scholarly journals Framing the Urban: Struggles Over HOPE VI and New Urbanism in a Historic City

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Elliott ◽  
Kevin Fox Gotham ◽  
Melinda J. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
Hope Vi ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Federal Housing ◽  
Big Box ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
New Urbanist ◽  
Strategic Framing

Recent debate over the federal HOPE VI program has focused primarily on whether local applications have met administrative pledges to provide adequate affordable housing to displaced residents of newly demolished public‐housing developments. In this research we take a different direction, examining local processes of political mobilization and strategic framing around a specific type of HOPE VI redevelopment—one that includes construction of a big‐box superstore as part of proposed urban renewal. We argue that the HOPE VI program's formal alignment with New Urbanism created a political opportunity for competing actors to adopt and espouse selective new urbanist themes and imagery to construct and advance divergent visions of what urban space ought to be. Through these framing strategies and struggles, the developer, displaced residents, and opposition groups produced “the City” as a rhetorical object that each then used to advocate specific redevelopment proposals while de‐legitimating competing claims. In this way, the HOPE VI program constitutes more than a new federal housing policy; it offers a new vocabulary for framing and mobilizing collective action in contemporary urban centers.

scholarly journals Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Urban Planning

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Sonila Xhafa ◽  
Albana Kosovrasti
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Centers

Geographic information systems can be defined as a intelligent tool, to which it relates techniques for the implementation of processes such as the introduction, recording, storage, handling, processing and generation of spatial data. Use of GIS in urban planning helps and guides planners for an orderly development of settlements and infrastructure facilities within and outside urban areas. Continued growth of the population in urban centers generates the need for expansion of urban space, for its planning in terms of physical and social infrastructures in the service of the community, based on the principles of sustainable development. In addition urbanization is accompanied with numerous structural transformations and functional cities, which should be evaluated in spatial context, to be managed and planned according to the principles of sustainable development. Urban planning connects directly with land use and design of the urban environment, including physical and social infrastructure in service of the urban community, constituting a challenge to global levels. Use of GIS in this field is a different approach regarding the space, its development and design, analysis and modeling of various processes occurring in it, as well as interconnections between these processes or developments in space.

scholarly journals EXAMINING THE IDEOLOGY AND POLITICS OF NEW URBANISM

Aletheia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maanvi Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
New Urbanism ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Real Estate Markets ◽  
Healthy Communities ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
New Urbanist ◽  
Progressive Policy ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

New Urbanism (NU) is an urban planning movement that values certain design principles in cities, such as walkability, mixed-use development, and accessible transit. Since its emergence and formalization as a movement in the late twentieth century, numerous North American communities have been built or renovated to adhere to New Urbanist principles, and a significant body of research studies the outcomes in these places. This essay reflects on the existing scholarship to identify recurring issues in New Urbanist communities; namely, these neighbourhoods consistently turn out to be unaffordable and economically exclusive, as well as to create tension or awkwardness between different social groups. As such, I find that rather than merely falling short of theoretical ideals like economic and social diversity, the NU physical design principles can backfire and produce the opposite outcome of their vision for optimal communities; this occurs as a function of environmental limitations like the nature of capitalist real estate markets and the complexities of integration in diverse communities. The essay moves on to interrogate the movement’s failure to advocate for policy changes that would support its social goals and, at a deeper level, their choice to refrain from any political stances. Underneath NU’s attempt at ideological impartiality, I find that their implicit ideal of “community” leads to pernicious tendencies such as embracing homogeneity and disregarding public life. Overall, I argue the movement must reorient from implicit to explicit politics and openly advocate for progressive policy in order for their theory to actually produce diverse, healthy communities.

scholarly journals New Urbanism as Urban Political Development: Racial Geographies of ‘Intercurrence’ across Greater Seattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-428
Author(s):  
Yonn Dierwechter
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Urban Politics ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
American Political Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Simultaneous Operation ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
New Urbanist

While New Urbanism is now subject to a range of theorizations from different perspectives and disciplinary approaches, it is rarely framed as part of a society’s overall political development. This article explores New Urbanism through recently ‘cosmopolitanized’ and ‘urbanized’ theories of American Political Development (APD). For many years, APD scholars like Skowronek and Orren have emphasized the conceptual importance of ‘intercurrence,’ which refers to the simultaneous operation of multiple political orders in specific places and thus to the tensions and abrasions between these orders as explanations for change. Urban scholars have engaged with these ideas for some time, particularly in studies of urban politics and policy regimes, but APD’s influence on urban planning theory and practice remains underdeveloped. This article takes up this lacuna, applying select APD ideas, notably intercurrence, to understand how multi-scalar governments develop space though New Urbanist theories of place-making, with special attention paid to race. Examples from metropolitan Seattle are used to illustrate (if not fully elaborate) the article’s overall arguments and themes.

Gods Outside the Walls

2020 ◽  
pp. 196-228
Author(s):  
Allison L. C. Emmerson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Suburban Development

“Gods outside the Walls” approaches the chief exception to the standard patterns of suburban development. Temples for the gods appeared outside Rome’s early colonies at Minturnae, Ostia, and Cosa already in the mid-Republican period, and certain examples, including a sanctuary at Hispellum and the shrine to Magna Mater in Rome’s Transtiberim, thrived through the fourth century CE. These spaces functioned in various ways, but indicate above all the enduring need for gods to protect and define all parts of a city, through even dramatic alterations to urban space. Early colonial sanctuaries oversaw not just urban expansion, but the active transformation of military outposts to urban centers, while the later temples survived the contraction of cities by reserving space for traditional modes of worship, even as a new force—Christianity—rose up to dominate Italy’s suburbs.

scholarly journals Sustainability and the Expected Effects of Office-to-Residential Conversion in Historic Downtown Areas of South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9576
Author(s):  
Eunkwang Kim ◽  
Sanghong Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Urban Revitalization ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Rate Building ◽  
Building Conversion

South Korea has industrialized and urbanized rapidly since the 1970s, and subsequently, the historic downtown areas of major cities have been hollowed out as the population and industry have become concentrated in urban centers. Based on the Urban Decline Indicators of Korea, in accordance with the Urban Revitalization Act of the South Korean government, a comparative analysis of the population changes, office vacancy rate, building aging rate, decrease in the number of industries and employees, and housing supply and demand in historic downtown areas and new urban areas of six major South Korean cities demonstrated that all six historic downtown areas have declined significantly. Currently, little research is available in South Korea on the expansion of urban living and the inflow of urban residents through office-to-residential building conversion. Therefore, this study explores the expansion of urban residences to revitalize these historic downtown areas. To this end, this study examines the feasibility of converting poorly functioning, vacant offices in historic downtown areas into residential spaces to present a sustainable strategy for their complexation. This study finds that office-to-residential building conversion is a sustainable way to recover urban space and grow the population and industry in historic downtown areas.

scholarly journals Research on the Simulation Application of Data Mining in Urban Spatial Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
Xiong He
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Urban Research ◽  
The City

Data mining and simulation of the Internet of things (IOT) have been applied more and more widely in the rapidly developing urban research discipline. Urban spatial structure is an important field that needs to be explored in the sustainable urban development, while data mining is relatively rare in the research of urban spatial structure. In this study, 705,747 POI (Point of Interest) were used to conduct simulation analysis of western cities in China by mining the data of online maps. Through kernel density analysis and spatial correlation index, the distribution and aggregation characteristics of different types of POI data in urban space were analyzed and the spatial analysis and correlation characteristics among different functional centers of the city were obtained. The spatial structure of the city is characterized by “multicenters and multigroups”, and the distribution of multicenters is also shown in cities with different functional types. The development degree of different urban centers varies significantly, but most of them are still in their infancy. Data mining of Internet of things (IOT) has good adaptability in city simulation and will play an important role in urban research in the future.

scholarly journals Ordinary Fragmentation: Network Secession of Urban Centers in Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-266
Author(s):  
Wahyu Kusuma Astuti ◽  
Suryono Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Space Production ◽  
The City

Drawing from the literature on ‘premium networked spaces’, introduced in Graham and Marvin’s seminal work Splintering Urbanism in 2001, this paper argues that splintering or fragmentation of networks – and ultimately urban space – is constituted in so-called premium enclaves in Jakarta. Our study exemplifies that significant land acquisition and discretionary zoning policy contribute to the splintering of Jakarta’s urban space. This paper uses the TB Simatupang corridor in South Jakarta and Puri Indah CBD in West Jakarta to illustrate the interplay between urban planning and secessionary space production in high-profile economic districts. Lastly, this paper proposes the ‘ordinary fragmented network’ as the norm and expands the idea of the splintering of marginalized parts of the city to also incorporate areas within premium network spaces as part of splintering urbanism.   Abstrak. Diambil dari literatur tentang 'ruang jaringan premium' yang diperkenalkan dalam karya mani Graham dan Marvin pada tahun 2001, Splintering Urbanism, makalah ini berpendapat bahwa splintering atau fragmentasi jaringan – dan akhirnya ruang perkotaan, dibentuk dalam apa yang disebut kantong-kantong premium di Jakarta. Studi kami menunjukkan bahwa pembebasan lahan dan kebijakan zonasi diskresioner yang signifikan berkontribusi pada pecahnya ruang kota Jakarta. Makalah ini menggunakan koridor TB Simatupang di Jakarta Selatan dan CBD Puri Indah di Jakarta Barat untuk menggambarkan interaksi antara perencanaan kota dan produksi jaringan pemisahan di distrik ekonomi kelas atas. Terakhir, makalah ini mengusulkan 'jaringan terfragmentasi biasa' sebagai norma dan menggeser ide-ide sempalan dari hanya bagian kota yang terpinggirkan untuk menggabungkan area dalam 'ruang jaringan premium' sebagai bagian dari urbanisme yang terpecah.   Kata kunci. Pusat perkotaan, jaringan terfragmentasi, jaringan jalan, Jakarta.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DA GESTÃO OCUPACIONAL EM MONTES CLAROS – MG: Impactos do uso do solo e suas consequências na temperatura de superfície

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 285-311
Author(s):  
Bruna Reis Pereira ◽  
Mariana Barreto Mees ◽  
Manoel Reinaldo Leite ◽  
Raul de Magalhães Filho
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Landsat 5 Tm ◽  
The City

O uso do solo é a atividade de uma sociedade por sobre uma superfície, este caracteriza-se conforme as individualidades conjugada aos padrões de necessidades humanas. Um dos impactos ambientais que deve ser considerado neste processo de apropriação é o comportamento térmico de superfície. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho, tendo como área de estudo o perímetro urbano de Montes Claros – MG, teve como objetivo analisar a ocupação do espaço urbano na cidade sob uma condição cronológica: 1990 a 2010. Por meio da análise de imagens de sensoriamento remoto (Landsat 5 TM) procurou-se verificar se o modelo de ocupação provocou problemas urbanos de natureza térmica. Os resultados mostraram, a partir da metodologia adotada, que regiões com decréscimo de NDVI (Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada) e grande adensamento de edificações tiveram significativos aumento de temperatura no período considerado, ratificando o problema de aumento de temperatura de superfície nos centros urbanos. Palavras-chave: Urbanização; temperatura de superfície; desenvolvimento urbano; Montes Claros.   ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL MANAGEMENT IN MONTES CLAROS - MG: Impacts of land use and its consequences on surface temperature Abstract The use of the soil is the activity of a society above a surface, this is characterized according to the individualities combined with the patterns of human needs. One of the environmental impacts that must be considered in this appropriation process is the surface thermal behavior. In this sense, the present study, having as its study area the urban perimeter of Montes Claros - MG, aimed to analyze the occupation of urban space in the city under a chronological condition: 1990 to 2010. Through the analysis of remote sensing images (Landsat 5 TM), it was verified that the occupation model caused urban problems of a thermal nature. The results showed that the regions with decreasing NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and high density of buildings had significant temperature increase in the period considered, confirming the problem of surface temperature increase in urban centers . Keywords: Urbanization; Surface temperature; urban Development; Montes Claros.   ANALYSE DES PROFESSIONNELLES GESTION MONTES CLAROS - MG: impacts de l'utilisation des terres et les conséquences de la température de surface Resumen Uso de la tierra es la actividad de una corporación sobre una superficie, este se caracteriza como individualidades combinados a los estándares de las necesidades humanas. Un impactos ambientales que deben ser considerados en este proceso de solución es la superficie comportamiento térmico. En este sentido, el presente trabajo, con el área de estudio del área urbana de Montes Claros - MG, tuvo como objetivo analizar la ocupación del espacio urbano en la ciudad bajo una condición cronológico: 1990 a 2010. Por medio del análisis de imágenes de teledetección (Landsat 5 TM) trató de verificar que el modelo de ocupación provocó problemas urbanos de la naturaleza térmica. Los resultados mostraron que a partir de la metodología utilizada, las regiones con la disminución de NDVI (índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada) y de alta densidad de edificios tenían aumento significativo de la temperatura durante el periodo considerado, lo que confirma el problema aumento de la temperatura de superficie en los centros urbanos . Palavras chave: urbanización; temperatura de la superficie; desarrollo Urbano; Montes Claros.

scholarly journals Markham's new urbanist paradigm : neoliberalism, gentrification and competitive governance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Keeble
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Neoliberal Governance ◽  
New Urbanist ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
The Town

The rise of competitive governance through the ideology of neoliberalism has led to contemporary development projects that rely on capital accumulation to economically prosper. Given that a majority of current literature pertaining to competitive governance is fundamentally urban, this paper argues that this phenomenon is also occurring in suburban areas. Utilizing the Langstaff Gateway in the Town of Markham, Ontario as a case study, this paper outlines the ramifications of competitive governance as it relates to new urbanism and the recently coined term of new-build gentrification. An argument is made that the Langstaff Gateway represents the most contemporary new-urbanist development paradigm within the Greater Golden Horseshoe. Two major components frame this paper: the first elaborates upon neoliberalism through a critical geographical perspective, while the second provides pragmatic planning evidence of this phenomenon "on the ground" through the Langstaff Gateway. Findings suggest that, although inherently entrenched within municipal and metropolitan neoliberal governance frameworks, the Langstaff Gateway represents a progressively-planned paradigm toward suburban intensification in the Greater Golden Horseshoe.

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