Electronic nicotine delivery systems: Oral health implications and oral cancer risk

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Sultan ◽  
Maryam Jessri ◽  
Camile S. Farah
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Oral Cancer Risk

scholarly journals Effects of Starch on Oral Health: Systematic Review to Inform WHO Guideline

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Halvorsrud ◽  
J. Lewney ◽  
D. Craig ◽  
P.J. Moynihan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Oral Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Starch ◽  
Quality Evidence ◽  
Total Starch

A systematic review was conducted to update evidence on the effect of total dietary starch and of replacing rapidly digestible starches (RDSs) with slowly digestible starches (SDSs) on oral health outcomes to inform updating of World Health Organization guidance on carbohydrate intake. Data sources included MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, and Wanfang. Eligible studies were comparative and reported any intervention with a different starch content of diets or foods and data on oral health outcomes relating to dental caries, periodontal disease, or oral cancer. Studies that reported total dietary starch intake or change in starch intake were included or where comparisons or exposure included diets and foods that compared RDSs and/or SDSs. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) statement, and evidence was assessed with the GRADE Working Group guidelines. From 6,080 papers identified, 33 (28 studies) were included in the RDS versus SDS comparison: 15 (14 studies) assessed the relationship between SDS and/or RDS and dental caries; 16 (12 studies) considered oral cancer; and 2 studied periodontal disease. For total starch, 23 papers (22 studies) were included: 22 assessed the effects on dental caries, and 1 considered oral cancer. GRADE assessment indicated low-quality evidence, suggesting no association between total starch intake and caries risk but that RDS intake may significantly increase caries risk. Very low-quality evidence suggested no association between total starch and oral cancer risk, and low-quality evidence suggested that SDS decreases oral cancer risk. Data on RDS and oral cancer risk were inconclusive. Very low-quality data relating to periodontitis suggested a protective effect of whole grain starches (SDS). The best available evidence suggests that only RDS adversely affects oral health.

scholarly journals Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Their Relevance in Oral Health

Toxics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Isik Andrikopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Farsalinos ◽  
Konstantinos Poulas
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Gingival Cells ◽  
Oral Cells

The number and popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and especially e-cigarettes (e-cigs) have been increasing in the last decade. Although ENDS owe their popularity to excluding the harmful chemicals that are present in tobacco smoke, there is a debate whether they are safe, regulated, and as harmless as they are assumed to be and have potential unknown long-term effects. Involvement of cigarette smoking to the progression of periodontal diseases, other adverse oral health outcomes, and its detrimental effects to oral health are well-described. ENDS producer companies claim that these products can improve oral health by providing alternatives to smoking. However, the effect of e-cigs on oral health is not fully understood and is still debated among many scientists and clinicians. The number of studies addressing the potential toxic effect of ENDS or e-cig aerosol on oral cells is limited along with the clinical studies which are still preliminary, and their sample size is limited. The long-term effects of inhaled aerosols and the potential synergistic effect of the e-cigs components are not known. It is essential and of utmost importance to determine whether exposure to ENDS aerosol contributes to the progression of periodontal diseases and how it affects periodontal ligament and gingival cells which are believed to be its first targets. This review briefly summarizes the available evidence about the effects of e-cigs on periodontal health including several pathophysiological events, such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, cellular senescence, dysregulated repair, and periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Electronic nicotine delivery system-induced alterations in oral health via saliva assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (15) ◽  
pp. 1319-1325
Author(s):  
Saeed Alqahtani ◽  
Bruce Cooper ◽  
Claire A Spears ◽  
Christa Wright ◽  
Jonathan Shannahan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery

Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is becoming increasingly prevalent. ENDS aerosols contain a variety of toxic components that may adversely impact health. Although exposure to traditional cigarette smoke is a risk factor for periodontal disease, the effects of ENDS on oral health have not been adequately examined. To evaluate potential oral health effects associated with ENDS use, a pilot study was performed with 14 current ENDS users and 16 never tobacco users. Participants completed questionnaires about their ENDS use and overall health. Saliva samples were assessed for differential biomarkers of inflammation, toxicity, and disease development. This included evaluation of specific inflammatory cytokines and the global assessment of alterations in metabolites. ENDS users were determined to have elevated saliva levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α indicative of inflammation. Metabolite profiling determined 368 metabolites were differentially expressed in the saliva of ENDS users versus never tobacco users. Cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, was the most significantly altered metabolite between the groups. Increased levels of prostaglandins and leukotrienes indicated that ENDS users exhibited increased arachidonic acid metabolism compared to never tobacco users. Additionally, a variety of other metabolites known to be involved in immune signaling such as gangliosides, ceramides, angiotensin, and others were also different between groups. Overall, our pilot study demonstrates differential saliva component profiles in current ENDS users, which may contribute to periodontal disease development. These alterations suggest specific pathways of oral disease induced by ENDS use and could be utilized as potential future biomarkers. Impact statement The use of traditional tobacco products is a known risk factor for the development of diseases including periodontal disease. To date, the potential oral health effects related to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use is unknown. This study collected saliva from ENDS users and never tobacco users to examine differences in the oral cavity of inflammatory cytokines and metabolites. The identification and measurement of these ENDS-related changes provide insight into disease pathways potentially associated with ENDS use. The utilization of saliva samples collected from human participates enhances the application of the findings compared to the majority of studies using cell culture and animal models. In addition, these foundational findings can inform future studies to examining specific pathways identified, interventional approaches, and application of translatable biomarkers of ENDS use.

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Rejection Measure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Weaver ◽  
J. Wesley Heath ◽  
David L. Ashley ◽  
Jidong Huang ◽  
Terry F. Pechacek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery

scholarly journals Injuries associated with electronic nicotine delivery systems

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Vyncke ◽  
Edward De Wolf ◽  
Henk Hoeksema ◽  
Jozef Verbelen ◽  
Petra De Coninck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery

scholarly journals Guidance to Employers on Integrating E-Cigarettes/Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Into Tobacco Worksite Policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie P. Whitsel ◽  
Neal Benowitz ◽  
Aruni Bhatnagar ◽  
Chris Bullen ◽  
Fred Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery

Statewide vaping product excise tax policy and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems among US young adults, 2014–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056653
Author(s):  
Dae-Hee Han ◽  
Dong-Chul Seo ◽  
Hsien-Chang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Us States ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
State Changes

ObjectivesAn increasing number of US states have required a tax on electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in the past few years. This study evaluated the effect of statewide vaping product excise tax policy on ENDS use among young adults.MethodsWe used the two recent waves (2014–2019) of the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. A total of 17 896 US young adults were analysed. Difference-in-differences approach along with weighted multilevel logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association of vaping product excise tax policy adoption with current ENDS use, accounting for the clustering of respondents within the same states.ResultsThere was an increase in current ENDS use prevalence from 2014–2015 (3.4%) to 2018–2019 (5.4%). The presence of a tax on ENDS products was significantly associated with reduced current ENDS use (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.64, 95% CI=0.43 to 0.95). Importantly, respondents living in states with the policy showed significantly lower increase in ENDS use prevalence during the study period (interaction between within-state changes and between-state differences: AOR=0.57, 95% CI=0.35 to 0.91), controlling for other state-level policies and sociodemographic characteristics.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that adopting a vaping product excise tax policy may help reduce ENDS use and suppress the increase of ENDS use prevalence among young adults. Considering that there are still a number of US states that have not implemented vaping product excise tax policy, wider adoption of such policy across the nation would likely help mitigate ENDS use prevalence.

Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Scoppetta ◽  
Camilo Rodríguez-Fandiño ◽  
Alejandra Villamil ◽  
Augusto Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽  
Nicotine Delivery
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document