Individual Psychological Assessment: A Practice and Science in Search of Common Ground

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Silzer ◽  
Richard Jeanneret
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Core Competency ◽  
Clinical Prediction ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Scientist Practitioner Model

During the past 30 years, individual psychological assessment (IPA) has gained in use and in value to organizations in the management of human resources. However, even though IPA is considered a core competency for industrial–organizational (I–O) psychology, its practice is not without critics. This article is written not only to address several criticisms of IPA but also to discuss a variety of issues that must be taken into consideration if IPA is to advance as a major component of the I–O scientist–practitioner model. We rely upon a working definition of IPA in general but, when possible, focus on executive assessment in particular, given its high level of complexity and growing popularity. We discuss the effectiveness of assessment practice, including the ongoing statistical versus clinical prediction argument and the difficulties with establishing validity. Although we are confident that IPA has many strong research and practice underpinnings, we also propose some important research questions, training guidelines, and opportunities for assessing psychologists to improve their practices.

Exploring the Common Ground of Virtual Communities

2002 ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Dirksen ◽  
Bas Smit
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Constructive Work ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
The Common ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of

A great deal of the literature on virtual communities evolves around classifying the phenomenon1 while much empirically constructive work on the topic has not been conducted yet. Therefore, the research discussed in this paper proposes to explore the actual field of the virtual community (VC). By means of a comparative ethnographic research, virtual communities are to be defined in terms of their inherent social activity, the interaction between the groups of people and the information and communication technology (ICT), and the meanings attached to it by its members. This chapter will report on the initial propositions, research questions and approach of the explorative research of working towards a “workable definition” of virtual communities. It will also present its “work to be done” which will ultimately form the basis of moving beyond defining virtual communities, i.e., actually designing and deploying one.

scholarly journals A Second Wave? What Do People Mean By COVID Waves? – A Working Definition of Epidemic Waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen X. Zhang ◽  
Francisco Arroyo Marioli ◽  
Renfei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Epidemic Wave

AbstractPolicymakers and researchers describe the COVID-19 epidemics by waves without a common vocabulary on what constitutes an epidemic wave, either in terms of a working definition or operationalization, causing inconsistencies and confusions. A working definition and operationalization can be helpful to characterize and communicate about epidemics. We propose a working definition of epidemic waves in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and an operationalization based on the public data of the effective reproduction number R. Our operationalization characterizes the numbers and durations of waves (upward and downward) in 178 countries and reveals patterns that can enable healthcare organizations and policymakers to make better description and assessment of the COVID crisis to make more informed resource planning, mobilization, and allocation temporally in the continued COVID-19 pandemic.One Sentence SummaryA working definition and operationalization of waves to enable common ground to understand and communicate COVID-19 crisis.

Foundations of Trust for E-Health

2011 ◽  
pp. 49-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Corritore ◽  
Beverly Kracher ◽  
Susan Wiedenbeck ◽  
Robert Marble
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Online Trust ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
High Level

Trust has always been an important element of healthcare. As healthcare evolves into ehealth, a question arises: What will the nature of trust be in ehealth? In this chapter the authors provide the reader with a foundation for considering this question from a research perspective. The authors focus on one ehealth domain: online websites. The chapter begins with a high-level overview of the body of offline trust research. Next, findings related to online trust are presented, along with a working definition. Trust research in the context of online health care is then examined, although this body of work is in its infancy. A detailed discussion of our research in the area of online trust is then presented. Finally, with this background, we take the reader through some possible research questions that are interesting candidates for future research on the nature of trust in ehealth.

A Sociology of Luck

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sauder
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Social World ◽  
Real Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Theoretical Inquiry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of

Sociology has been curiously silent about the concept of luck. The present article argues that this omission is, in fact, an oversight: An explicit and systematic engagement with luck provides a more accurate portrayal of the social world, opens potentially rich veins of empirical and theoretical inquiry, and offers a compelling alternative for challenging dominant meritocratic frames about inequality and the distribution of rewards. This article develops a framework for studying luck, first by proposing a working definition of luck, examining why sociology has ignored luck in the past, and making the case for the value of including luck in sociology’s conceptual repertoire. The article then demonstrates the fertile research potential of studying luck by identifying a host of research questions and hypotheses pertaining to the social construction of luck, the real effects of luck, and theoretical interventions related to luck. It concludes by highlighting the distinctive contributions sociology can make to the growing interdisciplinary interest in this topic.

scholarly journals Kultūrų skirtumai ir kaip tai išgyventi

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Kinga Williams
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Culture Distance ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cultural Buffer ◽  
Indigenous Psychologies

Straipsnyje atskleidžiama kultūros sąvoka, aptariami esminiai apibrėžimai (tikėjimas, vertybės, normos, požiūriai, siekiniai, taisyklės), taip pat nusakomos susijusios sąvokos, tokios kaip kultūrų atsiribojimai (Furnham & Bochner 1982), taisyklių – klaidingų interpretacijų kategorijos Fallacy (Williams, 2007), kultūros slopinamos funkcijos (e.g. Greenberg et al 1997), jų tarpusavio ryšiai.Kultūrų skirtumai analizuojami taikant universalumo / reliatyvumo (Salzman, 2006), preskriptyvumo / deskriptyvumo (Williams, 2006) ir tradicinės / vietos psichologijos (Allwood, 2006) požiūrius.Pranešime taip pat pateikiamos tam tikros analogijos su Noam Chomsky (1957, 1986) pateikiamais lingvistiniais konceptais (kompetencija / spektaklis, giluminės / paviršiaus struktūros, lingvistinės bendrybės).Pabaigoje, vartojant kultūrą kaip daugiakultūrę slopinimo sampratą, teigiama, kad egzistuoja bendras kultūros (-ų) pagrindas.Cultural diversity and how to survive itKinga Williams SummaryThe article first explores the ingredients of a working definition of culture (beliefs, values, norms, attitudes, intentions, rules, schemata), then attempts to map out the relationship among key-concepts like Culture-Distance (Furnham, Bochner, 1982), the Rule-Category Substitution Fallacy (Williams, 2007), and culture’s buffer-function (e.g., Greenberg et al., 1997). Cultural Diversity is examined from the points of view of Universalism/Relativism (Salzman, 2006), Prescriptivism/Descriptivism (Williams, 2006), and that of Traditional/Indigenous psychologies (Allwood, 2006). Working analogies with some of Noam Chomsky’s (1957, 1986) linguistic concepts (competence/performance, deep/surface structures, linguistic universals) are discussed. Finally, a need for a multi-cultural buffer is confirmed, and the potentiality for the existence of enough common ground for such is tentatively concluded.Key words: culture-distance, beliefs, values, norms, rules, cultural relativism/span>

Foundations of Trust for E-Health

2012 ◽  
pp. 1167-1193
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Corritore ◽  
Beverly Kracher ◽  
Susan Wiedenbeck ◽  
Robert Marble
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Online Trust ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
High Level

Trust has always been an important element of healthcare. As healthcare evolves into ehealth, a question arises: What will the nature of trust be in ehealth? In this chapter the authors provide the reader with a foundation for considering this question from a research perspective. The authors focus on one ehealth domain: online websites. The chapter begins with a high-level overview of the body of offline trust research. Next, findings related to online trust are presented, along with a working definition. Trust research in the context of online health care is then examined, although this body of work is in its infancy. A detailed discussion of our research in the area of online trust is then presented. Finally, with this background, we take the reader through some possible research questions that are interesting candidates for future research on the nature of trust in ehealth.

scholarly journals A Framework to Guide Undergraduate Education in Interdisciplinary Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. es3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brie Tripp ◽  
Erin E. Shortlidge
Keyword(s):  
Core Competency ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Interdisciplinary Science ◽  
Undergraduate Biology ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Undergraduate Science ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Definition Of

An expanded investment in interdisciplinary research has prompted greater demands to integrate knowledge across disciplinary boundaries. Vision and Change similarly made interdisciplinary expectations a key competency for undergraduate biology majors; however, we are not yet synchronized on the meaning of interdisciplinarity, making this benchmark difficult to meet and assess. Here, we discuss aspects of interdisciplinarity through a historical lens and address various institutional barriers to interdisciplinary work. In an effort to forge a unified path forward, we provide a working definition of interdisciplinary science derived from both the perspectives of science faculty members and scientific organizations. We leveraged the existing literature and our proposed definition to build a conceptual model for an Interdisciplinary Science Framework to be used as a guide for developing and assessing interdisciplinary efforts in undergraduate science education. We believe this will provide a foundation from which the community can develop learning outcomes, activities, and measurements to help students meet the Vision and Change core competency of “tapping into the interdisciplinary nature of science.”

A Working Definition of Mind

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Farr
Keyword(s):  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Assessment of Roma Children from Socially Disadvantageous Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Ján Ferjenčík
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Teaching Expertise ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Roma People

AbstractIntroduction:Psychological assessment of Roma children belongs to the most controversial topics in recent theory and practice of school psychology in Slovakia. The paper discusses the problem from the three main aspects.Discussion:The first of them raises into question the usability of “general intelligence” construct in the assessment practice. It is shown that from the psychometric point of view it is improper to represent couple of qualitatively different attributes by sole number. Moreover, intelligence as a construct refers to general mental achievement of child here and now but it says nothing about the causes and reasons of the achievement.The second part is devoted to the problem of test adaptation. The author draws attention to the fact that Roma people are the minority with own characteristics, including language, style of life, customs and values. Due to this, it is necessary to use in the psychological assessment solely well adapted psychological tests with special norms for Roma children.The third topic discusses the position of psychologists in decision-making with regard to the type of education of a particular child.Limitations:Because education is realized in a broad social context (policy, social attitudes and expectations, material and financial conditions, teaching expertise, etc.), many of these factors are out of psychologists´ direct control and competencies. Due to this, the primary task in the psychological assessment of Roma pupils should not be based on the question about the advisability of their special education. Instead of this, the psychologist should be concerned more on the proper description and explanation of children’s psychological functioning and, following this, on formulating individual and particular recommendations how and what cognitive, emotional or motivational elements it is necessary to develop at school.

Establishing a Working Definition of User Experience for eHealth Interventions: A Scoping Review of Self-Reported User Experience Measures and Delphi Consultation with eHealth Researchers and Adolescents (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda S Newton ◽  
Sonja March ◽  
Nicole D Gehring ◽  
Arlen K Rowe ◽  
Ashley D Radomski
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ehealth Intervention

BACKGROUND Across eHealth intervention studies involving children, adolescents, and their parents, researchers have measured users’ experiences to assist with intervention development, refinement, and evaluation. To date, there are no widely agreed-on definitions or measures of ‘user experience’ to support a standardized approach for evaluation and comparison within or across interventions. OBJECTIVE We conducted a scoping review with subsequent Delphi consultation to (1) identify how user experience is defined and measured in eHealth research studies, (2) characterize the measurement tools used, and (3) establish working definitions for domains of user experience that could be used in future eHealth evaluations. METHODS We systematically searched electronic databases for published and gray literature available from January 1, 2005 to April 11, 2019. Studies assessing an eHealth intervention that targeted any health condition and was designed for use by children, adolescents, and their parents were eligible for inclusion. eHealth interventions needed to be web-, computer-, or mobile-based, mediated by the internet with some degree of interactivity. Studies were also required to report the measurement of ‘user experience’ as first-person experiences, involving cognitive and behavioural factors, reported by intervention users. Two reviewers independently screened studies for relevance and appraised the quality of user experience measures using published criteria: ‘well-established’, ‘approaching well-established’, ‘promising’, or ‘not yet established’. We conducted a descriptive analysis of how user experience was defined and measured in each study. Review findings subsequently informed the survey questions used in the Delphi consultations with eHealth researchers and adolescent users for how user experience should be defined and measured. RESULTS Of the 8,634 articles screened for eligibility, 129 and one erratum were included in the review. Thirty eHealth researchers and 27 adolescents participated in the Delphi consultations. Based on the literature and consultations, we proposed working definitions for six main user experience domains: acceptability, satisfaction, credibility, usability, user-reported adherence, and perceived impact. While most studies incorporated a study-specific measure, we identified ten well-established measures to quantify five of the six domains of user experience (all except for self-reported adherence). Our adolescent and researcher participants ranked perceived impact as one of the most important domains of user experience and usability as one of the least important domains. Rankings between adolescents and researchers diverged for other domains. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the various ways user experience has been defined and measured across studies and what aspects are most valued by researchers and adolescent users. We propose incorporating the working definitions and available measures of user experience to support consistent evaluation and reporting of outcomes across studies. Future studies can refine the definitions and measurement of user experience, explore how user experience relates to other eHealth outcomes, and inform the design and use of human-centred eHealth interventions.

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