Effect of walnut ( Juglans sigillata ) oil on intestinal antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, immunity, and gut microbiota modulation in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujun Miao ◽  
Chunlan Shan ◽  
Syed Aftab Hussain Shah ◽  
Rana Waseem Akhtar ◽  
Xuanjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Juglans Sigillata ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Acute Diverticulitis: Role of Probiotics in Management of This Delicate Pathophysiological Balance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Andrea Piccioni ◽  
Laura Franza ◽  
Mattia Brigida ◽  
Christian Zanza ◽  
Enrico Torelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Diverticular Disease ◽  
Acute Diverticulitis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Key Terms

How can the knowledge of probiotics and their mechanisms of action be translated into clinical practice when treating patients with diverticular disease and acute diverticulitis? Changes in microbiota composition have been observed in patients who were developing acute diverticulitis, with a reduction of taxa with anti-inflammatory activity, such as Clostridium cluster IV, Lactobacilli and Bacteroides. Recent observations supported that a dysbiosis characterised by decreased presence of anti-inflammatory bacterial species might be linked to mucosal inflammation, and a vicious cycle results from a mucosal inflammation driving dysbiosis at the same time. An alteration in gut microbiota can lead to an altered activation of nerve fibres, and subsequent neuronal and muscular dysfunction, thus favoring abdominal symptoms’ development. The possible role of dysbiosis and mucosal inflammation in leading to dysmotility is linked, in turn, to bacterial translocation from the lumen of the diverticulum to perivisceral area. There, a possible activation of Toll-like receptors has been described, with a subsequent inflammatory reaction at the level of the perivisceral tissues. Being aware that bacterial colonisation of diverticula is involved in the pathogenesis of acute diverticulitis, the rationale for the potential role of probiotics in the treatment of this disease becomes clearer. For this review, articles were identified using the electronic PubMed database through a comprehensive search conducted by combining key terms such as “gut microbiota”, “probiotics and gut disease”, “probiotics and acute diverticulitis”, “probiotics and diverticular disease”, “probiotics mechanism of action”. However, the amount of data present on this matter is not sufficient to draw robust conclusions on the efficacy of probiotics for symptoms’ management in diverticular disease.

Maternal stevioside supplementation ameliorates intestinal mucosal damage and modulates gut microbiota in the chick offspring challenged with lipopolysaccharide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingle Jiang ◽  
Lina Qi ◽  
Quanwei Wei ◽  
F. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Our previous study showed that dietary stevioside supplementation could alleviate intestinal mucosal damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in broiler chickens. However, it remains unknown...

Ellagitannins, Gallotannins and their Metabolites- The Contribution to the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Food Products and Medicinal Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4946-4967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Kiss ◽  
Jakub P. Piwowarski
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

The popularity of food products and medicinal plant materials containing hydrolysable tannins (HT) is nowadays rapidly increasing. Among various health effects attributable to the products of plant origin rich in gallotannins and/or ellagitannins the most often underlined is the beneficial influence on diseases possessing inflammatory background. Results of clinical, interventional and animal in vivo studies clearly indicate the antiinflammatory potential of HT-containing products, as well as pure ellagitannins and gallotannins. In recent years a great emphasis has been put on the consideration of metabolism and bioavailability of natural products during examination of their biological effects. Conducted in vivo and in vitro studies of polyphenols metabolism put a new light on this issue and indicate the gut microbiota to play a crucial role in the health effects following their oral administration. The aim of the review is to summarize the knowledge about HT-containing products’ phytochemistry and their anti-inflammatory effects together with discussion of the data about observed biological activities with regards to the current concepts on the HTs’ bioavailability and metabolism. Orally administered HT-containing products due to the limited bioavailability of ellagitannins and gallotannins can influence immune response at the level of gastrointestinal tract as well as express modulating effects on the gut microbiota composition. However, due to the chemical changes being a result of their transit through gastrointestinal tract, comprising of hydrolysis and gut microbiota metabolism, the activity of produced metabolites has to be taken into consideration. Studies regarding biological effects of the HTs’ metabolites, in particular urolithins, indicate their strong and structure-dependent anti-inflammatory activities, being observed at the concentrations, which fit the range of their established bioavailability. The impact of HTs on inflammatory processes has been well established on various in vivo and in vitro models, while influence of microbiota metabolites on silencing the immune response gives a new perspective on understanding anti-inflammatory effects attributed to HT containing products, especially their postulated effectiveness in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Beyond the lesion site: minocycline augments inflammation and anxiety-like behavior following SCI in rats through action on the gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma K. A. Schmidt ◽  
Pamela J. F. Raposo ◽  
Abel Torres-Espin ◽  
Keith K. Fenrich ◽  
Karim Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Minocycline is a clinically available synthetic tetracycline derivative with anti-inflammatory and antibiotic properties. The majority of studies show that minocycline can reduce tissue damage and improve functional recovery following central nervous system injuries, mainly attributed to the drug’s direct anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective properties. Surprisingly the consequences of minocycline’s antibiotic (i.e., antibacterial) effects on the gut microbiota and systemic immune response after spinal cord injury have largely been ignored despite their links to changes in mental health and immune suppression. Methods Here, we sought to determine minocycline’s effect on spinal cord injury-induced changes in the microbiota-immune axis using a cervical contusion injury in female Lewis rats. We investigated a group that received minocycline following spinal cord injury (immediately after injury for 7 days), an untreated spinal cord injury group, an untreated uninjured group, and an uninjured group that received minocycline. Plasma levels of cytokines/chemokines and fecal microbiota composition (using 16s rRNA sequencing) were monitored for 4 weeks following spinal cord injury as measures of the microbiota-immune axis. Additionally, motor recovery and anxiety-like behavior were assessed throughout the study, and microglial activation was analyzed immediately rostral to, caudal to, and at the lesion epicenter. Results We found that minocycline had a profound acute effect on the microbiota diversity and composition, which was paralleled by the subsequent normalization of spinal cord injury-induced suppression of cytokines/chemokines. Importantly, gut dysbiosis following spinal cord injury has been linked to the development of anxiety-like behavior, which was also decreased by minocycline. Furthermore, although minocycline attenuated spinal cord injury-induced microglial activation, it did not affect the lesion size or promote measurable motor recovery. Conclusion We show that minocycline’s microbiota effects precede its long-term effects on systemic cytokines and chemokines following spinal cord injury. These results provide an exciting new target of minocycline as a therapeutic for central nervous system diseases and injuries.

Abstract 14: An Anti-inflammatory Proton Sensing-receptor Contributes To Cardiovascular Protection Of Gut Microbiota-derived Metabolites

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Xie ◽  
Rikeish R Muralitharan ◽  
Evany Dinakis ◽  
Michael E Nakai ◽  
Hamdi Jama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Cardiovascular Protection ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

High fibre (HF) diet protects against hypertension via the production of acidic metabolites, e.g. short-chain fatty acids, by the gut microbiota. While these metabolites have a direct role in blood pressure (BP) regulation, their acidic nature may activate proton-sensing receptors, which have anti-inflammatory functions. G-protein coupled receptor 65 (GPR65) is a proton-sensing receptor activated around pH 6.5 and is critical for gut homeostasis. We hypothesized that GPR65 is involved in the cardiovascular protection by dietary fibre. We first measured cecal pH of C57BL/6 (WT) mice after a 7-day dietary intervention with either HF or low fibre (LF) diets (n=6/group). HF diet lowered cecal pH to a level where GPR65 is highly activated, compared to the LF diet (6.5±0.1 vs 7.6±0.1, P<0.001). The impact of pH and GPR65 on T cell production of IFNγ, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in vitro was measured by flow cytometry. Acidic pH inhibited the production of IFNγ by CD8+ T cells (pH 6.5 vs pH 7.5, P<0.001). Cells lacking GPR65 had higher IFNγ at both pH (P<0.001). To determine if GPR65 is involved in BP regulation by dietary fibre, WT and GPR65 knockout ( Gpr65 -/- ) mice were implanted with minipumps containing angiotensin II (Ang II, 0.5mg/kg/day, 28 days, n=8-9/group) and fed with HF diet. BP, cardiorenal function and immune cell infiltration were measured. Gpr65 -/- mice had higher BP compared to WT mice after 2 weeks (mean arterial pressure ± SEM; WT 79.8±2.4 vs Gpr65 -/- 95.8±1.6mmHg, P<0.001) and 4 weeks of Ang II infusion (WT 92.3±2.4 vs Gpr65 -/- 99.5±1.3, P=0.062). Gpr65 -/- mice developed cardiac (P=0.035) and renal (P=0.025) hypertrophy, and impaired renal natriuretic (P=0.054) and diuretic (P=0.056) function compared to WT mice. This was accompanied by higher macrophage (P=0.009) and γδ T cell (P=0.014) infiltration in the kidneys. In conclusion, our data suggest that pH-sensing by GPR65 contributes to the protection against hypertension by dietary fibre via inflammatory mechanisms. This is a novel mechanism that contributes to BP regulation via the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Ruminant fat intake improves gut microbiota, serum inflammatory parameter and fatty acid profile in tissues of Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa de Brito Medeiros ◽  
Susana Paula Almeida Alves ◽  
Rui José Branquinho de Bessa ◽  
Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares ◽  
Camila Neves Meireles Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans-fatty acids can exert distinct effects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Trans-fatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective effect. The microbial gut communities were significantly different among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-inflammatory potential.

Gut microbiota modulation and anti-inflammatory properties of Xuanbai Chengqi decoction in septic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 113534
Author(s):  
Sucheng Mu ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Shilin Du ◽  
Ming Zhu ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Anti Inflammatory
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