Study on Cause of Death in Rat Neonates with Congenital Osteochondrodysplasia (ocd/ocd) I. Morphological Abnormalities in Lung and Respiratory Tract

One hundred twenty-six consecutive cases of sudden and unexpected death in children between the ages of 10 days and 2 years were studied. Anatomic and microbiologic studies were carried out and an investigation was made at the home in each case. Both sexes were equally vulnerable. Eighty-five per cent of the children were less than 6 months old. The peak incidence was at 2 months. Ninety-nine children were found dead and 27 were observed to die. The same variety and severity of anatomic lesions were found in both categories. Sixteen children in the same age range who died rapidly following known lethal voilence were studied as a control group. Of the nontraumatic sudden death ("unexplained") series 106 (84 per cent) revealed microscopic inflammatory changes in 1 or more sites of the respiratory tract, and histologic evidence of inflammatory disease in other organs was seen in many cases. Acute hemorrhagic pulmonary edema was a common anatomic finding (82 per cent). It was usually accompanied by visceral and cerebral congestion and hemorrhages. Special investigative procedures including staining of the liver for glycogen, determination of the glucose level of the cerebrospinal fluid and study of the adrenals for sudanophilia and birefringence indicated that these factors are without significance in sudden death in early life. A variety of congenital and acquired abnormalities, the presence of which had been unsuspected, was demonstrated at necropsy. Eleven per cent of the 126 cases showed no anatomic abnormalities other than the circulatory phenomena. No single bacterial organism or group of organisms was isolated with any degree of consistency from any site. All attempts to isolate viruses were negative. Ante-mortem symptomatology, circumstances of death, history of contact with infectious disease, and past history of repeated respiratory infection were without prognostic significance and were not pathognomic as to the cause of death. Eighty children had histories of mild illness for 48 hours or less prior to death. Fifty-three children had received some form of treatment during this interval. Sixty-nine children had histories of contact with infectious diseases. Forty-one children had past histories of repeated respiratory infections. The cases came from every social level. Sixty-five per cent had received good care while 35 per cent had received poor care. Many of the control cases showed inflamatory disease in the respiratory tract similar to that seen in the natural death group as well as anatomic evidence of lethal trauma. The inflammatory lesions are thus not incompatible with life. Several hypotheses are offered in an effort to link microscopic inflammatory respiratory tract changes with hemorrhagic pulmonary edema and sudden death. Anatomic and anamnestic evidence exclude mechanical suffocation by bedding. No statement as to the cause of death of an infant who has died suddenly and unexpectedly should be made without complete gross and microscopic studies and thorough investigation of the scene and circumstances of death.

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Inheritance vs. infectivity as a mechanism of malady and death of Frederic Chopin

Journal of Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s13353-021-00651-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michał Witt ◽

Tadeusz Dobosz

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Physical Condition ◽

High Probability ◽

Rare Complication ◽

Frederic Chopin ◽

Progressive Deterioration ◽

Tuberculous Pericarditis ◽

Short Period ◽

Macroscopic Analysis

AbstractBased on a macroscopic analysis of the heart of Frederic Chopin performed in 2014, it can be stated with high probability that the composer suffered from a long lasting tuberculosis as a primary disease, which was the cause of progressive deterioration of his physical condition and numerous symptoms mainly from the respiratory tract. Tuberculous pericarditis rapidly progressing within a rather short period of time, a relatively rare complication of diffuse tuberculosis, might have been an immediate cause of death. This would aptly coincide with a startling opinion that in an autopsy picture the composer’s heart had been more affected by the disease than the lungs.

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The Basics and the Advancements in Diagnosis of Bacterial Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics9020037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Stephanie Noviello ◽

David Huang

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Patient Treatment ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Tract Infections

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the leading infectious cause of death and the sixth-leading cause of death overall worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae, with more than 90 serotypes, remains the most common identified cause of community-acquired acute bacterial pneumonia. Antibiotics treat LRTIs with a bacterial etiology. With the potential for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, defining the etiology of the LRTI is imperative for appropriate patient treatment. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin are point-of-care tests that may differentiate bacterial versus viral etiologies of LRTIs. Major advancements are currently advancing the ability to make rapid diagnoses and identification of the bacterial etiology of LRTIs, which will continue to support antimicrobial stewardship, and is the focus of this review.

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Mucins and Asthma: Are We Headed to the Revolutionary Road?

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8111955 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1955

Author(s):

Pierachille Santus ◽

Dejan Radovanovic ◽

Davide Alberto Chiumello

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Severe Asthma ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Airway Epithelium ◽

Mucociliary Clearance ◽

Tissue Remodeling ◽

Potential Treatment ◽

First Line ◽

Mucus Hypersecretion ◽

Fatal Asthma

Mucus represents the first line of defense of our respiratory tract and mucociliary clearance is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of airway epithelium. The latter mechanisms are altered in asthma and mucus plugging of proximal and distal airways is the main cause of death in cases of fatal asthma. Starting from the influential review performed by Luke R. Bonser and David J. Erle in 2017, we discuss the latest evidence in terms of mucins regulation and potential treatment of mucus hypersecretion and tissue remodeling in severe asthma.

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INFECTIOUS CROUP. II. "VIRUS" CROUP

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2.4.415 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 415-427

Author(s):

EDWARD F. RABE

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Progressive Disease ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Severe Complication ◽

Type B ◽

Common Cause ◽

Clinical Forms ◽

Viral Influenza ◽

Respiratory Embarrassment

Of the three etiologic types of infections croup the most frequently occurring type in this study was so-called "virus" croup. The pathology of so-called "virus" croup is distinct from that of croup due to H. influenzae type B and C. diphtheriae. It is similar to viral influenza in man and viral laryngotracheitis in chickens. Clinically "virus" croup is a progressive disease with downward spread of the infection in the respiratory tract. The inflammation can extend to various regions resulting in the clinical forms of the disease known as laryngitis, laryngotracheitis, or laryngotracheopneumonitis. The mortality increases as the disease spreads down the respiratory tract. There is no well-founded specific treatment for "virus" croup. However, sulfadiazine should be given to all infectious croup patients until cultures of the rhinopharynx and blood assure the absence of H. influenzae type B. Continued chemotherapy should be given all patients severely ill with the disease. The most frequent and severe complication of "virus" croup is some form of extraalveolar thoracic air. The most common cause of death is respiratory embarrassment.

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Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care, Review Article

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i58a34133 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 419-425

Author(s):

Faisal Suliman Algaows ◽

Bader Abdulwahab N. Alamer ◽

Mohammed Abdulhafith R. Alotaibi ◽

Zahra Nasser A. Aljubran ◽

Bassam Zaal Hammad Alshammary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Bronchitis ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Professional Organizations ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections

Any infectious illness of the upper or lower respiratory tract is classified as a respiratory tract infection (RTI). Acute bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and tracheitis are examples of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). The most prevalent cause of death from lower respiratory infections is pneumococcal pneumonia. Pneumonia is a major cause of death globally. new advances in pneumonia diagnosis and treatment have been made, identification of new pathogens as well as the development of newer therapeutic agents like fluoroquinolones, macrolides, streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and –actam antibiotics. Despite these advancements, respiratory tract infections continue to be a challenge in both the diagnostic and therapeutic domains. Because detecting and treating pneumonia may be difficult, a number of professional organizations have created treatment recommendations. In this review we’ll be looking at LRTIs and pneumonia epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment.

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New Ultrastructural Observations on Injury and Regeneration of Cilia in Mammalian Conducting Airway Epithelium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100099544 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 624-625

Author(s):

J.L. Carson ◽

A.M. Collier

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Airway Epithelium ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Fetal Lung ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Airway Epithelial ◽

Ciliated Cells ◽

Conducting Airway ◽

Conducting Airways

The ciliated cells lining the conducting airways of mammals are integral to the defense mechanisms of the respiratory tract, functioning in coordination with secretory cells in the removal of inhaled and cellular debris. The effects of various infectious and toxic agents on the structure and function of airway epithelial cell cilia have been studied in our laboratory, both of which have been shown to affect ciliary ultrastructure.These observations have led to questions about ciliary regeneration as well as the possible induction of ciliogenesis in response to cellular injury. Classical models of ciliogenesis in the conducting airway epithelium of the mammalian respiratory tract have been based primarily on observations of the developing fetal lung. These observations provide a plausible explanation for the embryological generation of ciliary beds lining the conducting airways but do little to account for subsequent differentiation of ciliated cells and ciliogenesis during normal growth and development.

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