Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Headache in Medical Students of the University of Lagos, Nigeria

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
FI Ojini ◽  
Nu Okubadejo ◽  
MA Danesi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Consultation Rate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
The University

We investigated the 1-year prevalence, clinical features and mode of treatment of headache in medical students of the University of Lagos, Nigeria, using a self-administered headache questionnaire. Headache prevalence was 46.0% and was significantly higher in women than in men (62.8% vs. 34.1%). Prevalence of tension-type headache was higher than that of migraine (18.1% vs. 6.4%). Although tension-type headache had a similar prevalence in both sexes (male 17.3%, female 19.2%), migraine was three times more common in women (10.9% vs. 3.2%). A family history of headache was present in 22.0%. Only 4.6% sought medical assistance, whereas 68.2% took non-prescription drugs, mainly simple analgesics. Specific drugs for migraine and tension-type headache were rarely used. In conclusion, 1-year headache prevalence is high among medical students at this university. The low consultation rate and the rarity of usage of specific anti-headache drugs probably reflect inadequacies in the management of primary headaches in this population.

Chronic Daily Headaches: Clinical Profile in Indian Patients

Cephalalgia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Chakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Transformed Migraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Daily Headache ◽  
Therapy Withdrawal ◽  
Type Headache

Chronic daily headache (CDH) remains a relatively unexplored entity in India. Misconceptions are common, unnecessary investigations often done and inappropriate therapy prescribed. Analgesic overuse is seldom recognized. The present report appears to be the first of its kind from India. CDH has been defined as headaches occurring more than 15 days per month for more than 3 months (secondary causes excluded). Over 2 years (1998-1999) 849 cases (49.6% of all primary headaches) were seen. More than 1 year's follow-up data were available in 205 subjects (M 34; F 171). The distribution of these was as follows: (i), chronic tension-type headache (CTH), 33 (16.1%); (ii), chronic/transformed migraine (TM), 169 (82.4%); (iii), new persistent CDH, 3 (1.5%). There were 169 cases of TM (M:F 1:4.7; age 26-58 years). History of past episodic migraine was present in all. Transformation had been gradual (89.4%) or acute (10.6%). Possible factors in transformation included psychological stress (44.4%), analgesic overuse (28.4%), ergot overuse (4.1%). HRT seemed to be implicated in three female subjects. Analgesic overuse was limited between intake of 600 and 2400 mg of aspirin equivalent per day (mean 735 mg). Ergot overuse varied between 1 and 3 mg/day of ergotamine for ≥ 3 days/week. With medical therapy approximately 70% TM and 40% CTH patients noted significant improvement. About 80% of these relapsed on therapy withdrawal. CDH in India is not uncommon. Analgesic/ergot overuse needs to be recognized early. The average dose of analgesic implicated in CDH seems much less compared with that reported in the West.

New rapid diagnostic criteria of acute sinusitis based on patterns of headache and facial pain in sinusitis: A study of 117 patients suffering from sinusitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Santhosh Kumar Rajamani
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Acute Sinusitis ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Type Headache

Introduction There is need for any healthcare setup to rapidly identify Sinus headache patients from other cases of Neurological and Primary headaches like Migraine and Chronic Tension-type headache. Materials and Methods 117 cases of confirmed sinusitis were evaluated and analyzed for common traits which could help in the rapid diagnosis of Sinusitis. Results Unilateral, dull aching headache and facial pain, of changing intensity, lasting all day on an average of 4 to 6 hours with a previous short history of the common cold in acute sinusitis is the most common pattern observed in this study. Discussion Unilateral, dull aching headache and facial pain, of variable intensity, lasting all day on an average of 4 to 6 hours along with is highly sensitive criterion (91%) for diagnosis of acute sinusitis. This, along with a history of previous Upper Respiratory tract infection, is useful to rapidly screen patients for acute sinusitis (95% sensitive). Though a subset of other headache cases will also be included by the criteria, imaging or Endoscopy must be done in these positive cases to increase the specificity of the diagnostic criteria.

Headache characteristics and chronification of migraine and tension-type headache: A population-based study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 943-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sait Ashina ◽  
Ann Lyngberg ◽  
Rigmor Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Headache Attack ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Type Headache

Migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) can increase in frequency and transform from episodic to chronic forms. The process of transformation of these primary headaches is complex and involves multiple risk factors. In this cross-sectional and longitudinal population study, we aimed to investigate the relation of clinical characteristics of primary headaches to poor outcome: new-onset or persistent chronic headache (≥180 days/year). Individuals who had migraine + / − TTH and those who had pure TTH were studied separately. Of 740 individuals who entered this study in 1989, 673 were eligible for follow-up in 2001, and a total of 549 individuals participated in the follow-up study. At baseline in 1989, no difference was found between episodic and chronic migraine headache ( + / − TTH). Duration of headache episodes >72 hours ( p = .002) was associated with pure chronic TTH at baseline in 1989 whereas aggravation of headache by physical activity ( p = .045) was associated with pure frequent episodic TTH. Of 64 subjects with migraine + / − TTH, 12 had a poor outcome in 2001. For pure TTH, of 116 subjects at baseline, 11 had a poor outcome in 2001. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for medication overuse and use of preventive medications, poor outcome of migraine + / − TTH tended to be associated with a baseline pulsating quality and severe intensity of migraine, photophobia and phonophobia, as well as longer duration of an individual headache attack. For pure TTH, unilateral headache, nausea and individual headache attack duration greater than 72 hours was associated with poor outcome. Pooled data univariate analysis revealed that nausea, daily use of acute headache medications, use of headache preventive medications and coexistent headaches were significant predictors of chronic headache in 2001( p<.05). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that certain clinical characteristics of headaches are associated with poor outcome but alone may not predict the chronification of migraine or TTH.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tension-Type Headache among Medical Students in Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hyder Osman Mirghani ◽  
Rayyan Fahad H. Altemani ◽  
Yousef Hussain J. Alharthi ◽  
Mohammed Abdulhafith R. Alotaibi ◽  
Ahmed Marwan A. Alamrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type Headache

Background: Headaches disorders have a significant burden on the world. Tension Type Headache is the most common type among primary headaches. Since medical students are exposed to a lot of stress, and it is associated with a tension-type headache, the importance of this study comes.  This study aims to measure the prevalence of tension-type headache among medical students at Tabuk University 2020. Methodology: A cross-sectional study in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia was conducted. The study included medical students at the University of Tabuk in the academic years from 2nd to 6th grades during the calendar year of 2020. An adapted semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was retrieved from other validated questionnaires. The internal validity and reliability of the questionnaire were tested using Cronbach's alpha test and was highly reliable (25 items, α = .715). Both medical and research experts assessed the face and content validity. The data were coded, tabulated, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 27). Results: The total number of the students was 380 (response rate, 78.6%). 55.22% were females, and 44.78% were males their mean age was 21.18 ± SD 1.78 years. Out of the 297 students, only 122 met the diagnostic criteria. The 1-year prevalence Tension Type Headache (TTH) included the three types: frequent TTH 67.2%, 18.0% infrequent TTH, and only 14.8% suffered from chronic TTH. The most common aggravating factors included studying stressors (82%), 68% of the participants reported daily activity interference, and 48.4% reported that headache aggravate with routine physical activities (e.g., walking or climbing stairs). The headache quality varied between throbbing/pulsating (54.9%), pressing/tightening (68.9%) and sharp/stabbing (10.7%). The median headache intensity was 5.25 at pain level score (IQR =2). Only 28% of the students sought counseling where the main analgesic used was Acetaminophen (74%). Many non-pharmacological therapies were practiced by the students to relieve headache, including sleep (60.7%), rest (63.1%) and caffeine (41.8%).23% of the medical students reported that they sought medical counseling to maintain their performance level. There was a statistically significant difference between the average age of medical students suffering from frequent and infrequent TTH,  t(102) = 2.31, p = .023. Conclusion: Tension-type headache is a prevalent type of headache among Saudi medical students. Prevalence and aggravating factors in our study were comparable to previously reported literature. Future studies with large sample size may be required among all university students to define burden of the case in Saudi Arabia.

History of Headache Research in Denmark

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 748-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Tfelt-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Danish Population ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Headache Clinic ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Acute Headache ◽  
First Time

Headache research in Denmark started with the description in 1949 by Dalsgaard-Nielsen of the percutaneous nitroglycerin test. In 1976 Jes Olesen started The Copenhagen Acute Headache Clinic and from that time modern headache research began in Denmark. Specific changes in regional cerebral blood flow during attacks of migraine with aura, spreading oligaemia, were described for the first time in 1980. The first headache classification with operational diagnostic criteria was published in 1988 and used in a Danish population study from 1989. The lifetime prevalence of migraine was 8% in men and 25% in women. An intravenous nitroglycerin test was introduced in 1989 and has been developed as an experimental headache model. In 1993 it was suggested by Jes Olesen et al. that NO supersensitivity could be a possible molecular mechanism of migraine pain. Recent genetic studies have supported the distinction between migraine with aura and migraine without aura. From the middle of the 1980s the pathophysiology of tension-type headache has been investigated and recent results indicate central sensitization in patients with chronic tension-type headache.

Psychopathology in children and adolescents with primary headaches: Categorical and dimensional approaches

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (16) ◽  
pp. 1311-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Margari ◽  
Elisabetta Lucarelli ◽  
Francesco Craig ◽  
Maria G Petruzzelli ◽  
Paola A Lecce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Type Headache

Background Recurrent headache is common in childhood, but there is not a great amount of data on the associations between headaches and psychopathology in children. Objective The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between primary headaches and psychopathology in children, using both the categorical and dimensional assessment. Methods The sample consisted of 70 patients with primary headache compared to a matched sample of 50 healthy children. Psychiatric comorbidity was defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders. Child psychopathology outcomes were assessed using child- and parent-reported standardized instruments. Results Internalizing and externalizing problems were significantly represented among children with headaches compared to the control group, respectively 63% and 27%, without significant differences between migraine and tension-type headache children. Moreover, a total of 26% of the children with a headache reported psychiatric comorbidity such as anxiety and mood disorders. Conclusion The dimensional approach improves accuracy in the recognition of emotional and behavioral problems compared to the categorical approach; however, the use of both of these approaches could be useful for clinical practice, treatment and research.

scholarly journals Prevalence and impact of headache in undergraduate students in Southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asdrubal Falavigna ◽  
Alisson Roberto Teles ◽  
Maíra Cristina Velho ◽  
Viviane Maria Vedana ◽  
Roberta Castilhos da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Headache Episode ◽  
Headache Type ◽  
Probable Migraine ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
The University

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, characteristics and impact of headache among university students. METHOD: The criteria established by the International Headache Society were used to define the primary headache subtypes and the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire (MIDAS), to assess the disability. The students were then grouped into six categories: [1] migraine; [2] probable migraine; [3] tension-type headache; [4] probable tension-type headache; [5] non-classifiable headache; [6] no headache. RESULTS: Of all undergraduate students interviewed, 74.5% had at least one headache episode in the last three months. Regarding disability, there was a significant difference between the headache types (p<0.0001). In the post-hoc analysis, migraine was the headache type with most reported disability. CONCLUSION: Headache is a highly prevalent condition among the students at the University of Caxias do Sul. This disease may have a major impact on the students' lives and in some cases, ultimately lead to educational failure.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and classification tools for chronic headache disorders: A systematic review

Cephalalgia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Potter ◽  
Katrin Probyn ◽  
Celia Bernstein ◽  
Tamar Pincus ◽  
Martin Underwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Headache Classification ◽  
Headache Type ◽  
Expert Clinician ◽  
Primary Care Clinicians ◽  
Type Headache

Background or aim Despite guidelines and the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-III beta) criteria, the diagnosis of common chronic headache disorders can be challenging for non-expert clinicians. The aim of the review was to identify headache classification tools that could be used by a non-expert clinician to classify common chronic disorders in primary care. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of studies validating diagnostic and classification headache tools published between Jan 1988 and June 2016 from key databases: MEDLINE, ASSIA, Embase, Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO. Quality assessment was assessed using items of the Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Results The search identified 38 papers reporting the validation of 30 tools designed to diagnose, classify or screen for headache disorders; nine for multiple headache types, and 21 for one headache type only. We did not identify a tool validated in a primary care that can be used by a non-expert clinician to classify common chronic headache disorders and screen for primary headaches other than migraine and tension-type headache in primary care. Conclusions Despite the availability of many headache classification tools we propose the need for a tool that could support primary care clinicians in diagnosing and managing chronic headache disorders within primary care, and allow more targeted referral to headache specialists.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tension Type Headache among Young Adults and Their Gender Difference on Percieved Stress Scale: A Comparative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Perceived Stress Scale ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Tension Type Headaches

Background: Tension-type headaches (TTH), together with migraines, are the most common primary headaches, affecting 80% of the general population. Stress is known to be a contributing factor to chronic tension-type headache (CTH), with research indicating that mental stress is the most commonly reported trigger and aggravating factor of a CTH episode. The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of TTH among youths of 18-25 age reporting frequent headache and to compare the perceived stress level among the diagnosed male and females of TTH. Methods: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) rating and an IHS (International Headache Society) TTH Diagnostic questionnaire were used in this study. A sample of 150 students including 75 males and 75 females in the age group of 18-25 years complaining of frequent headache were taken from different colleges and universities located in Rewari district of Haryana. In the second phase, only the diagnosed cases of tension type headache participated in the study and fill the perceived stress scale questionnaire. After data collection, analysis of data using SPSS software was done which then further help in testing the hypothesis and extracting the result and inferences. Descriptive analysis of quantitative data expressed as mean and standard deviation. Mean and Chi square test were used for comparison of individual on quantitative parameters between groups. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of subjects with TTH was 22.79 ±2.14. Prevalence of TTH among frequent headache sufferers is 68%. Out of 68% TTH cases 66.7% subjects have episodic TTH and 33.3% have chronic TTH. Value of PSS * Gender Pearson chi square is 5.151 at a significance value of .076 and it shows that there would be no significant differences exist between males and females on perceived stress score. Conclusion: TTH is more prevalent among females as compared to males. No significant differences exist between males and females on perceived stress scores.

scholarly journals СОЦІАЛЬНО-ДЕМОГРАФІЧНІ ТА КЛІНІЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПАЦІЄНТІВ З АБУЗУСНИМ ГОЛОВНИМ БОЛЕМ В ПОЄДНАНІ З ХРОНІЧНИМ ГОЛОВНИМ БОЛЕМ НАПРУГИ

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
М.Ю. Дельва ◽  
І.І. Дельва ◽  
В.А. Пінчук ◽  
Г.Я. Силенко ◽  
А.М. Кривчун
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Medication Overuse Headache ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Type Headache

Introduction. A study of medication overuse headache (MOH) can define the risk group for MOH in patients with primary headaches. The aim of the research is to study the socio-demographic, clinical and pharmacotherapeutic characteristics of patients with MOH and chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). Material and methods. We examined 28 patients with MOH in combination with CTTH and 34 patients with CTTH. MOH and CTTH were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd revision. Anxiety and depressive signs were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; abdominal obesity was determined using waist circumference. Quantitative values were presented as the median and the interquartile range. Quantitative samples were analyzed according to Mann-Whitney U-test, qualitative samples - according to Fisher's exact test. Differences at p <0.05 were considered significant. Results. Patients with MOH and CTTH had the following characteristics: female gender - 79%, age - 41.0 (33.0-49.5) years, familyless state - 54%, higher education - 25%, employment - 46%, smoking - 43%, anxiety signs - 71%, depressive signs - 75%, cervicalgia - 36%, lower back pain - 61%, arterial hypertension - 21%, diabetes mellitus - 7%, abdominal obesity - 46%, mild traumatic brain injury - 43%, headache intensity - 5.0 (4.0-6.3) points on a visual analog scale, duration of headache attacks - 7.0 (5.0-8.3) hours, age of CTTH onset - 31,5 (23,0-41,0) years, duration of CTTH - 9.0 (6,8-10,3) years, duration of MOH – 15.5 (8.3-20.8) months. Patients with MOH and CTTH compared to patients with CTTH were significantly younger, had a history of traumatic brain injury, had significantly more headache days per month. Patients with MOH and CTTH overused combined analgesics (47%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (32%), triptans with analgesics (21%). Abortive medications had been used on 23.0 (18.0-28.5) days a month, in form of 32.0 (27.3 -41.8) doses a month.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document