The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in HIV-positive individuals in the UK - trends in HCV testing and the impact of HCV on HIV treatment outcomes

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Turner ◽  
L. Bansi ◽  
R. Gilson ◽  
B. Gazzard ◽  
J. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Treatment Outcomes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hcv Testing

Testing for Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Adults Aged ≥18 in the United States, 2013-2017

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110472
Author(s):  
Hope King ◽  
J. E. Soh ◽  
William W. Thompson ◽  
Jessica Rogers Brown ◽  
Karina Rapposelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Hcv Testing

Objective Approximately 2.4 million people in the United States are living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The objective of our study was to describe demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, liver disease–related risk factors, and modifiable health behaviors associated with self-reported testing for HCV infection among adults. Methods Using data on adult respondents aged ≥18 from the 2013-2017 National Health Interview Survey, we summarized descriptive data on sociodemographic characteristics and liver disease–related risk factors and stratified data by educational attainment. We used weighted logistic regression to examine predictors of HCV testing. Results During the study period, 11.7% (95% CI, 11.5%-12.0%) of adults reported ever being tested for HCV infection. Testing was higher in 2017 than in 2013 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.18-1.36). Adults with ≥some college were significantly more likely to report being tested (aOR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.52-1.69) than adults with ≤high school education. Among adults with ≤high school education (but not adults with ≥some college), those who did not have health insurance were less likely than those with private health insurance (aOR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68-0.89) to get tested, and non–US-born adults were less likely than US-born adults to get tested (aOR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.68-0.87). Conclusions Rates of self-reported HCV testing increased from 2013 to 2017, but testing rates remained low. Demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and liver disease–related risk factors may affect HCV testing rates among adults. HCV testing must increase to achieve hepatitis C elimination targets.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: sustained rising incidence in Antwerp, Belgium, 2001–2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Bottieau ◽  
L Apers ◽  
M Van Esbroeck ◽  
M Vandenbruaene ◽  
E Florence
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Sex With Men

During the last decade, outbreaks of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been reported among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in several European countries. To study this emerging infection in MSM in Antwerp, Belgium, we reviewed all cases of newly acquired HCV infection in HIV-positive MSM followed from 2001 to 2009 at the HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) reference clinic of the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp. Newly acquired HCV infection was considered as certain or probable according to local definitions. During the study period, 69 episodes of newly acquired HCV infection (40 certain and 29 probable) were diagnosed in 67 HIV-infected MSM. In only 10 episodes (14%) were the patients symptomatic. The annual incidence of HCV infection in our population of HIV-infected MSM rose steadily from 0.2% in 2001 to 1.51% in 2008, and then peaked to 2.9% in 2009. For 60 episodes (87%), another STI (mainly syphilis and lymphogranuloma venereum) had been diagnosed within the six months before the diagnosis of HCV infection. All but one patient with available genotyping (n=54) were found to be infected with the difficult-to-treat HCV genotypes 1 or 4. Our results therefore demonstrate the rising incidence of HCV infection in HIV-positive MSM in Antwerp, since 2001, which reached an alarming level in 2009. Targeted awareness campaigns and routine screening are urgently needed to limit further HCV spread and its expected long-term consequences.

scholarly journals Sentinel surveillance of HIV and hepatitis C virus in two urban emergency departments

CJEM ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Houston ◽  
Brian H. Rowe ◽  
Laura Mashinter ◽  
Jutta Preiksaitis ◽  
Mark Joffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

ABSTRACTObjectives:This study was designed to determine the prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a specific population, and to distinguish between known and previously unrecognized infections in the emergency department (ED) setting.Methods:Consecutive patients aged 15 to 54 years who had presented to the EDs of 2 urban hospitals during a 6-week period were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study if a complete blood count had been obtained as part of their care. The study patients were initially cross-referenced against local databases of known HIV and HCV seropositive patients. After removal of all personal identifiers, the study patients’ leftover blood was serotested for HIV and HCV, and seroprevalences were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with HIV and HCV infection.Results:Of 3057 individuals whose files were analyzed, 1457 (48%) were male and 7% (213) were Aboriginal. Overall, 302 patients (10%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9%–11%) were seropositive for HCV and, of these, only 132 (44%) were previously known to be. HCV seropositivity was associated with Aboriginal status, age, male gender, hospital site and HIV infection (allp< 0.001). In contrast, 39 patients (1%; 95% CI, 1%–2%) were HIV seropositive. Of these, 32 (82%) were previously known to be HIV positive, and 27 (69%) were HCV seropositive. HIV seropositivity was only associated with HCV infection (p< 0.001).Conclusions:The rate of previously undetected infections was relatively low for HIV but high for HCV. Emergency physicians in urban settings will frequently encounter patients not known to be HCV positive and not identified as such. These results emphasize the need for more effective preventive measures in the community and the importance of observing standard (universal) precautions in ED practice.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus enhances Rubicon expression, leading to autophagy inhibition and intracellular innate immune activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuto Shiode ◽  
Hayato Hikita ◽  
Satoshi Tanaka ◽  
Kumiko Shirai ◽  
Akira Doi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Abstract Autophagy, a degradation system, works to maintain cellular homeostasis. However, as the impact of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on hepatocyte autophagy and its effect on HCV replication remain unclear, we examined them. HCV infection suppressed late-stage autophagy and increased Rubicon. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Rubicon promoted autophagy in HCV-infected cells. In Huh-7 cells harbouring the HCV replicon, Rubicon knockdown downregulated the expression of type 1 interferon (IFN)-related genes and upregulated HCV replication. Rubicon overexpression or administration of bafilomycin A1 or chloroquine, an inhibitor of late-stage autophagy, suppressed autophagy and activated the type 1 IFN pathway. On the other hand, Atg7 knockout suppressed early-stage autophagy and did not activate the type 1 IFN pathway. In livers of humanized liver chimeric mice, HCV infection increased Rubicon and enhanced type 1 IFN signalling. Elimination of HCV in the mice reduced the increase in Rubicon due to HCV infection. The expression levels of Rubicon and IFN-stimulated genes in chronic hepatitis C patients were higher than those in non-B, non-C hepatitis patients. HCV infection increased Rubicon and suppressed hepatocyte autophagy, leading to activation of the intracellular immune response. Rubicon induction is involved in HCV replication via activation of the intracellular immune response.

Universal Sustained Viral Response to the Combination of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir with/without Ribavirin in Patients on Hemodialysis Infected with Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes 1 and 4

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Abad ◽  
Almudena Vega ◽  
Eduardo Hernández ◽  
Evangelina Mérida ◽  
Patricia de Sequera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Sustained Viral Response ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Viral Response ◽  
The Impact

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly prevalent among patients on hemodialysis (HD) and is associated with poor prognosis. Treatment with interferon and ribavirin is poorly tolerated, and few data are available on the impact of new direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). This study was intended to analyze the efficacy and safety of treatment with a combination of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir with/without ribavirin in HCV-infected patients on HD from 3 hospitals. Methods: This is a multicentric study. We analyze the clinical course of all patients on HD with HCV infection who had been treated with the combination of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir in 3 hospitals in Madrid, Spain. All patients under treatment had undergone Transient elastography (FibroScan®) and HCV RNA (PCR) and HCV genotype were determined simultaneously. Results: Thirty-five patients aged 53.3 ± 8.9 years (68.6% males) and with genotypes 1 and 4 were treated with the DAA regimen, and 17 were also given ribavirin. The most common etiology was glomerular disease. Sustained viral response was achieved in 100% of patients. Adverse effects were negligible, and no patient had to discontinue treatment. The most significant side effect was anemia, which led to a significant increase in the dose of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. Anemia was more marked in patients receiving ribavirin. No patients required transfusions. Conclusion: A combination of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir with/without ribavirin for the treatment of HCV in patients on HD is highly effective and causes minimal side effects. This regimen represents a major advance in disease management. A considerable improvement in prognosis seems likely.

Use and acceptability of salivary hepatitis C virus testing in an English Young Offender Institution

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1234-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Candfield ◽  
Mannampallil I Samuel ◽  
David Ritchie ◽  
Candice McDonald ◽  
Michael Brady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Young Offender ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Hcv Testing

People held in prison are at a high risk of having hepatitis C virus (HCV) and there is a public health drive in the UK to increase HCV testing in prisons and Young Offender Institutions (YOIs), with opt-out testing. There is an oral antibody test for HCV; this project aims to determine its acceptability in an English YOI setting. This project offered HCV oral point-of-care testing (POCT) using the OraQuick® test to 107 male young offenders attending a sexual health service at an English YOI, monitoring HCV positivity and evaluating acceptability. It also investigated young offenders’ histories of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and drug use. Mean age was 19.1 years. A total of 80.4% reported lifetime drug use and 0.9% reported lifetime drug injection. A total of 19.6% reported previous STIs. One patient (0.9%) was positive for HCV on OraQuick® testing. All patients found the POCT acceptable and one stated he would have refused a fingerprick test had it been the only test available for HCV testing. Salivary rapid HCV testing is acceptable among English YOI inmates. It is not as sensitive or specific as standard HCV tests and is more expensive. In our cohort, HCV positivity was low.

scholarly journals Addressing the disease burden of vertically-acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among opioid-exposed infants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Protopapas ◽  
Liza Bronner Murrison ◽  
Scott L Wexelblatt ◽  
Jason T Blackard ◽  
Eric S Hall
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Risk Infants ◽  
Urine Testing ◽  
Hcv Testing

Abstract Purpose This study aims to estimate the disease burden of vertically-acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a large Midwestern hospital; and to identify factors associated with HCV diagnostic testing among high-risk infants. Methods Retrospective analysis of an infant cohort (n=58,427) born from 2014-2016 in the Greater Cincinnati region, where universal maternal urine testing is conducted at delivery to assess for intrauterine drug exposure (IUDE). Demographics and birth characteristics were analyzed among high-risk infants to identify factors associated with receiving HCV testing. A nested matched case-control analysis examined the association of pediatric HCV infection and IUDE. Results The HCV prevalence rate among high-risk infants who received testing was 3.6-5.2% of births. Approximately 66.7% of maternally-acquired HCV infections may be missed using current testing recommendations. Prenatal care had no significant effect (aOR 1.2 [95%CI 0.4-3.5]) on the odds of a high-risk infant receiving HCV testing. Opioid-exposed cases had an over 6-fold increase in the odds of HCV infection (aOR 6.2 [95%CI 2.3-16.6]) compared to non-opioid exposed infants. Conclusions IUDE was significantly associated with increased odds of pediatric HCV infection in this population. The gaps in pediatric HCV testing identified in this study, despite known risk level and maternal infection, suggest the need for increased focus on HCV identification in the pediatric population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document