scholarly journals Punctuational ecological changes rather than global factors drive species diversification and the evolution of wing phenotypes in Morpho butterflies

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1592-1607
Author(s):  
Nicolas Chazot ◽  
Patrick Blandin ◽  
Vincent Debat ◽  
Marianne Elias ◽  
Fabien L. Condamine
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversification ◽  
Ecological Changes

Enhanced Seasonal Exchange of CO2 by Northern Ecosystems Since 1960

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 341 (6150) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Graven ◽  
R. F. Keeling ◽  
S. C. Piper ◽  
P. K. Patra ◽  
B. B. Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
The North ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Global Carbon

Seasonal variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Northern Hemisphere have increased since the 1950s, but sparse observations have prevented a clear assessment of the patterns of long-term change and the underlying mechanisms. We compare recent aircraft-based observations of CO2 above the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans to earlier data from 1958 to 1961 and find that the seasonal amplitude at altitudes of 3 to 6 km increased by 50% for 45° to 90°N but by less than 25% for 10° to 45°N. An increase of 30 to 60% in the seasonal exchange of CO2 by northern extratropical land ecosystems, focused on boreal forests, is implicated, substantially more than simulated by current land ecosystem models. The observations appear to signal large ecological changes in northern forests and a major shift in the global carbon cycle.

Synergies and tradeoffs in natural regulation of crop pests and diseases under plant species diversification

2021 ◽  
pp. 105658
Author(s):  
Alain Ratnadass ◽  
Jacques Avelino ◽  
Paula Fernandes ◽  
Philippe Letourmy ◽  
Régis Babin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Crop Pests ◽  
Species Diversification ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Natural Regulation

Climate change as the dominant driver of recent ecological changes in a semi-arid alpine lake from the Chinese Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinwei Yan ◽  
Jianbao Liu ◽  
Kathleen M. Rühland ◽  
John P. Smol ◽  
Fahu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Alpine Lake ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
The Chinese Loess Plateau

scholarly journals Out of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and rapid radiation across Eurasia for Allium section Daghestanica (Amaryllidaceae)

AoB Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Jie Li ◽  
Huan-Xi Yu ◽  
Xian-Lin Guo ◽  
Xing-Jin He
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Adjacent Region ◽  
Rapid Radiation ◽  
Divergence Time Estimation ◽  
Species Diversification ◽  
The Third ◽  
Evolutionary Line ◽  
History Of

Abstract The disjunctive distribution (Europe-Caucasus-Asia) and species diversification across Eurasia for the genus Allium sect. Daghestanica has fascinating attractions for researchers aiming to understanding the development and history of the modern Eurasia flora. However, no any studies have been carried out to address the evolutionary history of this section. Based on the nrITS and cpDNA fragments (trnL-trnF and rpl32-trnL), the evolutionary history of the third evolutionary line (EL3) of the genus Allium was reconstructed and we further elucidate the evolutionary line of sect. Daghestanica under this background. Our molecular phylogeny recovered two highly supported clades in sect. Daghestanica: the Clade I includes Caucasian-European species and Asian A. maowenense, A. xinlongense and A. carolinianum collected in Qinghai; the Clade II comprises Asian yellowish tepal species, A. chrysanthum, A. chrysocephalum, A. herderianum, A. rude and A. xichuanense. The divergence time estimation and biogeography inference indicated that Asian ancestor located in the QTP and the adjacent region could have migrated to Caucasus and Europe distributions around the Late Miocene and resulted in further divergence and speciation; Asian ancestor underwent the rapid radiation in the QTP and the adjacent region most likely due to the heterogeneous ecology of the QTP resulted from the orogeneses around 4–3 Mya. Our study provides a picture to understand the origin and species diversification across Eurasia for sect. Daghestanica.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Ecological Changes, Social Behaviour and Human Intergroup Tolerance 300,000 to 30,000 BP

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Spikins ◽  
Jennifer C. French ◽  
Seren John-Wood ◽  
Calvin Dytham
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Behaviours

AbstractArchaeological evidence suggests that important shifts were taking place in the character of human social behaviours 300,000 to 30,000 years ago. New artefact types appear and are disseminated with greater frequency. Transfers of both raw materials and finished artefacts take place over increasing distances, implying larger scales of regional mobility and more frequent and friendlier interactions between different communities. Whilst these changes occur during a period of increasing environmental variability, the relationship between ecological changes and transformations in social behaviours is elusive. Here, we explore a possible theoretical approach and methodology for understanding how ecological contexts can influence selection pressures acting on intergroup social behaviours. We focus on the relative advantages and disadvantages of intergroup tolerance in different ecological contexts using agent-based modelling (ABM). We assess the relative costs and benefits of different ‘tolerance’ levels in between-group interactions on survival and resource exploitation in different environments. The results enable us to infer a potential relationship between ecological changes and proposed changes in between-group behavioural dynamics. We conclude that increasingly harsh environments may have driven changes in hormonal and emotional responses in humans leading to increasing intergroup tolerance, i.e. transformations in social behaviour associated with ‘self-domestication’. We argue that changes in intergroup tolerance is a more parsimonious explanation for the emergence of what has been seen as ‘modern human behaviour’ than changes in hard aspects of cognition or other factors such as cognitive adaptability or population size.

Dinosaur Macroevolution and Macroecology

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger B.J. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Species Diversification ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Body Size Evolution

Dinosaurs were large-bodied land animals of the Mesozoic that gave rise to birds. They played a fundamental role in structuring Jurassic–Cretaceous ecosystems and had physiology, growth, and reproductive biology unlike those of extant animals. These features have made them targets of theoretical macroecology. Dinosaurs achieved substantial structural diversity, and their fossil record documents the evolutionary assembly of the avian body plan. Phylogeny-based research has allowed new insights into dinosaur macroevolution, including the adaptive landscape of their body size evolution, patterns of species diversification, and the origins of birds and bird-like traits. Nevertheless, much remains unknown due to incompleteness of the fossil record at both local and global scales. This presents major challenges at the frontier of paleobiological research regarding tests of macroecological hypotheses and the effects of dinosaur biology, ecology, and life history on their macroevolution.

Physical changes recorded by a deep diving seal on the Patagonian slope drive large ecological changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 103612
Author(s):  
N. Aubone ◽  
M. Saraceno ◽  
M.L. Torres Alberto ◽  
J. Campagna ◽  
L. Le Ster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Diving ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Physical Changes

A simulation model to explore the response of the Gulf of Maine food web to large-scale environmental and ecological changes

2009 ◽  
Vol 220 (19) ◽  
pp. 2491-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Overholtz ◽  
Jason Link
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Ecological Changes
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