scholarly journals Postnatal development of the rabbit caecal microbiota composition and activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Combes ◽  
Rory Julien Michelland ◽  
Valérie Monteils ◽  
Laurent Cauquil ◽  
Vincent Soulié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

scholarly journals Effects of monobutyrin and tributyrin on liver lipid profile, caecal microbiota composition and SCFA in high-fat diet-fed rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thao Duy Nguyen ◽  
Olena Prykhodko ◽  
Frida Fåk Hållenius ◽  
Margareta Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

AbstractButyric acid has been shown to have suppressive effects on inflammation and diseases related to the intestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether supplementation of two glycerol esters, monobutyrin (MB) and tributyrin (TB), would reach the hindgut of rats, thus having an effect on the caecal profile of SCFA, microbiota composition and some risk markers associated with chronic inflammation. For this purpose, rats were fed high-fat diets after adding MB (1 and 5 g/kg) and TB (5 g/kg) to a diet without any supplementation (high-fat control; HFC). A low-fat (LF) diet was also included. In the liver, total cholesterol concentrations, LDL-cholesterol concentrations, LDL:HDL ratio, and succinic acid concentrations were reduced in rats given the MB and TB (5 g/kg) diets, compared with the group fed the HFC diet. These effects were more pronounced in MB than TB groups as also expressed by down-regulation of the gene Cyp8b1. The composition of the caecal microbiota in rats fed MB and TB was separated from the group fed the HFC diet, and also the LF diet, as evidenced by the absence of the phylum TM7 and reduced abundance of the genera Dorea (similar to LF-fed rats) and rc4-4. Notably, the caecal abundance of Mucispirillum was markedly increased in the MB group compared with the HFC group. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of MB and TB can be used to counteract disturbances associated with a HFC diet, by altering the gut microbiota, and decreasing liver lipids and succinic acid concentrations.

Evaluation of the efficacy of sequential or continuous administration of probiotics and phytogenics in broiler diets

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Mountzouris ◽  
P. Tsirtsikos ◽  
G. Papadomichelakis ◽  
G. Schatzmayr ◽  
K. Fegeros
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

Three dietary combinations of probiotics and phytogenics administered sequentially or continuously were assessed for their effects on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, caecal microbiota composition, volatile fatty acid (VFA) pattern and plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC). One-day-old Cobb male broilers (n = 525) were allocated to five experimental treatments for 42 days. Each treatment had three replicates of 35 broilers each. Depending on the time-frame of sequential or continuous addition in the basal diet (BD) of the probiotics (108 CFU/kg BD) and phytogenics (125 mg/kg BD), experimental treatments were: control (no additions, Days 1–42); PE1, probiotic Days 1–14 and phytogenic Days 15–42; PE2, probiotic Days 1–28 and phytogenic Days 29–42; PE3, probiotic and phytogenic continuously (Days 1–42); and A (2.5 mg avilamycin/kg diet, Days 1–42). There was no loss of probiotic viability upon mixing with the phytogenic for up to 7 days. Overall bodyweight gain was higher (P = 0.025) in the control and PE1 than PE2 and PE3, whereas Treatment A was intermediate and not different from the rest. Overall feed intake in the control was the highest (P = 0.003). Treatments PE1, PE2 and PE3 had better (P = 0.004) overall feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the control. The FCR in PE1 and PE3 did not differ from A, which had the best FCR. Mortality did not differ among treatments. Nutrient digestibility and caecal microbiota composition did not differ among treatments. However, differences (P ≤ 0.05) in caecal VFA pattern were noted, with the control having the lowest acetate molar ratio as well as the highest sum of valeric, hexanoic and heptanoic acids. Plasma TAC in the control was lower than in PE3, PE1 and PE2 at Day 14 (P < 0.001) and PE1 (P = 0.003) at Day 42. The concept of sequential or throughout probiotic and phytogenic administration showed promising results regarding feed efficiency and plasma TAC.

scholarly journals Effect of virgin coconut oil on caecal microbiota composition in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. 012080 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mitic-Culafic ◽  
S Djurasevic ◽  
Z Todorovic ◽  
J Knezevic-Vukcevic ◽  
J Djordjevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

scholarly journals Environmental Impact on Differential Composition of Gut Microbiota in Indoor Chickens in Commercial Production and Outdoor, Backyard Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Zuzana Seidlerova ◽  
Tereza Kubasova ◽  
Marcela Faldynova ◽  
Magdalena Crhanova ◽  
Daniela Karasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Caecal Microbiota ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

In this study, we compared the caecal microbiota composition of egg-laying hens from commercial production that are kept indoors throughout their whole life with microbiota of hens kept outdoors. The microbiota of outdoor hens consisted of lower numbers of bacterial species than the microbiota of indoor hens. At the phylum level, microbiota of outdoor hens was enriched for Bacteroidetes (62.41 ± 4.47% of total microbiota in outdoor hens and 52.01 ± 6.27% in indoor hens) and Proteobacteria (9.33 ± 4.99% in outdoor and 5.47 ± 2.24% in indoor hens). On the other hand, Firmicutes were more abundant in the microbiota of indoor hens (33.28 ± 5.11% in indoor and 20.66 ± 4.41% in outdoor hens). Horizontally transferrable antibiotic resistance genes tetO, tet(32), tet(44), and tetW were also less abundant in the microbiota of outdoor hens than indoor hens. A comparison of the microbiota composition at the genus and species levels pointed toward isolates specifically adapted to the two extreme environments. However, genera and species recorded as being similarly abundant in the microbiota of indoor and outdoor hens are equally as noteworthy because these represent microbiota members that are highly adapted to chickens, irrespective of their genetics, feed composition, and living environment.

Impact of Host Genetics on Caecal Microbiota Composition and on Salmonella Carriage in Chicken

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Cazals ◽  
Jordi ESTELLÉ ◽  
Nicolas BRUNEAU ◽  
Jean-Luc COVILLE ◽  
Pierrette MENANTEAU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Abundant Otus ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

Abstract Background Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is one of the major causes of human foodborne intoxication through the consumption of contaminated poultry products. Genetic selection of animals more resistant to Salmonella carriage and the modulation of gut microbiota are two promising ways of decreasing individual Salmonella carriage. This study aims to identify the main genetic and microbial factors controlling the individual levels of Salmonella carriage in chickens (Gallus gallus) in controlled experimental conditions. Two-hundred and forty animals from the White Leghorn inbred lines, N and 61, were infected by SE at 7 days of age. After infection, animals were kept in isolators to reduce the recontamination of birds by Salmonella. Caecal contents were sampled at 12 days post-infection and used for DNA extraction. Microbiota DNA was used to measure individual counts of SE by digital PCR and to determine the bacterial taxonomic composition through a 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing approach. Results Results confirmed that the N line is more resistant to Salmonella carriage than the 61 line, and that intra-line variability is higher for the 61 line. Furthermore, the 16S analysis showed strong significant differences in microbiota taxonomic composition between the two lines. Out of 617 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), over 390 were differentially abundant between the two lines. Furthermore, within the 61 line, we found a difference in the microbiota taxonomic composition between high and low Salmonella carriers, with 39 differentially abundant OTUs. Finally, via metagenome functional prediction based on 16S data, we identified several metabolic pathways potentially associated to microbiota taxonomic differences (e.g. butyrate metabolism) between high and low carriers. Conclusions Overall, this study demonstrates that the caecal microbiota composition of the N and 61 lines is influenced by the host genetics, which could be one of the reasons why these lines differ for their Salmonella carriage in experimental infection conditions.

scholarly journals Caecal Microbiota Composition of Experimental Laying Hens Differs According to Genetic Line and Vaccination to IBV

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Borey ◽  
Bertrand Bed'Hom ◽  
Nicolas Bruneau ◽  
Jordi Estellé ◽  
Frederik Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Main Association ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

Abstract BackgroundInteractions between the gut microbiota and the immune system may be involved in the vaccine response. In the present study, we studied the correlations between caecal microbiota composition and the immune response in six experimental laying hen lines harboring different haplotypes at the Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC), 7 weeks after their first vaccination against the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Two lines were previously considered as high responders (HR) to IBV vaccination and two other ones as low responders (LR). We explored to what extent the gut microbiota could be related to this variability through the characterization of caecal bacterial communities with a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach, one week after an IBV infectious challenge. ResultsWe observed significant effects of both the vaccination and the genetic line on the microbiota, with lower bacterial richness in vaccinated chickens, especially in the Ruminococcaceae family. We also observed dissimilar caecal communities among the different MHC lines, and among the vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals. The effect of vaccination was similar in all the lines, with a reduced abundance of OTUs from the Ruminococcacea UCG-014 and Faecalibacterium genera, and an increased abundance of OTUs from the Eisenbergiella genus. The main association between the microbiota and the immune phenotypes implied TCRϒδ expression on TCRϒδ+ T cells, which especially shared negative associations with OTUs from the Escherichia-Shigella genus. Finally, opposing the HR and LR groups, we identified 3 OTUs more abundant in the HR group, from the Tyzzeralla family, the Angelakisella genus, and to a lower extent the Flavonifractor family. Conversely, an OTU from the CAG-352 genus was more abundant in the LR group. ConclusionsWe assessed that the caecal microbiota composition is associated with the IBV vaccine response in laying chickens, and that TCRϒδ expression on TCRϒδ+ T cells appears as one of the main components potentially involved in this interaction.

scholarly journals Intensive Training and Sex Influence Intestinal Microbiota Composition: A Preclinical Approach

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Patricia Ruiz-Iglesias ◽  
Malén Massot-Cladera ◽  
Sheila Estruel-Amades ◽  
Francisco J. PérezCano ◽  
Margarida Castell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

Lifestyle, including regular physical activity and dietary habits, influences microbiota composition. Although some studies have demonstrated changes in microbiota composition due to moderate or high intensity training in athletes, the relationship between physical activity and changes in the intestinal bacteria is still a matter of discussion. In addition, as most studies are performed on males, the role of sexual dimorphism deserves to be explored. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study was to ascertain the influence of an intensive training and the rat’s sex on caecal microbiota composition. For this purpose, female and male 4-week-old Wistar rats were submitted to a 4-week running training program. At the end, caecal samples were collected immediately after performing an exhaustion test to characterize the microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing technique. Parallel groups of female and male sedentary (SED) rats (age matched) were included. The results showed that young female rats had a higher ability to run than males but no sex- or training-associated changes were observed on microbiota diversity and richness indexes among groups. However, the Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium spp. proportions were significantly higher in male than in female rats when comparing SED groups (p < 0.05), whose proportions in males were decreased by the training program (p < 0.05 vs. SED). On the contrary, female SED rats showed a higher proportion of Odoribacteraceae (belonging to Bacteroidetes), Clostridiaceae and Eubacteriaceae (both Firmicutes) than in the respective male group (p < 0.05), although Eubacteriaceae proportion decreased by running (p < 0.05 vs. SED). However, training increased the proportion of the Paraeggerthella genus (Actinobacteria) in female rats with respect to its sedentary counterpart (p < 0.05). Overall, caecal microbiota composition is modified by intensive training in young rats but there are also sex-based differences that should be considered for interventional studies.

scholarly journals Deficiency of essential dietary n-3 PUFA disrupts the caecal microbiome and metabolome in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 959-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruairi C. Robertson ◽  
Clara Seira Oriach ◽  
Kiera Murphy ◽  
Gerard M. Moloney ◽  
John F. Cryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Metabolic Phenotyping ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Cardio Protection ◽  
Caecal Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstractn-3 PUFA are lipids that play crucial roles in immune-regulation, cardio-protection and neurodevelopment. However, little is known about the role that these essential dietary fats play in modulating caecal microbiota composition and the subsequent production of functional metabolites. To investigate this, female C57BL/6 mice were assigned to one of three diets (control (CON), n-3 supplemented (n3+) or n-3 deficient (n3−)) during gestation, following which their male offspring were continued on the same diets for 12 weeks. Caecal content of mothers and offspring were collected for 16S sequencing and metabolic phenotyping. n3− male offspring displayed significantly less % fat mass than n3+ and CON. n-3 Status also induced a number of changes to gut microbiota composition such that n3− offspring had greater abundance of Tenericutes, Anaeroplasma and Coriobacteriaceae. Metabolomics analysis revealed an increase in caecal metabolites involved in energy metabolism in n3+ including α-ketoglutaric acid, malic acid and fumaric acid. n3− animals displayed significantly reduced acetate, butyrate and total caecal SCFA production. These results demonstrate that dietary n-3 PUFA regulate gut microbiota homoeostasis whereby n-3 deficiency may induce a state of disturbance. Further studies are warranted to examine whether these microbial and metabolic disturbances are causally related to changes in metabolic health outcomes.

Inter-individual variation shapes the human microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily F. Wissel ◽  
Leigh K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Microbiome Research

Abstract The target article suggests inter-individual variability is a weakness of microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) research, but we discuss why it is actually a strength. We comment on how accounting for individual differences can help researchers systematically understand the observed variance in microbiota composition, interpret null findings, and potentially improve the efficacy of therapeutic treatments in future clinical microbiome research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document