Comparison of Family and Nonfamily Business: Financial Logic and Personal Preferences

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Gallo ◽  
Josep Tàpies ◽  
Kristin Cappuyns
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Business School ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Financial Policies ◽  
Business Policy ◽  
Research Associate ◽  
Sales Employees

Research has identified important differences between family businesses (FBs) and nonfamily businesses (NFBs). The difficulty, however, lies in explaining the reasons for those differences. In this article, Professors Miguel A. Gallo and Josep Tàpies, and Research Associate Kristin Cappuyns, all of IESE, International Business School, Barcelona, report the results of an investigation into the “peculiar financial logic”of FBs, based on a sample of 305 Spanish firms. After looking at some of the more general differences between the FBs and NFBs in the sample, in terms of company age, sales, employees, capital, and internationalization, the authors compare the financial ratios of the two types of companies. Generally speaking, the FBs are found to be older and to have lower sales, fewer employees, fewer full-time employees on permanent contracts, a smaller share capital, fewer shareholders, and a higher proportion of board members among the shareholders. However, when digging into the financial policies implemented in both types of companies, the differences found indicate that personal preferences concerning growth, risk, and ownership-control may be the driving forces behind the “peculiar financial logic” of FBs. The authors conclude that while many FBs outshine their NFB rivals in many respects, some of them lack a genuine long-term business policy or a commitment to growth and evolution. If the aversion to risk and loss of control is due to the managerowner's personal apprehensions or ambitions, then that manager-owner is, wittingly or unwittingly, spoiling the company's chances of being able to compete in the future.

Stability and Change in Emotional Intelligence: Exploring the Transition to Young Adulthood

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D.A. Parker ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske ◽  
Laura M. Wood ◽  
Jennifer M. Eastabrook ◽  
Robyn N. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Transition From High School

Abstract. The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has attracted growing interest from researchers working in various fields. The present study examined the long-term stability (32 months) of EI-related abilities over the course of a major life transition (the transition from high school to university). During the first week of full-time study, a large group of undergraduates completed the EQ-i:Short; 32 months later a random subset of these students (N = 238), who had started their postsecondary education within 24 months of graduating from high school, completed the measures for a second time. The study found EI scores to be relatively stable over the 32-month time period. EI scores were also found to be significantly higher at Time 2; the overall pattern of change in EI-levels was more than can be attributed to the increased age of the participants.

Problems of Distance Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostislav Fojtík
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Educational Requirements

Abstract Distance learning and e-learning have significantly developed in recent years. It is also due to changing educational requirements, especially for adults. The article aims to show the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning. Examples of the 20-year use of the distance learning form of computer science describe the difficulties associated with the implementation and implementation of this form of teaching. The results of students in the full-time and distance form of teaching in the bachelor’s study of computer science are compared. Long-term findings show that distant students have significantly lower scores in the first years of study than full-time bachelor students. In the following years of study, the differences diminish, and students’ results are comparable. The article describes the possibilities of improving the quality of distance learning.

Adult outcome after treatment of pediatric posterior fossa ependymoma: long-term follow-up of a single consecutive institutional series of 22 patients with more than 5 years of survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tryggve Lundar ◽  
Bernt Johan Due-Tønnessen ◽  
Radek Frič ◽  
Petter Brandal ◽  
Paulina Due-Tønnessen
Keyword(s):  
Proton Beam ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Long Term Survivors

OBJECTIVEEpendymoma is the third most common posterior fossa tumor in children; however, there is a lack of long-term follow-up data on outcomes after surgical treatment of posterior fossa ependymoma (PFE) in pediatric patients. Therefore, the authors sought to investigate the long-term outcomes of children treated for PFE at their institution.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective analysis of outcome data from children who underwent treatment for PFE and survived for at least 5 years.RESULTSThe authors identified 22 children (median age at the time of surgery 3 years, range 0–18 years) who underwent primary tumor resection of PFE during the period from 1945 to 2014 and who had at least 5 years of observed survival. None of these 22 patients were lost to follow-up, and they represent the long-term survivors (38%) from a total of 58 pediatric PFE patients treated. Nine (26%) of the 34 children treated during the pre-MRI era (1945–1986) were long-term survivors, while the observed 5-year survival rate in the children treated during the MRI era (1987–2014) was 13 (54%) of 24 patients. The majority of patients (n = 16) received adjuvant radiotherapy, and 4 of these received proton-beam irradiation. Six children had either no adjuvant treatment (n = 3) or only chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment (n = 3). Fourteen patients were alive at the time of this report. According to MRI findings, all of these patients were tumor free except 1 patient (age 78 years) with a known residual tumor after 65 years of event-free survival.Repeat resections for residual or recurrent tumor were performed in 9 patients, mostly for local residual disease with progressive clinical symptoms; 4 patients underwent only 1 repeated resection, whereas 5 patients each had 3 or more resections within 15 years after their initial surgery. At further follow-up, 5 of the patients who underwent a second surgery were found to be dead from the disease with or without undergoing additional resections, which were performed from 6 to 13 years after the second procedure. The other 4 patients, however, were tumor free on the latest follow-up MRI, performed from 6 to 27 years after the last resection. Hence, repeated surgery appears to increase the chance of tumor control in some patients, along with modern (proton-beam) radiotherapy. Six of 8 patients with more than 20 years of survival are in a good clinical condition, 5 of them in full-time work and 1 in part-time work.CONCLUSIONSPediatric PFE occurs mostly in young children, and there is marked risk for local recurrence among 5-year survivors even after gross-total resection and postoperative radiotherapy. Repeated resections are therefore an important part of treatment and may lead to persistent tumor control. Even though the majority of children with PFE die from their tumor disease, some patients survive for more than 50 years with excellent functional outcome and working capacity.

scholarly journals How Do Trade-Offs and Synergies between Ecosystem Services Change in the Long Period? The Case Study of Uxin, Inner Mongolia, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Li ◽  
Buyantuev ◽  
Bao ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Long Term Trends

Ecosystem services management should often expect to deal with non-linearities due to trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services (ES). Therefore, it is important to analyze long-term trends in ES development and utilization to understand their responses to climate change and intensification of human activities. In this paper, the region of Uxin in Inner Mongolia, China, was chosen as a case study area to describe the spatial distribution and trends of 5 ES indicators. Changes in relationships between ES and driving forces of dynamics of ES relationships were analyzed for the period 1979–2016 using a stepwise regression. We found that: the magnitude and directions in ES relationships changed during this extended period; those changes are influenced by climate factors, land use change, technological progress, and population growth.

Long-term Quality of Life After Decompressive Craniectomy in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Vicino ◽  
Philippe Vuadens ◽  
Bertrand Léger ◽  
Charles Benaim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Decompressive Craniectomy ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Stroke Patients

Abstract PurposeDecompressive craniectomy (DC) can rapidly reduce intracranial pressure and save lives in the acute phase of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke, but little is known about the long-term outcome after DC. We evaluated quality of life (QoL) a few years after DC for severe TBI/stroke.MethodsThe following data were collected for stroke/TBI patients hospitalized for neurorehabilitation after DC: 1) at discharge, motor and cognitive sub-scores of the Functional Independence Measure (motor-FIM [score 13-91] and cognitive-FIM [score 5-35]) and 2) more than 4 years after discharge, the QOLIBRI health-related QoL (HR-QoL) score (0-100; <60 representing low or impaired QoL) and the return to work (RTW: 0%, partial, 100%)ResultsWe included 88 patients (66 males, median age 38 [interquartile range 26.3-51.0], 65 with TBI/23 stroke); 46 responded to the HR-QoL questionnaire. Responders and non-responders had similar characteristics (age, sex, functional levels upon discharge). Median motor-FIM and cognitive-FIM scores were 85/91 and 27/35, with no significant difference between TBI and stroke patients. Long-term QoL was borderline low for TBI patients and within normal values for stroke patients (score 58.0[42.0-69.0] vs. 67.0[54.0-81.5], p=0.052). RTW was comparable between the groups (62% full time).ConclusionWe already knew that DC can save the lives of TBI or stroke patients in the acute phase and this study suggests that their long-term quality of life is generally quite acceptable.

A Prospective 12-Month Study of Prescriptions in Long-Term Care Nursing Facility Residents

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
Edward L. Schneider ◽  
Jung Ki Kim ◽  
Diana Hyun ◽  
Anjali Lobana ◽  
Rick Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Nursing Facilities ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Nursing Facility ◽  
Term Care

AIM: The most frequent use of medications in the geriatric population occurs in skilled nursing facilities. This quality assurance study prospectively examines the high number of prescriptions ordered for long-term nursing facility residents throughout their first year after admission. METHODS: The investigators prospectively followed 101 consecutive long-term-stay older adult residents at the Joyce Eisenberg Keefer Medical Center, a nursing facility of Los Angeles Jewish Home for the Aging (LAJH) over a 12-month period. Preadmission prescriptions were obtained for 91 residents, as well as prescriptions at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after admission. The number of prescriptions by staff physicians and outside physicians was examined. RESULTS: Over the 12 months following admission, the mean number of scheduled prescriptions increased significantly from 11.1 prior to admission to 13.0 by 6 months and to 13.3 by 12 months (P-value < 0.05). The residents who were hospitalized during the 12 months of observation received significantly more scheduled, as needed, and total prescriptions than those not hospitalized. Physicians employed full time by LAJH ordered significantly fewer additional prescriptions than physicians with outside practices. The patients of the staff physicians also had fewer hospitalizations than those of the outside physicians. CONCLUSION: This quality assurance study reveals a statistically significant increase in the number of prescriptions made in a long-term care setting over a 12-month prospective study. Patients of staff physicians received fewer prescriptions and were hospitalized less frequently than patients of physicians who practiced outside LAJH.

scholarly journals MONITORING CHANGES OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES SUPPLY AND DEMAND PATTERN IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN LIAONING URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CHINA USING LANDSAT IMAGES

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 765-770
Author(s):  
B. Li ◽  
F. Huang ◽  
S. Chang ◽  
H. Qi ◽  
H. Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Indentifying the spatio-temporal patterns of ecosystem services supply and demand and the driving forces is of great significance to the regional ecological security and sustainable socio-economic development. Due to long term and high-intensity development, the ecological environment in central and southern Liaoning urban agglomerations has been greatly destroyed thereafter has restricted sustainable development in this region. Based on Landsat ETM and OLI images, land use of this urban agglomeration in 2005, 2010 and 2015 was extracted. The integrative index of multiple-ecosystem services (IMES) was used to quantify the supply (IMESs), demand (IMESd) and balance (IMESb) of multiple-ecosystem services, The spatial patterns of ecosystem services and its dynamics for the period of 2005&amp;ndash;2015 were revealed. The multiple regression and stepwise regression analysis were used to explore relationships between ecosystem services and socioeconomic factors. The results showed that the IMESs of the region increased by 2.93&amp;thinsp;%, whereas IMESd dropped 38&amp;thinsp;%. The undersupplied area was reduced to 2. The IMESs and IMESb were mainly negatively correlated with gross domestic product (GDP), population density, foreign investment and industrial output, while GDP per capita and the number of teachers had significant positive impacts on ecosystem services supply. The positive correlation between IMESd and GDP, population density and foreign investment were found. The ecosystem services models were established. Supply and balance of multiple-ecosystem services were positively correlated with population density, but the demand was the opposite. The results can provide some reference value for the coordinately economic and ecological development in the study area.

scholarly journals Endogenous growth theory and regional development policy

Spatium ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Slobodan Cvetanovic ◽  
Milorad Filipovic ◽  
Miroljub Nikolic ◽  
Dusko Belovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Endogenous Growth Theory ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Theory ◽  
Neoclassical Growth

The numerous versions of endogenous explanations of economic growth emphasize the importance of technological change driving forces, as well as the existence of appropriate institutional arrangements. Endogenous growth theory contributes to a better understanding of various experiences with long-term growth of countries and regions. It changes the key assumptions of the Neoclassical growth theory and participates in the modern regional development physiology explanation. Based on these conclusions, the paper: a) explicates the most important theoretical postulates of the theory, b) explains the most important factors of economic growth in the regions in light of the Endogenous growth theory messages and c) emphasizes the key determinants of regional competitiveness which in our view is conceptually between the phenomena of micro- and macro-competitiveness and represents their necessary and unique connection. First of all, micro-competitiveness is transformed into a regional competitiveness; then regional competitiveness is transformed into a macro-competitiveness. In turn, macro - influences the microeconomic competitiveness, and the circle is closed. After that, the process starts over again.

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