Changes in long‐chain fatty acid composition of milk fat globule membrane and expression of mammary lipogenic genes in dairy cows fed sunflower seeds and rumen‐protected choline

Lactation physiology is a process that is only partly understood. Proteomics techniques have shown to be useful to help advance the knowledge on lactation physiology in human and rodent species but have not been used as major tools for dairy cows, except for mastitis. In this paper, advanced non-targeted proteomics techniques (Filter aided sample preparation and NanoLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS) were applied to study the milk fat globule membrane and milk serum fraction, resulting in the identification of 246 proteins. Of these, 23 transporters and enzymes were related to lipid synthesis and secretion in mammary gland and their functions are discussed in detail. The identification of these intracellular transporters and enzymes in milk provides a possibility of using milk itself to study lipid synthesis and secretion pathways. This full-scale scan of milk proteins by using non-targeted proteomic analysis helps to reveal the important proteins involved in lipid synthesis and secretion for further examination in targeted studies.

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The effect of a blend of dietary unesterified and saturated long-chain fatty acids on the performance of dairy cows in mid-lactation

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9900129 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

KR King ◽

CR Stockdale ◽

TE Trigg

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Long Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

This experiment studied the effects of feeding a supplement of a blend of unesterified and saturated long-chain fatty acids on the productivity of dairy cows in mid-lactation. Twenty-three cows in their fourth month of lactation were individually fed ad libitum, a mixed balanced ration based on maize silage, lucerne hay and rolled grain. Varying quantities, up to 1020 g cow-1 day-1 of the fatty acid supplement, were mixed into the ration. Yields of milk and milk products were linearly related to total long-chain fatty acid intake. Milk fat content increased linearly while milk protein content averaged 3.59 (s.d. � 0.15)%. The marginal returns from feeding 1 kg of the supplement were 3.3 kg milk, 0.33 kg fat and 0.07 kg protein. The proportions of C 10:0, C12:0 and C 14:0 fatty acids in milk were decreased, while those of C 18:0 and C18:1 were increased as the result of feeding long-chain fatty acids. The concentration of lipid in plasma was increased, but acetate and D-(3)-hydroxybutyrate levels in blood remained unchanged with increased levels of dietary long-chain fatty acid. Efficiency of milk production was increased by 11% from feeding 1 kg of the supplement. In vivo digestibilities of dry matter, neutral and acid detergent fibres, and dietary long-chain fatty acids were unaffected by supplement.

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Infant formula enriched with milk fat globule membrane, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, synbiotics, gangliosides, nucleotides and sialic acid reduces infections during the first 18 months of life: The COGNIS study

Journal of Functional Foods ◽

10.1016/j.jff.2021.104529 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

pp. 104529

Author(s):

Florian Herrmann ◽

Ana Nieto-Ruiz ◽

Natalia Sepúlveda-Valbuena ◽

M. Teresa Miranda ◽

Estefanía Diéguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sialic Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule ◽

Long Chain

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Effect of High Temperature on Long-Chain Fatty Acid Composition of Milk Fat of Dairy Cows

Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho ◽

10.2508/chikusan.53.499 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 499-502

Author(s):

Hisao ITABASHI ◽

Takeru KOBAYASHI ◽

Noriaki YAMAGISHI ◽

Hiroaki SHISHIDO

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

High Temperature ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Long Chain

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Polar lipids, sphingomyelin and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids from the milk fat globule membrane are increased in milks produced by cows fed fresh pasture based diet during spring

Food Research International ◽

10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.049 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 59-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Christelle Lopez ◽

Valérie Briard-Bion ◽

Olivia Ménard

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Polar Lipids ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule ◽

Long Chain

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Significant changes in ITIH4, AHSG, ORM1, and CD46 content in milk fat globule membrane proteins of ketotic dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029917000644 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 407-413

Author(s):

Sansi Gao ◽

Wei Yang ◽

Hongjiang Yu ◽

Runqi Liu ◽

Zhihao Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Membrane Proteins ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Complement C3 ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membranes ◽

Complement C9

High concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in cows’ blood caused by ketosis are associated with inflammatory states. We hypothesised that ketosis in postparturient dairy cows would result in altered levels on inflammation-related proteins not only in plasma but also in the milk fat globule membranes (MFGM). Thirty cows were selected from a dairy farm in Heilongjiang, China. Inflammatory milk fat globule membrane proteins were detected using ELISA kits, and a fully automatic biochemical analyser was used to measure the concentrations of BHBA, NEFA, glucose (GLU) and triglyceride (TG) in plasma. MFGM protein from milk of ketotic cows contained significantly different concentrations of acute-phase response proteins (complement C3 (C3), prothrombin (F2), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (ORM1), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITIH4), alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG), complement C9 (C9), complement regulatory protein variant 4 (CD46)) in comparison with milk from non-ketotic cows. Blood concentrations of C3, complement C9 (C9), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), MFGM C3, monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (CD14) and ORM1 levels were correlated with energy balance. ITIH4 and CD46 increased, and AHSG and ORM1 decreased before the onset of ketosis. These biomarkers offer potential as predictors and monitors of ketosis in at-risk cows.

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Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteome and Micronutrients in the Milk Lipid Fraction: Insights into Milk Bioactive Compounds

Dairy ◽

10.3390/dairy2020018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 202-217

Author(s):

Michele Manoni ◽

Donata Cattaneo ◽

Sharon Mazzoleni ◽

Carlotta Giromini ◽

Antonella Baldi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Value Added ◽

Milk Lipid ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽

Fat Globules ◽

Milk Fat Globules ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule ◽

Value Added Products

Milk lipids are composed of milk fat globules (MFGs) surrounded by the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). MFGM protects MFGs from coalescence and enzymatic degradation. The milk lipid fraction is a “natural solvent” for macronutrients such as phospholipids, proteins and cholesterol, and micronutrients such as minerals and vitamins. The research focused largely on the polar lipids of MFGM, given their wide bioactive properties. In this review we discussed (i) the composition of MFGM proteome and its variations among species and phases of lactation and (ii) the micronutrient content of human and cow’s milk lipid fraction. The major MFGM proteins are shared among species, but the molecular function and protein expression of MFGM proteins vary among species and phases of lactation. The main minerals in the milk lipid fraction are iron, zinc, copper and calcium, whereas the major vitamins are vitamin A, β-carotene, riboflavin and α-tocopherol. The update and the combination of this knowledge could lead to the exploitation of the MFGM proteome and the milk lipid fraction at nutritional, biological or technological levels. An example is the design of innovative and value-added products, such as MFGM-supplemented infant formulas.

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