Periodontal tissue engineering with stem cells from the periodontal ligament of human retained deciduous teeth

Introduction. Several biomaterials are used in periodontal tissue engineering in order to obtain a three-dimensional scaffold, which could enhance the oral bone regeneration. These novel biomaterials, when placed in the affected area, activate a cascade of events, inducing regenerative cellular responses, and replacing the missing tissue. Natural and synthetic polymers can be used alone or in combination with other biomaterials, growth factors, and stem cells. Natural-based polymer chitosan is widely used in periodontal tissue engineering. It presents biodegradability, biocompatibility, and biological renewability properties. It is bacteriostatic and nontoxic and has hemostatic and mucoadhesive capacity. The aim of this systematic review is to obtain an updated overview of the utilization and effectiveness of chitosan-based scaffold (CS-bs) in the alveolar bone regeneration process. Materials and Methods. During database searching (using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL), 72 items were found. The title, abstract, and full text of each study were carefully analyzed and only 22 articles were selected. Thirteen articles were excluded based on their title, five after reading the abstract, twenty-six after reading the full text, and six were not considered because of their publication date (prior to 2010). Quality assessment and data extraction were performed in the twelve included randomized controlled trials. Data concerning cell proliferation and viability (CPV), mineralization level (M), and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALPA) were recorded from each article Results. All the included trials tested CS-bs that were combined with other biomaterials (such as hydroxyapatite, alginate, polylactic-co-glycolic acid, polycaprolactone), growth factors (basic fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein) and/or stem cells (periodontal ligament stem cells, human jaw bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells). Values about the proliferation of cementoblasts (CB) and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and the mineralization level determined by pure chitosan scaffolds resulted in lower than those caused by chitosan-based scaffolds combined with other molecules and biomaterials. Conclusions. A higher periodontal regenerative potential was recorded in the case of CS-based scaffolds combined with other polymeric biomaterials and bioceramics (bio compared to those provided by CS alone. Furthermore, literature demonstrated that the addition of growth factors and stem cells to CS-based scaffolds might improve the biological properties of chitosan.

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Mesenchymal stem cells in periodontics: new perspectives

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-863720170002000113459 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 254-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bruna Rabelo AMORIM ◽

Enilson Antonio SALLUM ◽

Marcio Zaffalon CASATI ◽

Karina Gonzales Silverio RUIZ ◽

Renato Correa Viana CASARIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Current Perspective ◽

Apical Papilla

ABSTRACT Tissue engineering is a contemporary field of science, which aims to create conditions based on principles of cell and molecular biology, bioengineering and biomaterials to regenerate tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells present high proliferation rates and are able to differentiate into multilineages under certain conditions, suggesting that they have great potential to act in regeneration field. Tooth derived stem cells are a suitable alternative source of mesenchymal cells once they are easily accessible and have poor morbidity to the donor. Studies showed that they have been isolated and characterized from diverse tissues such as dental pulp, exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, gingiva, dental follicle and apical papilla. However studies show that there is heterogeneity among these populations and there is no standard method to select the most appropriate tooth derived stem cells for regenerative procedures. The aim of this review is to present the current perspective of the multiple types of tooth-derived stem cells and to discuss the basis for their use in periodontal tissue engineering.

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A Review of the Epithelial Cell Rests of Malassez on the Bicentennial of Their Description

Journal of Veterinary Dentistry ◽

10.1177/0898756418811957 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 290-298

Author(s):

Eric M. Davis

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Epithelial Cell ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Current Status ◽

Periodontal Tissue ◽

Dental Tissue ◽

Functional Capabilities ◽

Dental Tissue Engineering

The epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM) were first described in 1817, yet their significance has remained an enigma for more than 200 years. Given their embryological origins and persistence in adult periodontal tissue, recent research has investigated whether the ERM could be useful as stem cells to regenerate tissues lost as a consequence of periodontitis. The objective of this review is to describe results of studies that have vigorously investigated the functional capabilities of ERM, particularly with regard to periodontal ligament homeostasis and prevention of dentoalveolar ankylosis. The significance of the ERM relative to evolution of the dental attachment apparatus will be examined. The current status of use of ERM as stem cells for dental tissue engineering and in other applications will be reviewed.

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SHED Aggregate Derived Exosomes-shuttled miR-222 Promotes the Regenerative Properties of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

10.21203/rs.3.rs-432229/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Feng Zhou ◽

Jia Guo ◽

Fang Wang ◽

Wanmin Zhao ◽

Xiaoning He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Tube Formation ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Aggregate Formation ◽

Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽

Mirna Sequencing

Abstract Background: Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) aggregate is still limited in clinical application for lack of angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of exosomes derived from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) aggregate (SA-Exo) on the aggregate formation and angiogenic properties of PDLSCs.Methods: SA-Exo were isolated by ultracentrifugation. The effect of SA-Exo on the aggregate formation and angiogenic differentiation of PDLSCs were evaluated by investigating extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and tube formation assay. MicroRNA (miRNA) sequencing was employed to screen different miRNA expression. The effect of targeting miRNA on ECM deposition and angiogenesis of PDLSCs aggregate was investigated after overexpression and inhibition of miRNA. Periodontal bone defect rat models were established to evaluate the effect of the PDLSCs aggregate and SA-Exo combination on periodontal bone regeneration. Results: SA-Exo could significantly enhance the ECM deposition and angiogenic ability of PDLSCs. The expression of ECM-associated proteins (COL-I, integrinβ1, and fibronectin), angiogenesis-related proteins (PDGF, ANG, TGFβRII), and related pathway (p-SMAD1/5 and p-SMAD2/3) were upregulated in PDLSCs aggregate with SA-Exo. Mechanistically, miR-222 was found relatively abundant in SA-Exo, which promoted ECM deposition and angiogenesis of PDLSCs. In vivo experiment further validated that combinational use of PDLSCs aggregate and SA-Exo promote more bone formation and neovascularization in rat’s periodontal bone defect.Conclusions: SA-Exo-shuttled miR-222 contributes to PDLSCs aggregate engineering by promoting aggregate formation and angiogenesis, which might through activate the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway.

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Zein/gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite nanofibrous scaffolds are biocompatible and promote osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/c8bm01653d ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1973-1983 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Qianmin Ou ◽

Yingling Miao ◽

Fanqiao Yang ◽

Xuefeng Lin ◽

Li-Ming Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽

Nanofibrous Scaffolds

In bone tissue engineering, it is important for biomaterials to promote the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells to achieve tissue regeneration.

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Biomaterial-Based Approaches for Regeneration of Periodontal Ligament and Cementum Using 3D Platforms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20184364 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (18) ◽

pp. 4364 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chan Ho Park

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Tooth Root ◽

Tissue Formation ◽

Periodontal Tissue ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Root Surfaces ◽

Periodontal Ligaments

Currently, various tissue engineering strategies have been developed for multiple tissue regeneration and integrative structure formations as well as single tissue formation in musculoskeletal complexes. In particular, the regeneration of periodontal tissues or tooth-supportive structures is still challenging to spatiotemporally compartmentalize PCL (poly-ε-caprolactone)-cementum constructs with micron-scaled interfaces, integrative tissue (or cementum) formations with optimal dimensions along the tooth-root surfaces, and specific orientations of engineered periodontal ligaments (PDLs). Here, we discuss current advanced approaches to spatiotemporally control PDL orientations with specific angulations and to regenerate cementum layers on the tooth-root surfaces with Sharpey’s fiber anchorages for state-of-the-art periodontal tissue engineering.

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MicroRNA-214 Suppresses Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Targeting ATF4

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2017/3028647 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Siqi Yao ◽

Wei Zhao ◽

Qianmin Ou ◽

Lanchen Liang ◽

Xuefeng Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Target Prediction ◽

Cell Types ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽

Activating Transcription Factor 4 ◽

Activating Transcription Factor

Periodontitis is the main cause of adult tooth loss. Stem cell-based tissue engineering has become a promising therapy for periodontitis treatment. To date, human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) have been shown to be a favorable source for tissue engineering, but modulatory mechanisms of hPDLSCs remain unclear. Approximately 60% of mammalian genes are the targets of over 2000 miRNAs in multiple human cell types, and miRNAs are able to influence various biological processes in the human body, including bone formation. In this study, we found that after osteogenic induction, miR-214 was significantly decreased in hPDLSCs; therefore, we examined the effects of miR-214 on osteogenic differentiation. Computational miRNA target prediction analyses and luciferase reporter assays revealed that activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a direct target of miR-214. We prepared cells overexpressing miR-214 and found that miR-214 negatively regulates osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. For the target of miR-214, ATF4 protein expression level was decreased after induction. In conclusion, we found that miR-214-ATF4 axis is a novel pathway for regulating hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation.

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