A hydraulic signal in root-to-shoot signalling of water shortage

Embung as a man made water reservoir is one of methods to overcome the water shortage in the border area, Belu District, East Nusa Tenggara Province. A number of 27 embungs were built by Regional Government in this area. Embung water and environment management is the main problem to sustain water resource. The research to inventory and identify of vegetation, to predict erosion, to monitor water balance, and to optimize water utilization were conducted, in 2005-2008. The research was undertaken in Embung Leosama. Methods were survey, observation, monitoring and analysis. Results were: (1). There were 7 species and 90 individual number of tree; (2). Prediction of erosion was 97.383 ton/ha/year; (3). Water depth as indicator of embung water balance was decrease due to a little rainfall volume in rainy season 2006/2007; but it was increase in 2007/2008; (4). Embung water can be optimized for drinking cattle, horticulture, nursery and regreening irrigation.Key Words: embung, erosion, water balance.

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Can the U.S. Do More to Help Avert a World Water Shortage

10.21236/ada431912 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Debbra Head

Keyword(s):

Water Shortage ◽

The U.S

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The Effect of Water Shortage on Potted Peach Trees in Relation to Ecophysiological Parameters and Infra-red Thermometry

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.541b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 541b-541

Author(s):

Rita Giuliani ◽

James A. Flore

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Early Detection ◽

Water Potential ◽

Canopy Temperature ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Development Rate ◽

Plant Water ◽

Infra Red ◽

Peach Trees

Potted peach trees grown outdoors during the 1997 season were subjected to drought and subsequent rewatering to evaluate their dynamic response to soil water content. The investigation was primarily focused on the early detection of plant water stress to prevent negative effects on the growth. Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and canopy temperature estimates (by infra-red thermometry) were conducted. Drought effect on physiological processes were detected through by estimates of canopy development rate, leaf gas-exchange measurements; while leaf water potential was measured to characterize plant water status. A decrease in the canopy's development rate was found 1 week after irrigation was stopped, which also coincided with a more-negative leaf water potential, whereas a decrease of the gas-exchange activities occurred several days later. No significant differences between the stressed and control plants were recorded by the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fo, Fm, Fv and the ratio Fv/Fm), whereas the infra-red estimates of canopy temperature detected a slight increase of the canopy surface temperature (connected to the change of leaf energy balance and in relation to partial stomatal closure) on the non-irrigated plants 1 week after the beginning of the trial. The use of infra-red thermometry for early detection of water shortage is discussed.

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Pressure management in Waitakere City, New Zealand - a case study

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2003.0096 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 3 (1-2) ◽

pp. 135-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. Pilipovic ◽

R. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Water Loss ◽

Water Cycle ◽

Demand Management ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Design Tool ◽

Network Computer ◽

Water Pipeline ◽

The City

In 1996, as part of Waitakere Council’s Water Cycle Strategy, a pressure standardisation programme to permanently lower the average supply pressure citywide was implemented with the aim of reducing water loss and water use. The experience gained during the 1994/95 Auckland water shortage had confirmed that there was considerable scope to reduce pressures in many areas. Since 1996 water pressures have been reduced in over 60% of the reticulated area of the city, with the average pressure reduced from 710 kPa to 540 kPa. As a result of this programme water loss from the network has been reduced, there has been a reduction in the frequency of mains breaks and it is likely that the life of water pipeline assets has been extended. Furthermore both pressure and demand management initiatives have reduced per capita water use in the city by more than 10%. A network computer model was used as a design tool to check the network under various pressure regimes and cost benefit analyses were carried out for various design scenarios. Fire sprinkler systems were checked as part of the design process. Minimum service standards were not reduced and in some cases pressures were actually increased. This paper covers the various aspects of the design, the implementation and the results of the pressure standardisation programme.

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Rhineland on the Way to its Thousandth Anniversary or Water-Administration in the Next 100–200 Years

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0400 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 23 (1-3) ◽

pp. 49-55

Author(s):

E. H. baron van Tuyll van Serooskerken

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Late Summer ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Land Utilization ◽

Water Control ◽

Coastal Defence ◽

The North ◽

Policies And Measures ◽

Water Provision ◽

Water Administration

An inventory is made of the effects of sea level rise and expected climatic change on the level of the district water authorities in the Netherlands and especially the “hoogheemraadschap” of Rhineland in the next 100-200 years. Special attention is paid to the effects on land utilization, coastal defence and water control. The first is hard to describe by lack of research, the second can already be determined in terms of cost; the third can be described in its effects on brackishness and water provision with indication of policies and measures to be taken. Preliminary conclusions are that larger efforts on coastal defence - even with present techniques - will be a realistic answer in terms of cost. The foreseen increase of brackishness in area and salt concentration, will give a significant extra need for fresh water. High cost and even higher risks have to be expected with regard to measures to neutralize the effects of a water surplus in winter and a growing water shortage in (late) summer, while the cost will further grow. Because of the effect a larger area must be drained off and water has to be raised higher as the Netherlands will sink in relation to the North Sea.

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Perspective of Water Resources in Japan and in the World

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0396 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 23 (1-3) ◽

pp. 11-18

Author(s):

Tamon Ishibashi

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Water Shortages ◽

The World

Recently, problems of water shortage are becoming global in both developed and developing countries. This is due to tremendous population increases and also urbanization and industrialization. In this paper, countermeasures for future water shortages are described.

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Effect of the Application Date of Fertilizer Containing Silicon and Potassium on the Yield and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet Roots

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 370

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽

Dariusz Gozdowski ◽

Alicja Siuda

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Water Shortage ◽

The European Union ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Technological Quality

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.

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