleaning procedures are meaningful. The main limitation of the study is that all texts were taken from the unique source, so the conclusions could be affected by this specific journal’s peculiarities. Therefore, the future work should be the verification of results on different text collections

THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION’S APPROACH TO ENERGY SECURITY IN POLAND AND THE BALTIC STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1/2020) ◽  
pp. 33-67
Author(s):  
Olga Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Realist Theory ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Baltic

The subject of this paper encompasses US policy towards Poland and the Baltic States regarding energy security during Donald Trump’s presidency. It is discernible that vast domestic energy resources have created an opportunity for the US to project more power to these countries, and the surrounding region. We argue that Trump and his administration’s perceptions have served as an intervening variable in that opportunity assessment, in accordance with the neoclassical realist theory. The main research question addressed in this paper is whether US has used that opportunity to contribute to energy security in countries it has traditionally deemed as allies. Two aspects of US approach to energy security of the designated countries are taken into consideration: liquified natural gas exports and support for the Three Seas Initiative. The way Trump presented his policy and its results in his public statements has also been considered in this paper. The article will proceed as follows. The first subsection of the paper represents a summary of energy security challenges in Poland and the Baltic States. The second subsection is dedicated to the opportunity for the US to project energy power and to Trump’s perceptions relevant for the opportunity assessment. The third subsection deals with American LNG exports to these countries as a possible way for contributing to energy security in Poland and the Baltic States. The last part of the paper addresses the Three Seas Initiative and US approach to this platform.

Living with grandparents: Multi-generational families and the academic performance of grandchildren in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 2057150X2110283
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Yuxiao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Single Parent Families

Previous studies on social stratification and intergenerational mobility have mostly focused on the effects of parents on their children’s socioeconomic status (SES) attainment, but less attention has been paid to the important role played by grandparents in the life chances of their grandchildren, and its underlying mechanism. By analyzing a national survey sample data of junior high school students in China, this study examines the influence factors of living with grandparents and their effect on the academic performance of adolescents, and the intermediate mechanism. The study finds that (a) three-generation cohabitation occurs when there is a functional need for the nuclear family, and children with lower SES, working mothers, or single-parent families are more likely to experience cohabitation between grandparents and grandchildren; (b) living with grandparents has significant positive effects on adolescents’ academic performance after controlling for other factors; (c) the effect of living with grandparents is moderated by the family’s SES and family structure, and students from lower-SES or single-parent families benefit more from living with grandparents; and (d) living with grandparents to a certain extent benefits grandchildren’s academic performance by enhancing family social capital investment. Households in which grandparents cohabit invest significantly more in the social capital of children than those who do not have grandparents cohabiting. The results of this study show that in modern society, family kinship networks still play a very important role in the status attainment and social mobility of individuals. Therefore, scholars should pay more attention to the important role of extended families in social stratification and mobility and its micro-mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effects of exposure to immersive videos and photo slideshows of forest and urban environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Mostajeran ◽  
Jessica Krzikawski ◽  
Frank Steinicke ◽  
Simone Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Jail Inmates ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
Hospital Patients

AbstractA large number of studies have demonstrated the benefits of natural environments on people’s health and well-being. For people who have limited access to nature (e.g., elderly in nursing homes, hospital patients, or jail inmates), virtual representations may provide an alternative to benefit from the illusion of a natural environment. For this purpose and in most previous studies, conventional photos of nature have been used. Immersive virtual reality (VR) environments, however, can induce a higher sense of presence compared to conventional photos. Whether this higher sense of presence leads to increased positive impacts of virtual nature exposure is the main research question of this study. Therefore, we compared exposure to a forest and an urban virtual environment in terms of their respective impact on mood, stress, physiological reactions, and cognition. The environments were presented via a head-mounted display as (1) conventional photo slideshows or (2) 360$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ videos. The results show that the forest environment had a positive effect on cognition and the urban environment disturbed mood regardless of the mode of presentation. In addition, photos of either urban or forest environment were both more effective in reducing physiological arousal compared to immersive 360$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ videos.

Reversing the flow of short-term missions within a partnership model: Perceptual outcomes

2020 ◽  
pp. 009182962097237
Author(s):  
Simone Mulieri Twibell
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Partnership Model ◽  
And Function ◽  
Bidirectional Flow ◽  
The Church

Short-term missions provide opportunities for the formation of cross-cultural relationships and joint evangelistic endeavors. Scholars have challenged the typical unidirectional nature of short-term mission and partnership efforts, advocating for a more bidirectional flow of resources. This article analyzes the dynamics of reverse short-term missions with the goal of understanding their contributions from the perspective of the American hosts. The author suggests that reverse short-term missions bridge social capital across social networks and function as “networks of invigoration” by bringing information benefits to their hosts. These types of exchanges have the potential to help the American church reinterpret familiar experiences and see the mission of the church in a new way. Five perceptual outcomes are identified: alteration of perspectives; service opportunities for the hosts; renewal of spiritual commitments; first-hand exposure to a different culture; and contact with faith-mission models.

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