Sulphonamide Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Intra-Ocular Pressure in Rabbits. A comparison between in vitro and in vivo activities based on tissue distributions and physical and chemical properties of nine compounds.

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per J. Wistrand ◽  
James A. Rawls ◽  
Thomas H. Maren
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors ◽  
Intra Ocular Pressure ◽  
Ocular Pressure ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Efficacy, safety, and physicochemical properties of a flowable hemostatic agent made from absorbable gelatin sponge via vacuum pressure steam sterilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 088532822095089
Author(s):  
Yuanxing Zhou ◽  
Xiaochi Ma ◽  
Zhonghai Li ◽  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Hemostatic Agent ◽  
Gelatin Sponge ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

An effective and viable hemostatic agent is important for stopping bleeding during surgery. However, it is difficult to achieve hemostasis at uneven or deep bleeding sites using a gelatin sponge. A flowable hemostatic agent has therefore been developed by processing and improving gelatin sponge, to address bleeding under these conditions. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy, safety, and physical and chemical properties of this flowable hemostatic agent in various experiments. We examined its efficacy for stopping bleeding in a rabbit model of liver abrasion in vivo, and compared its efficacy in dynamic coagulation and erythrocyte aggregation tests with gelatin sponge in vitro. We also investigated its safety in rat histocompatibility and acute systemic toxicity tests in mice in vivo, and in hemolysis tests in vitro, to determine if the flowable hemostatic agent induced any pathological reactions or adverse events. In terms of its physical and chemical properties, we analyzed the morphology and chemical bonds of the flowable hemostatic agent by optical and electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy, and its absorbency and density. The flowable hemostatic agent resulted in a shorter mean bleeding time, less bleeding, greater likelihood of successful hemostasis, and reduced clotting time compared with gelatin sponge. The flowable agent produced some changes in physical morphology, but no pathological changes or undesirable outcomes were detected. This flowable topical hemostatic agent thus provides a safe and more effective hemostatic method than gelatin sponge, and more promising results for intraoperative hemostasis, especially on uneven or deep bleeding surfaces.

First insights into the biochemistry ofSabella spallanzanii(Annelida: Polychaeta) mucus: a potentially unexplored resource for applicative purposes

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Stabili ◽  
Roberto Schirosi ◽  
Angela Di Benedetto ◽  
Alessandro Merendino ◽  
Luciano Villanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
And Function ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Although mucus plays many different roles among marine invertebrates, relatively little is known about the link between biochemical structure and function. In the present study we focused on some physical and chemical properties of the polychaeteSabella spallanzanii's mucus such as viscosity, osmolarity, electrical conductivity, elemental composition, the protein and carbohydrate content, the total lipids and fatty acid composition, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination. Moreover, an antimicrobial activity of the mucus was investigated. The water content ofS. spallanzaniimucus was 96.2±0.3%. By dry weight 26±1.2% was protein, 8±0.21% was carbohydrate and only 0.1% lipid, much of the remainder of the dry weight was inorganic (about 65.2%). The estimated PCBs content was <0.005 μg g−1. The mucus ofS. spallanzaniiexerted a natural lysozyme-like activity and producedin vitrothe growth inhibition ofVibrio anguillarum, Vibrio harveyi, Pseudomonas aeruginosaandCandida albicans.The findings from this study contribute to improve the limited knowledge available on the mucus composition in invertebrates and have implications for future investigations related to employment ofS. spallanzaniimucus as a source of compounds of pharmaceutical and marine technological interest.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by a species of Cryptosporiopsis

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Stillwell ◽  
F. A. Wood ◽  
G. M. Strunz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Imperfect Fungus ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A growth inhibitor with the molecular formula C10H10O4Cl2 was isolated from a medium which had supported growth of a species of Cryptosporiopsis, an imperfect fungus. The compound was named cryptosporiopsin and was characterized on the basis of its physical and chemical properties. Cryptosporiopsin was active in vitro against many wood-rotting basidiomycetes as well as some phycomycetes, ascomycetes, and deuteromycetes. It was more effective than Dithane M-22 or nystatin against the in vitro spore germination of Phytophthora infestans. It was active to varying degrees against six species of bacteria. Cryptosporiopsin was compared with Orbenin and streptomycin against a penicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Zirconia Based Dental Biomaterials: Structure, Mechanical Properties, Biocompatibility, Surface Modification, and Applications as Implant

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Lin ◽  
Cuilan Yin ◽  
Anchun Mo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Zirconia Ceramics ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Orthopedic Applications ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Zirconia, with its excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability, biocompatibility, and negligible thermal conductivity, is ideal for dental and orthopedic applications. In addition, the biocompatibility of zirconia has been studied in vivo, and no adverse reactions were observed when zirconia samples were inserted into bone. However, their use is controversial among dentists and researchers, especially when compared with mature implants made of titanium alloy. The advantages and limitations of zirconia as biomaterials, such as implant materials, need to be carefully studied, and the design, manufacture, and clinical operation guidelines are urgently required. In this review, the special components, microstructure, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and the application of zirconia ceramics in biomaterials are detailly introduced. The review highlights discussions on how to implement innovative strategies to design the physical and chemical properties of zirconia so that the treated zirconia can provide better osteointegration after implantation.

Toxicology Perspective of Nanopharmaceuticals: A Critical Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1287-1295
Author(s):  
S C Patel ◽  
Patel R.C ◽  
Saiyed M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Health And Safety ◽  
Toxic Response ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Chemical Properties

For the last 10 years pharmaceutical research and industry has elucidated several innovations and practices in pharmaceutical nanotechnology. Due to the increasing use of nanoparticles, the risk of human exposure rapidly increases and reliable toxicity test systems are urgently needed. Nanotoxicology refers to the study of the interactions of nanostructures with biological systems with an emphasis on the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of nanostructures with induction of toxic biological responses. It involves their unique biodistribution, clearance, accumulation, immune response and metabolism. An understanding of the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of the nanostructure and their in-vivo behavior would provide a basis for assessing toxic response and more importantly could lead to better predictive models for assessing toxicity. The current regulations for nanoparticles containing products are still in a nascent stage. The advantages of nanoparticles led to failures in noticing the toxic outcomes in living organisms. Major changes are required by considering several factors including environmental, health and safety issues. The rapid commercialization of nanotechnology requires thoughtful open discussion of broader societal impacts and urgent toxicological oversight action.

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