scholarly journals Genetic admixture is associated with plasma hemostatic factor levels in self-identified African Americans and Hispanics: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. LUTSEY ◽  
C. L. WASSEL ◽  
M. CUSHMAN ◽  
M. M. SALE ◽  
J. DIVERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Hemostatic Factor

scholarly journals Impact of Race on the Association of Mineral Metabolism With Heart Failure: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e1144-e1151
Author(s):  
Cassianne Robinson-Cohen ◽  
Michael Shlipak ◽  
Mark Sarnak ◽  
Ronit Katz ◽  
Carmen Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Fgf 23

Abstract Background Alterations in mineral metabolism, such as high phosphorus, high parathyroid hormone (PTH), and high fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) have been identified as potential risk factors for heart failure (HF). Important differences in the prevalence of mineral metabolism abnormalities and in the risk of HF have been reported across race and/or ethnic groups. In this study, we evaluated whether the associations of mineral metabolism markers with HF differed by race and/or ethnicity. Methods We included participants free of cardiovascular disease from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis to quantify rates of HF overall and across race and/or ethnic groups. Using Cox models, we tested associations of baseline higher phosphorus (>4 mg/dL), PTH greater than 65 pg/mL, and FGF-23 greater than 46.5 pg/mL with incident HF, and for interactions by race and/or ethnicity, adjusting for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Results Among the 6413 participants, median follow-up time was 14.9 years. The incidence rate for HF was highest for African Americans and lowest for Chinese (4.71 and 2.42 per 1000 person-years, respectively). The prevalence of elevated PTH (18.8% vs 7.4%) but not FGF-23 (23.1% vs 28.8%) was higher in African Americans vs Whites. In multivariable models, the associations of elevated PTH (hazard ratio [HR] 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13-1.99) and FGF-23 (HR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.07-1.75) with incident HF were statistically significant. However, the interactions by race and/or ethnicity were not statistically significant. Conclusions In a multiethnic population, higher PTH and FGF-23 were associated with risk of HF in African American and Hispanic individuals. There is no evidence that race and/or ethnicity modifies the association of altered mineral metabolism with risk of HF.

scholarly journals NT-proBNP, race and endothelial function in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (20) ◽  
pp. 1590-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushan Yang ◽  
Shi Huang ◽  
Lori B Daniels ◽  
Joseph Yeboah ◽  
Joao A C Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Ethnic Study

ObjectiveNatriuretic peptides (NPs) are hormones with cardioprotective effects. NP levels vary by race; however, the pathophysiological consequences of lower NP levels are not well understood. We aimed to quantify the association between NPs and endothelial function as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and the contribution of NP levels to racial differences in endothelial function.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study of 2938 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants (34% Caucasian, 20% African-American, 20% Asian-American and 26% Hispanic) without cardiovascular disease at baseline, multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between serum N-terminal pro-B-type NP (NT-proBNP) and natural log-transformed FMD. We also tested whether NT-proBNP mediated the relationship between race and FMD using the product of coefficients method.ResultsAmong African-American and Chinese-American individuals, lower NT-proBNP levels were associated with lower FMD, β=0.06 (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.09; p<0.001) and β=0.06 (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.09; p=0.002), respectively. Non-significant associations between NT-proBNP and FMD were found in Hispanic and Caucasian individuals. In multivariable models, endothelial function differed by race, with African-American individuals having the lowest FMD compared with Caucasians, p<0.001. Racial differences in FMD among African-Americans and Chinese-Americans were mediated in part by NT-proBNP levels (African-Americans, mediation effect: −0.03(95% CI: −0.05 to −0.01); Chinese-Americans, mediation effect: −0.03(95% CI: −0.05 to −0.01)).ConclusionsLower NP levels are associated with worse endothelial function among African-Americans and Chinese-Americans. A relative NP deficiency in some racial/ethnic groups may contribute to differences in vascular function.

scholarly journals Race/Ethnicity-Specific Associations between Smoking, Serum Leptin, and Abdominal Fat: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-538
Author(s):  
Sina Kianoush ◽  
Andrew P. DeFilippis ◽  
Carlos J. Rodriguez ◽  
Mahmoud Al Rifai ◽  
Emelia J. Benjamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Outcomes Measures ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Never Smokers

Objective: Smoking is a well-known cardio­vascular risk factor associated with weight loss. We aimed to evaluate the association between smoking, serum leptin levels, and abdominal fat.Design: Cross-sectionalSetting: Data from examinations 2 or 3 (2002-2005) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)Participants: 1,875 asymptomatic, commu­nity-dwelling adultsMain Outcomes Measures: We used multivariable linear regression models to assess the race/ethnicity-specific associations between smoking, serum loge-leptin levels, and computed tomography ascertained abdominal fat. Results were adjusted for de­mographic and relevant clinical covariates.Results: Participants (mean age 64.5±9.6 years; 50.6% women; 42.2% former, 11.4% current smokers) were White (40.1%), His­panic (25.8%), African American (21.1%), and Chinese (13.0%). Overall, median (25th – 75th percentile) leptin levels were signifi­cantly lower among current (11.14 ng/mL; 4.13 – 26.18) and former smokers (11.68 ng/mL; 4.72 – 27.57), as compared with never smokers (15.61 ng/mL; 3.05 – 30.12) (P<.001). The difference in median leptin levels between current and never smok­ers were significantly higher for Hispan­ics (Δ9.64 ng/mL) and African Americans (Δ8.81 ng/mL) than Whites (Δ2.10 ng/mL) and Chinese (Δ4.70 ng/mL) (P<.001). After adjustment for total abdominal fat, loge- leptin levels remained lower for former (-.14 [-.22 – -.07]) and current (-.17 [-.28 – -.05]) smokers, compared with never smokers. Results differed by race/ethnicity, with signif­icantly lower loge-leptin levels observed only among current and former African Ameri­cans and Hispanic smokers, compared with their never smoker counterparts. (Ps for interaction <.05)Conclusions: Among smokers, leptin levels significantly vary by race/ethnicity. Former and current smoking are associ­ated with lower leptin levels, although this may be restricted to Hispanics and African Americans. Ethn Dis. 2018;28(4):531-538; doi:10.18865/ed.28.4.531

scholarly journals Comparison of Statistical Methods for Estimating Genetic Admixture in a Lung Cancer Study of African Americans and Latinos

2008 ◽  
Vol 168 (9) ◽  
pp. 1035-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda C. Aldrich ◽  
Steve Selvin ◽  
Helen M. Hansen ◽  
Lisa F. Barcellos ◽  
Margaret R. Wrensch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Cancer Study

scholarly journals The Effect of Nebivolol on Office Blood Pressure of Blacks Residing in Sub-Saharan Africa (A Pilot Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dike Ojji ◽  
Boni Maxime Ale ◽  
Lamkur Shedul ◽  
Ejiroghene Umuerri ◽  
Emmanuel Ejim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction: There is substantial clinical evidence that monotherapy with beta-blockers are less effective in reducing blood pressure among hypertensive Black patients compared to Whites. The highly selective beta-1 agents like nebivolol and bisoprolol have, however, been reported to be effective in reducing blood pressure in African Americans. However, results in African Americans cannot be extrapolated to native Africans because of genetic admixture and gene-environment interaction. There is, therefore, the need for us to generate data that are applicable to Africans residing in sub-Saharan Africa. We therefore decided to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of highly selective beta-1 agent nebivolol in hypertensive Black patients residing in sub-Saharan Africa.Materials and Methods: The nebivolol study was a multicenter, prospective, observational program among hypertensive patients with 4- and 8-week follow up which was conducted in 5 cities in Nigeria of Abuja, Calabar, Enugu, Oghara, and Port Harcourt. Dosages of nebivolol used in keeping with local prescribing information were 5 and 10 mg once daily each. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by change from baseline in mean office systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and the proportion of patients achieving the therapeutic goal of &lt;140/90 mmHg. Safety and tolerability of this medication were also assessed.Results: We report the results of the 140 patients studied. The mean age and body mass index were 46.9 ± 7.3 years and 22.3 ± 5.8 kg/m2, respectively, and 57.1% were female. Nebivolol reduced SBP and DBP by 7.6 and 6.6 mmHg, respectively, in 4 weeks, and by 11.1 and 8.0 mm Hg, respectively, in 8 weeks. Blood pressure control was achieved in 54.8% of the patients in 4 weeks and increased to 60.4% in 8 weeks. There was no change in metabolic profile between randomization and at 8 weeks, and erectile dysfunction occurred in 1.3% of the study population.Conclusions: Nebivolol 5 and 10 mg appear efficacious in Nigerian Africans with no negative metabolic effect and minimal side effect profile.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Study Identification: NCT 03598673.

Abstract 330: Ethnic Variability in the Association of Pulse Pressure with Adhesion Pathway Proteins: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Berardi ◽  
Michael Tsai ◽  
James S Pankow ◽  
Michele Sale ◽  
Mariza de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Adhesion Protein ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Artery Stiffness ◽  
Ethnic Variability ◽  
The Difference

Pulse pressure (PP), defined as the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, is considered a marker of large artery stiffness and has been shown to independently predict cardiovascular disease. Differences among ethnicities with regard to PP have been previously described, yet the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. In addition, biomarkers of inflammation and matrix remodeling have been shown to be involved in the development of arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of adhesion pathway components in the development of arterial stiffness measured by PP among four ethnicities. E-cadherin, HGF, L-selectin, P-selectin, 6-Ckine, MMP1, MMP2, RANTES, SDF1, SLPI, TGFβ1, TIMP2 and VCAM were measured in a random sample of 2402 participants (579 African Americans, 619 Caucasians, 600 Chinese and 604 Hispanics) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study at Exam 2. PP was measured concurrently and its association with each adhesion protein level was assessed via linear regression in each ethnicity. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Mean PP was significantly different among ethnicities: 55.9±18.0 mmHg in African Americans, 52.1± 16.1 mmHg in Caucasians, 51.4±16.4 mmHg in Chinese, and 55.0±17.5 in Hispanics, p<0.001. MMP2 was positively associated with PP among African Americans (β=2.3 (0.6), p<0.001) and Caucasians (β=1.7 (0.5), p=0.001); TIMP2 among Caucasians (β=1.5 (0.5), p=0.002) and to a lesser extent among African Americans (β=1.2 (0.6) p=0.050) and Chinese (β=1.3 (0.6), p=0.034). SDF1 was associated to PP in African Americans (β=1.4 (0.6), p=0.017) and in Chinese (β=1.1 (0.5), p=0.042); finally an association existed between TGFβ1 and PP in C (β=1.1 (0.5), p=0.025). None of the studied proteins was associated with PP in Hispanics. In conclusion, components of the adhesion pathway were correlated to PP in this large multi-ethnic cohort, possibly giving new insight on the pathophysiology of arterial stiffness. In addition, heterogeneity by ethnicity suggests different mechanisms in the development of arterial stiffness.

Abstract MP057: Associations of CD4+ Memory and Naïve T Lymphocytes and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nels C Olson ◽  
Nancy S Jenny ◽  
Sally A Huber ◽  
Richard A Kronmal ◽  
Bruce M Psaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African Americans ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Agatston Score ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
European Americans ◽  
H Pylori

Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving both innate and adaptive immune responses, characterized by the accumulation of T lymphocytes throughout the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, we hypothesized that increased CD4+ memory cells and decreased CD4+ naïve cells would be associated with atherosclerosis. To date, no multi-ethnic population-based studies have examined this question. Methods: Peripheral blood memory and naive subpopulations were measured by flow cytometry and defined by the markers CD4+CD45RO+ and CD4+CD45RA+, respectively. Data were analyzed as a proportion of CD4+ cells. Associations were explored with demographic and cardiovascular disease-related variables, and markers of infection, inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis in a random subset (n=914 participants, composed of European Americans (n=397), Chinese Americans (n=96), African Americans (n=187) and Hispanics (n=234); mean age 66 years) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Agatston score, a measure of coronary calcification, was evaluated by cardiac computed tomography (CT) scan; serologies representing past exposure to pathogens were measured in serum by immunoassays. CD4+ cell indices were measured at Exam 4 (2005-2007); cardiovascular disease variables were obtained at the nearest previous exam; some measures, such as serologies, were available only at baseline (2000-2002). Results: Mean levels of circulating naïve, but not memory, CD4+ T cells were higher in woman than men (30.0% and 26.3%, respectively; P<0.0001) and negatively associated with age (P<0.0001). European Americans (EAs) had higher levels of naïve cells compared with African Americans and Hispanics (30.7%, 26.0% and 25.0%, respectively) and lower levels of memory cells compared with the same groups (50.7%, 55.7% and 58.0%, respectively; P<0.05); Chinese Americans were similar to EAs. Adjusting for age, gender and race/ethnicity, CD4+ naïve cells were inversely associated with past exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Hepatitis A and H. Pylori (P<0.001), while memory cells were positively associated with CMV and H. Pylori (P<0.01). Using standardized linear regression models, CD4+ naïve cells were inversely associated with BMI (β= -1.62 ± 0.48), the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) (β= -1.21 ± 0.48) and IL-6 (β= -1.79 ± 0.48) and with a positive Agatston score (β= -1.53 ± 0.65) (P<0.05); memory cells were positively associated with these same variables, after adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity. Conclusion: Differences in CD4+ T lymphocytes, including increased populations of memory cells and decreased populations of naïve cells, are associated with atherosclerosis as estimated by Agatston scores. These findings suggest that excess immune activation, as reflected by these differences, may contribute to atherosclerotic calcification.

scholarly journals Differences in Diet Quality among Multiple US Racial/Ethnic Groups from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1509-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A Rodriguez ◽  
Yichen Jin ◽  
Sameera A Talegawkar ◽  
Marcia C de Oliveira Otto ◽  
Namratha R Kandula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Racial Ethnic

ABSTRACT Background Diet quality is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Little is known about the diet quality of South Asians in the United States, a group with higher rates of T2D and CVD compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Objective This study determined whether diet quality differs between South Asian adults in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study and whites, Chinese Americans, African Americans, and Hispanics in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Methods Cross-sectional data from 3926 participants free of CVD from MESA visit 5 (2010–2011) and 889 South Asian participants from MASALA visit 1 (2010–2013) were pooled. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) derived using FFQs. Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and total energy intake were used to compare mean differences in diet quality between the racial/ethnic groups. Results MESA participants were, on average, 14 y older than MASALA participants. The adjusted mean (95% CI) scores for the AHEI-2010 were 70.2 (69.5, 70.9) among South Asians, 66.2 (66.3, 68.2) among Chinese Americans, 61.1 (60.7, 61.6) among whites, 59.0 (58.4, 59.7) among Hispanics, and 57.5 (56.9, 58.1) among African Americans. The mean AHEI scores among South Asians were 3.1 (1.8, 4.3), 9.2 (8.3, 10.1), 11.2 (10.2, 12.3), and 12.8 (11.8, 13.7) points higher compared with Chinese Americans, whites, Hispanics, and African Americans, respectively. Conclusions South Asian adults in the United States have a higher diet quality compared with other racial/ethnic groups. This paradoxical finding is not consistent with the observed higher rates of T2D and CVD compared with other groups. This is further evidence of the importance of studying the South Asian population to better understand the causes of chronic disease not explained by diet quality.

scholarly journals Associations Between Neighborhood Park Access and Longitudinal Change in Cognition in Older Adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Lilah Besser ◽  
Lun-Ching Chang ◽  
Kelly R. Evenson ◽  
Jana Hirsch ◽  
Yvonne Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Global Cognition

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests associations between neighborhood park access and better late-life cognition and reduced Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. Objective: Examine associations between neighborhood park access and longitudinal change in cognition among U.S. older adults without dementia. Methods: We used 2000–2018 observational data from the population-based, multi-site Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (n = 1,733). Measures included proportion of neighborhood park space (park access), distance to nearest park, and 6-year dichotomous and continuous change in scores on the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI; global cognition) and Digit Symbol Coding task (processing speed). Multivariable random intercept models tested main associations and mediation by depressive symptoms, physical activity, and PM2.5 exposure. Effect modification by race (African Americans/Blacks versus Whites) was tested using interaction terms. Results: Greater park access (equivalent to 10%more in 1/2-mile around home) was associated with maintained/improved CASI score over six years independent of several covariates including individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (Odds ratio: 1.04; 95%confidence interval: 1.00–1.08). No other associations were observed with the dichotomous or continuous measures of cognitive change and no mediators were found. While a borderline association was seen between greater park access and maintained/improved CASI for African Americans/Blacks but not for Whites, effect modification was not confirmed by testing interaction terms. Conclusion: Neighborhood park access may help maintain/improve late-life global cognition. However, our findings need replication in other population-based studies and regions. Additionally, studies are needed to determine if associations between park access and change in cognition vary by race/ethnicity to inform intervention efforts.

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