Is Television a Health and Safety Hazard? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of At-Risk Behavior on Primetime Television1

Although many assume that the relationship between the autocracy-democracy continuum and discrimination is linear, with autocracies discriminating the most and democracies discriminating the least, the assumption is not universal. This study uses the Minorities at Risk dataset to test this relationship with regard to government treatment of religiously differentiated ethnic minorities (ethnoreligious minorities) as well as ethnic minorities that are not religiously differentiated. The results show that the pattern of treatment of ethnoreligious minorities differs from that of other ethnic minorities. The extent to which a state is democratic has no clear influence on the level of discrimination against non-religiously differentiated ethnic minorities, but it has a clear influence on the level of discrimination against ethnoreligious minorities. Autocracies discriminate more than democracies against ethnoreligious minorities, but semi-democracies, those governments that are situated between democracies and autocracies, discriminate even less. This result is consistent on all 11 measures used here and is statistically significant for seven of them, and it remains strong when controlling for other factors, including separatism. This phenomenon increases in strength from the beginning to the end of the 1990s. Also, democracies discriminate against ethnoreligious minorities more than they do against other minorities. The nature of liberal democracy may provide an explanation for this phenomenon.

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Factors associated with risk of developmental delay in preschool children in a setting with high rates of malnutrition: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the IHOPE study, Madagascar

10.21203/rs.2.18032/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ann Miller ◽

Andres Garchitorena ◽

Faramalala Rabemananjara ◽

Laura Cordier ◽

Marius Randriamanambintsoa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Developmental Delay ◽

Action Plan ◽

International Norms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Stunting ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Z Scores ◽

Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background: 50% of Malagasy children have moderate to severe stunting. In 2016, a new 10-year National Nutrition Action Plan (PNAN III) was initiated to help address stunting and developmental delay. We report factors associated with risk of developmental delay in 3 and 4 year olds in the rural district of Ifanadiana in southeastern Madagascar in 2016. Methods: The data are from a cross-sectional analysis of the 2016 wave of IHOPE panel data (a population-representative cohort study begun in 2014). We interviewed women ages 15-49 using the MICS Early Child Development Indicator (ECDI) module, which includes questions for physical, socio-emotional, learning and literacy/numeracy domains. We analyzed ECDI data using standardized z scores for relative relationships for 2 outcomes: at-risk-for-delay vs. an international standard, and lower-development-than-peers if ECDI z scores were >1 standard deviation below study mean. Covariates included demographics, adult involvement, household environment, and selected child health factors. Variables significant at alpha of 0.1 were included a multivariable model; final models used backward stepwise regression, clustered at the sampling level. Results: Of 432 children ages 3 and 4 years, 173 (40%) were at risk for delay compared to international norms and 68 children (16.0%) had lower-development than peers. This was driven mostly by the literacy/numeracy domain, with only 7% of children considered developmentally on track in that domain. 50.5% of children had moderate to severe stunting. 76 (17.6%) had >=4 stimulation activities in past 3 days. Greater paternal engagement (OR 1.59(1.13, 2.21)) was associated with increased delay vs. international norms. Adolescent motherhood (OR3.89 (1.32, 11.48)) decreased children’s development vs. peers. Engagement from a non-parental adult reduced odds of delay for both outcomes (OR(95%CI =0.76 (0.61, 0.93) & 0.28(0.16, 0.50) respectively). Stunting was not associated with delay risk (1.33 (0.83, 2.14) or low development (0.91(0.47, 1.74)) when controlling for other factors. Conclusions: In this setting of high child malnutrition, stunting is not independently associated with developmental risk. A low proportion of children receive developmentally supportive stimulation from adults, but non-parent adults provide more stimulation in general than either mother or father. Stimulation from non-parent adults is associated with lower odds of delay

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0345 OLFACTORY DYSFUNCTION IN INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA AND IN FIRST EPISODE SUBJECTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/s0920-9964(06)70270-5 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 ◽

pp. S90-S91

Author(s):

T. Kaur ◽

K.M. Shafer ◽

K.S. Cadenhead

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Olfactory Dysfunction ◽

First Episode ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis

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Prevalence of Probable Shift Work Disorder in Non-Standard Work Schedules and Associations with Sleep, Health and Safety Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Nature and Science of Sleep ◽

10.2147/nss.s301493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Volume 13 ◽

pp. 683-693

Author(s):

Amy C Reynolds ◽

Sally A Ferguson ◽

Sarah L Appleton ◽

Meagan E Crowther ◽

Yohannes Adama Melaku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shift Work ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Work Schedules ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Standard Work ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Shift Work Disorder ◽

Safety Outcomes ◽

Sectional Analysis

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OP34 Are older people with diabetes an at-risk group for falls? a cross-sectional analysis of community-dwelling adults ≥50 years in Ireland

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2015-206256.33 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. A23.1-A23

Author(s):

AN O’Donoghue ◽

SM McHugh

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Older People ◽

Risk Group ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis

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Associations of reallocating sitting time into standing or stepping with glucose, insulin and insulin sensitivity: a cross-sectional analysis of adults at risk of type 2 diabetes

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014267 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e014267 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Charlotte L Edwardson ◽

Joe Henson ◽

Danielle H Bodicoat ◽

Kishan Bakrania ◽

Kamlesh Khunti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

At Risk ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis

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Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the changes in marijuana use in the USA, 2005–2018

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e037905

Author(s):

William Mitchell ◽

Roma Bhatia ◽

Nazlee Zebardast

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

At Risk ◽

Age Groups ◽

Marijuana Use ◽

High School Education ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Younger Age ◽

The Usa ◽

Sectional Analysis

ObjectivesUnderstanding trends of marijuana use in the USA throughout a period of particularly high adoption of marijuana-legalisation, and understanding demographics most at risk of use, is important in evolving healthcare policy and intervention. This study analyses the demographic-specific changes in the prevalence of marijuana use in the USA between 2005 and 2018.Design, setting and participantsA 14-year retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, a publicly available biennially collected national survey, weighted to represent the entire US population. A total of 35 212 adults between 18 and 69 years old participated in the seven-cycles of surveys analysed (2005–2018).Primary outcome measuredLifetime use, first use before 18 years old, and past-year use of marijuana.ResultsThe majority of adults reported ever using marijuana. While the overall prevalence of lifetime marijuana use remained stable (p=0.53), past-year use increased significantly between 2005 and 2018 (p<0.001) with highest rate of past-year use among younger age groups (p<0.001), males (p<0.001) and those with income below poverty level (p<0.001). Past-year use was the most common among non-Hispanic blacks, and less common among Hispanic/Mexican populations (p<0.002). Trends in past-year use increased among all age categories, males/females, all ethnicities, those with high school education/above, and those at all income levels (p<0.01 for all).ConclusionsWhile lifetime marijuana use remained stable, past-year use significantly increased between 2005 and 2018. While past-year use remained the most common in younger age groups, males, non-Hispanic blacks and those with lower income; increasing trends in past-year use were significant for all age, sex, race and income categories, and for those with high school education/above. With high adoption of marijuana-legalisation laws during this period, our results suggest an associated increase in past-year marijuana use.An accurate understanding of those most at risk can help to inform decisions of healthcare policy-makers and professionals, and facilitate a safe transition of changing marijuana legalisation and use in the USA.

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