Safflower yellow improves insulin sensitivity in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice by promoting peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ2 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue

The antiobesity effects of aP. aviculareethanol extract (PAE) in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice were investigated. The mice were fed an HFD or an HFD supplemented with PAE (400 mg/kg/day) for 6.5 weeks. The increased body weights, adipose tissue weight, and adipocyte area as well as serum total triglyceride, leptin, and malondialdehyde concentrations were decreased in PAE-treated HFD-induced obese mice relative to the same measurements in untreated obese mice. Furthermore, PAE significantly suppressed the elevated mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ, fatty acid synthase, and adipocyte protein 2 in the white adipose tissue of obese mice. In addition, PAE treatment of 3T3-L1 cells inhibited adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that PAE exerts antiobesity effects in HFD-induced obese mice through the suppression of lipogenesis in adipose tissue and increased antioxidant activity.

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Curcumin improves glycolipid metabolism through regulating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ signalling pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.170917 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 170917 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Yanyun Pan ◽

Dandan Zhao ◽

Na Yu ◽

Tian An ◽

Jianan Miao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Signalling Pathway ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Glycolipid Metabolism

Curcumin is an active component derived from Curcuma longa L. which is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used for treating metabolic diseases through regulating different molecular pathways. Here, in this study, we aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of curcumin on glycolipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro and then determine the underlying mechanism. Male C57BL/6 J obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used for in vivo and in vitro study, respectively. Our results demonstrated that treatment with curcumin for eight weeks decreased body weight, fat mass and serum lipid profiles. Meanwhile, it lowered fasting blood glucose and increased the insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. In addition, curcumin stimulated lipolysis and improved glycolipid metabolism through upregulating the expressions of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ/α (PPARγ/α) and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteinα (C/EBPα) in adipose tissue of the mice. In differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, curcumin reduced glycerol release and increased glucose uptake via upregulating PPARγ and C/EBPα. We concluded that curcumin has the potential to improve glycolipid metabolism disorders caused by obesity through regulating PPARγ signalling pathway.

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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Deficiency Does Not Alter Insulin Sensitivity in Mice Maintained on Regular or High-Fat Diet: Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp Studies

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2003-1015 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 145 (4) ◽

pp. 1662-1667 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Martin Haluzik ◽

Oksana Gavrilova ◽

Derek LeRoith

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

High Fat ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Euglycemic Clamp ◽

Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemic Clamp

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Effect of Linseed Oil Dietary Supplementation on Fatty Acid Composition and Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue of Growing Goats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/194625 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

M. Ebrahimi ◽

M. A. Rajion ◽

Y. M. Goh ◽

A. Q. Sazili ◽

J. T. Schonewille

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Control Group ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Potential Health ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding oil palm frond silage based diets with added linseed oil (LO) containing highα-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), namely, high LO (HLO), low LO (LLO), and without LO as the control group (CON) on the fatty acid (FA) composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue and the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, PPAR-γ, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in Boer goats. The proportion of C18:3n-3 in subcutaneous adipose tissue was increased (P<0.01) by increasing the LO in the diet, suggesting that the FA from HLO might have escaped ruminal biohydrogenation. Animals fed HLO diets had lower proportions of C18:1 trans-11, C18:2n-6, CLA cis-9 trans-11, and C20:4n-6 and higher proportions of C18:3n-3, C22:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue than animals fed the CON diets, resulting in a decreased n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio (FAR) in the tissue. In addition, feeding the HLO diet upregulated the expression of PPAR-γ(P<0.05) but downregulated the expression of SCD (P<0.05) in the adipose tissue. The results of the present study show that LO can be safely incorporated in the diets of goats to enrich goat meat with potential health beneficial FA (i.e., n-3 FA).

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Skeletal muscle mitochondrial and metabolic responses to a high-fat diet in female rats bred for high and low aerobic capacity

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h09-139 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 151-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Scott P. Naples ◽

Sarah J. Borengasser ◽

R. Scott. Rector ◽

Grace M. Uptergrove ◽

E. Matthew Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Female Rats ◽

Mitochondrial Morphology ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

High Fat ◽

Transcriptional Responses ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Rats selected artificially to be low-capacity runners (LCR) possess a metabolic syndrome phenotype that is worsened by a high-fat diet (HFD), whereas rats selected to be high-capacity runners (HCR) are protected against HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance. This study examined whether protection against, or susceptibility to, HFD-induced insulin resistance in the HCR–LCR strains is associated with contrasting metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle. HCR and LCR rats (generation 20; n = 5–6; maximum running distance ∼1800 m vs. ∼350 m, respectively (p < 0.0001)) were divided into HFD (71.6% energy from fat) or normal chow (NC) (16.7% energy from fat) groups for 7 weeks (from 24 to 31 weeks of age). Skeletal muscle (red gastrocnemius) mitochondrial-fatty acid oxidation (FAO), mitochondrial-enzyme activity, mitochondrial-morphology, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) expression and insulin sensitivity (intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests) were measured. The HFD caused increased adiposity and reduced insulin sensitivity only in the LCR and not the HCR strain. Isolated mitochondria from the HCR skeletal muscle displayed a 2-fold-higher rate of FAO on NC, but both groups increased FAO following HFD. PGC-1α mRNA expression and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly reduced with the HFD in the LCR rats, but not in the HCR rats. PPARδ expression did not differ between strains or dietary conditions. These results do not provide a clear connection between protection of insulin sensitivity and HFD-induced adaptive changes in mitochondrial function or transcriptional responses but do not dismiss the possibility that elevated mitochondrial FAO in the HCR may play a protective role.

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