STRUCTURAL, EXPERIMENTALIST, AND DESCRIPTIVE APPROACHES TO EMPIRICAL WORK IN REGIONAL ECONOMICS

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economics ◽  
Empirical Work

scholarly journals The bias of avoiding spatial dynamic panel models

REGION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-180
Author(s):  
Lorenz Benedikt Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Opposite Case ◽  
Dynamic Panel Models

Many questions in urban and regional economics can be characterized as including both a spatial and a time dimension. However, often one of these dimensions is neglected in empirical work. This paper highlights the danger of methodological inertia, investigating the effect of neglecting the spatial or the time dimension when in fact both are important. A tale of two research teams, one living in a purely dynamic and the other in a purely spatial world of thinking, sets the scene. Because the researcher teams' choices to omit a dimension change the assumed optimal estimation strategies, the issue is more difficult to analyze than a typical omitted variables problem. First, the bias of omitting a relevant dimension is approximated analytically. Second, Monte Carlo simulations show that the neglected dimension projects onto the other, with potentially disastrous results. Interestingly, dynamic models are bound to overestimate autoregressive behavior whenever the spatial dimension is important. The same holds true for the opposite case. An application using the well-known, openly available cigarette demand data supports these findings.

Capital, Technology, and Economic Performance

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meric S. Gertler
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Theoretical Inquiry ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
Economic Vitality

Across economic doctrines of all stripes, one of the eternal verities is that capital plays a crucial role in determining the path and rate of growth in advanced economies. Contemporary work in geography, regional economics, and planning has reinforced this view, attesting to the key influence of investment—and investors—on the economic vitality of localities and regions. However, until comparatively recently, both our theoretical apparatus for understanding the role of capital in regional development and our collected body of empirical evidence to illuminate this process were rather limited (Gertler 1984b; 1987). Our understanding of the investment process has developed along new lines of theoretical inquiry only since the mid-1980s. At the macroeconomic scale, economists have attacked the study of growth theory with renewed vigour, in an attempt to incorporate some of the most important attributes of the capitalist system—such as technological change and scale economies—that had hitherto defied easy reconciliation with accepted theories of economic growth (Romer 1986; 1990a, b). At the microeconomic scale, the results of a set of detailed, firm-level studies in several countries have forced a reappraisal of the accepted wisdom concerning the relationship between investment, productivity, and firm performance (Meurer, Sobel, and Wolfe 1987; Gertler 1993). Within this second avenue of progress, economic geography has made an important contribution to our understanding of the process by which mobile financial capital becomes ‘fixed’ in place as productive apparatus. Furthermore, this work has suggested important implications for the objectives and shape of industrial policy intervention. In this chapter I shall consider two fundamental questions: one that is more general in nature and another that is explicitly geographical. First, why have the returns from investment in new manufacturing technologies frequently been so disappointing? In addressing this question, I shall critically review some of the more significant insights produced by the ‘new growth theory’ in economics. This literature argues that investment is the motive force for technological change, since new capital goods by definition embody new, productivity-enhancing technologies. I demonstrate the extreme limitations of this perspective, drawing on the important conceptual and empirical work of economic geographers, economic sociologists, and other social scientists in the process.

scholarly journals Municipalities and regions in locational competition – Relevant factors for success and political implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Döring ◽  
Eithne Knappitsch ◽  
Birgit Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economics ◽  
Location Theory ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Industrial Location ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
National Division ◽  
Regional Economic Policy

Improving the business conditions of municipalities and regions, competitiveness concerning the location of new businesses and attraction of highly qualified labor are considered classical topics within regional economics and industrial location theory. Locational competition has intensified over recent years in the wake of the process of globalization, the general development towards a knowledge-based economy, and the dynamic of the international and the national division of labor. This analysis will be carried out in three steps. Firstly, traditional (e.g. industrial location theory) and newer economic approaches (e.g. new economic growth theory, innovative milieu approach etc.) will be outlined by means of discussing their insights and implications regarding the process of industrial location. This discussion shows that modern economies are increasingly developing into service and knowledge societies, in which factors formerly viewed as relevant within locational competition are becoming less important. Secondly, the paper analyzes the empirical evidence for these theoretical findings. According to existing empirical work, the evidence suggests that present studies mainly support the theoretically derived thesis of a shift in the classical ranking of locational factors. Finally, the paper seeks to explore conclusions concerning the design of local and regional economic policy at multiple governance levels.

Trust in Management Information Systems (MIS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Meeßen ◽  
Meinald T. Thielsch ◽  
Guido Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Management Information Systems ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Trust In Management ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Trust In Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract. Digitalization, enhanced storage capacities, and the Internet of Things increase the volume of data in modern organizations. To process and make use of these data and to avoid information overload, management information systems (MIS) are introduced that collect, process, and analyze relevant data. However, a precondition for the application of MIS is that users trust them. Extending accounts of trust in automation and trust in technology, we introduce a new model of trust in MIS that addresses the conceptual ambiguities of existing conceptualizations of trust and integrates initial empirical work in this field. In doing so, we differentiate between perceived trustworthiness of an MIS, experienced trust in an MIS, intentions to use an MIS, and actual use of an MIS. Moreover, we consider users’ perceived risks and contextual factors (e. g., autonomy at work) as moderators. The introduced model offers guidelines for future research and initial suggestions to foster trust-based MIS use.

The terminology of regional economics from the economist's and the linguist's points of view

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-259
Author(s):  
Lívia Ablonczy-Mihályka ◽  
Katalin Ziskáné Kiczenkó
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economics ◽  
Points Of View

Sustainability Practices in Hotel Industry: A Study on Guest Awareness and Satisfaction

GIS Business ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Author(s):  
Shweta Mathur ◽  
Kavita Khanna ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Customer Preferences ◽  
Sustainability Strategy ◽  
Sustainability Practices ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
Hotel Managers ◽  
Relationship Of

The research paper is an empirical work to ascertain the awareness and satisfaction levels of the hotel guests on the sustainability practices in Five Star hotels in Delhi. This paper also aims to determine the extent to which certain sustainability practices influence customer preferences and requirements. The methodology used in this research included a survey method, combined with an extensive secondary research and descriptive methods. The survey was conducted in selected Five star and Five-star deluxe hotels in Delhi from June 2016 until September 2016. The results of the study establish a direct relationship of sustainability practices with customers satisfaction in Five Star Hotels in Delhi, however, it reveals that the prevailing sustainability practices do not satisfy the guests to a considerable extent. The research results can be used by hotel managers in order to improve and adopt sustainability strategy in their management policy in order to raise the level of awareness towards the hotels sustainability initiatives undertaken and then to meet the demands of cognizant guests and for the sake of its own business survival.

Do Racial Stereotypes Contribute to Medical Misdiagnosis of Child Abuse?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-180
Author(s):  
Cynthia J. Najdowski ◽  
Kimberly M. Bernstein ◽  
Katherine S. Wahrer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Wrongful Convictions ◽  
Race Bias ◽  
Potential Child ◽  
Black Infant

Despite growing recognition that misdiagnoses of child abuse can lead to wrongful convictions, little empirical work has examined how the medical community may contribute to these errors. Previous research has documented the existence and content of stereotypes that associate race with child abuse. The current study examines whether emergency medical professionals rely on this stereotype to fill in gaps in ambiguous cases involving Black children, thereby increasing the potential for misdiagnoses of child abuse. Specifically, we tested whether the race-abuse stereotype led participants to attend to more abuse-related details than infection-related details when an infant patient was Black versus White. We also tested whether this heuristic decision-making would be affected by contextual case facts; specifically, we examined whether race bias would be exacerbated or mitigated by a family’s involvement with child protective services (CPS). Results showed that participants did exhibit some biased information processing in response to the experimental manipulations. Even so, the race-abuse stereotype and heuristic decision-making did not cause participants to diagnose a Black infant patient with abuse more often than a White infant patient, regardless of his family’s involvement with CPS. These findings help illuminate how race may lead to different outcomes in cases of potential child abuse, while also demonstrating potential pathways through which racial disparities in misdiagnosis of abuse and subsequent wrongful convictions can be prevented.

PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR SECARA SPASIAL TERHADAP KONVERGENSI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Anisa Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Theory

Motivated by inter-regional disparities condition that occurs persistently, this study examines the Indonesian economy in the long run in order to know whether it tends to converge or diverge. This convergence is based on the Solow Neoclassical growth theory assuming the existence of diminishing returns to capital so that when the developed countries reach steady state conditions, developing countries will continuously grow up to 'catch-up' with developed countries. Based on regional economics perspective, each region can not be treated as a stand-alone unit,therefore, this study also focuses on the influence of spatial dependency and infrastructure. Economical and political situations of a region will influence policy in that region which will also have an impact to the neighboring regions. The estimation results of spatial cross-regressive model using fixed effect method consistently confirmed that the Indonesian economy in the long term will likely converge with a speed of 8.08 percent per year. Other findings are road infrastructure has a positive effect on economic growth and investment and road infrastructure are spatially showed a positive effect on economic growth. In other words, the investment and infrastructure of a region does not only affect the economic growth of that region but also to the economy of the contiguous regions. 

Vertical Boilerplate

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Real World ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Law School ◽  
Information Cost ◽  
Information Costs ◽  
Policy Proposals ◽  
Radical Solution

Despite what we learn in law school about the “meeting of the minds,” most contracts are merely boilerplate—take-it-or-leave-it propositions. Negotiation is nonexistent; we rely on our collective market power as consumers to regulate contracts’ content. But boilerplate imposes certain information costs because it often arrives late in the transaction and is hard to understand. If those costs get too high, then the market mechanism fails. So how high are boilerplate’s information costs? A few studies have attempted to measure them, but they all use a “horizontal” approach—i.e., they sample a single stratum of boilerplate and assume that it represents the whole transaction. Yet real-world transactions often involve multiple layers of contracts, each with its own information costs. What is needed, then, is a “vertical” analysis, a study that examines fewer contracts of any one kind but tracks all the contracts the consumer encounters, soup to nuts. This Article presents the first vertical study of boilerplate. It casts serious doubt on the market mechanism and shows that existing scholarship fails to appreciate the full scale of the information cost problem. It then offers two regulatory solutions. The first works within contract law’s unconscionability doctrine, tweaking what the parties need to prove and who bears the burden of proving it. The second, more radical solution involves forcing both sellers and consumers to confront and minimize boilerplate’s information costs—an approach I call “forced salience.” In the end, the boilerplate experience is as deep as it is wide. Our empirical work should reflect that fact, and our policy proposals should too.

Appeals by the Prosecution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. King ◽  
Michael Heise
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
High Courts ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
State High Courts ◽  
State Prosecutors ◽  
Rate Of Success

Scholarly and public debates about criminal appeals have largely taken place in an empirical vacuum. This study builds on our prior empirical work exploring defense-initiated criminal appeals and focuses on criminal appeals by state and federal prosecutors. Exploiting data drawn from a recently released national sample of appeals by state prosecutors decided in 2010, as well as data from all appeals by federal prosecutors to the United States Court of Appeals terminated in the years 2011 through 2016, we provide a detailed snapshot of non-capital, direct appeals by prosecutors, including extensive information on crime type, claims raised, type of defense representation, oral argument and opinion type, as well judicial selection, merits review, and relief. Findings include a rate of success for state prosecutor appeals about four times greater than that for defense appeals (roughly 40% of appeals filed compared to 10%). The likelihood of success for state prosecutor-appellants appeared unrelated to the type of crime, claim, or defense counsel, whether review was mandatory or discretionary, or whether the appellate bench was selected by election rather than appointment. State high courts, unlike intermediate courts, did not decide these appeals under conditions of drastic asymmetry. Of discretionary criminal appeals reviewed on the merits by state high courts, 41% were prosecutor appeals. In federal courts, prosecutors voluntarily dismissed more than half the appeals they filed, but were significantly less likely to withdraw appeals from judgments of acquittal and new trial orders after the verdict than to withdraw appeals challenging other orders. Among appeals decided on the merits, federal prosecutors were significantly more likely to lose when facing a federal defender as an adversary compared to a CJA panel attorney.

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