scholarly journals Daphnia magna modifies its gene expression extensively in response to caloric restriction revealing a novel effect on haemoglobin isoform preference

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (17) ◽  
pp. 3261-3276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Hearn ◽  
Jessica Clark ◽  
Philip J. Wilson ◽  
Tom J. Little
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Its Gene

scholarly journals Daphnia magna modifies its gene expression extensively in response to caloric restriction revealing a novel effect on haemoglobin isoform preference

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Hearn ◽  
Jessica Clark ◽  
Philip J. Wilson ◽  
Tom J. Little
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Absolute Expression

AbstractCaloric restriction (CR) produces clear phenotypic effects within and between generations of the model crustacean Daphnia magna. We have previously established that micro RNAs and cytosine methylation change in response to CR in this organism, and we demonstrate here that CR has a dramatic effect on gene expression. Over 6000 genes were differentially expressed between CR and well-fed D. magna, with a bias towards up-regulation of genes under caloric restriction. We identified a highly expressed haemoglobin gene that responds to CR by changing isoform proportions. Specifically, a transcript containing three erythrocruorin domains was strongly down-regulated under CR in favour of transcripts containing fewer or no such domains. This change in the haemoglobin mix is similar to the response to hypoxia in Daphnia, which is mediated through the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1, and ultimately the mTOR signalling pathway. This is the first report of a role for haemoglobin in the response to CR. We also observed high absolute expression of super-oxide dismutase (SOD) in normally-fed individuals, which contrasts with observations of high SOD levels under in CR in other taxa. However, key differentially expressed genes, like SOD, were not targeted by differentially expressed micro-RNAs. Whether the link between Haemoglobin and CR is the case in other organisms, or is related to the aquatic lifestyle, remains to be tested. It suggests that one response to CR may be to simply transport less oxygen and lower respiration.

scholarly journals The Integrated RNA Landscape of Renal Preconditioning against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Johnsen ◽  
Torsten Kubacki ◽  
Assa Yeroslaviz ◽  
Martin Richard Späth ◽  
Jannis Mörsdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Hypoxic Preconditioning ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Gene Expression Signatures

BackgroundAlthough AKI lacks effective therapeutic approaches, preventive strategies using preconditioning protocols, including caloric restriction and hypoxic preconditioning, have been shown to prevent injury in animal models. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the enhanced resistance to AKI conferred by such approaches is needed to facilitate clinical use. We hypothesized that these preconditioning strategies use similar pathways to augment cellular stress resistance.MethodsTo identify genes and pathways shared by caloric restriction and hypoxic preconditioning, we used RNA-sequencing transcriptome profiling to compare the transcriptional response with both modes of preconditioning in mice before and after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.ResultsThe gene expression signatures induced by both preconditioning strategies involve distinct common genes and pathways that overlap significantly with the transcriptional changes observed after ischemia-reperfusion injury. These changes primarily affect oxidation-reduction processes and have a major effect on mitochondrial processes. We found that 16 of the genes differentially regulated by both modes of preconditioning were strongly correlated with clinical outcome; most of these genes had not previously been directly linked to AKI.ConclusionsThis comparative analysis of the gene expression signatures in preconditioning strategies shows overlapping patterns in caloric restriction and hypoxic preconditioning, pointing toward common molecular mechanisms. Our analysis identified a limited set of target genes not previously known to be associated with AKI; further study of their potential to provide the basis for novel preventive strategies is warranted. To allow for optimal interactive usability of the data by the kidney research community, we provide an online interface for user-defined interrogation of the gene expression datasets (http://shiny.cecad.uni-koeln.de:3838/IRaP/).

scholarly journals DNA methylation differs extensively between strains of the same geographical origin and changes with age in Daphnia magna

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Hearn ◽  
Fiona Plenderleith ◽  
Tom J. Little
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Food Level ◽  
Epigenetic Clock ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background Patterns of methylation influence lifespan, but methylation and lifespan may also depend on diet, or differ between genotypes. Prior to this study, interactions between diet and genotype have not been explored together to determine their influence on methylation. The invertebrate Daphnia magna is an excellent choice for testing the epigenetic response to the environment: parthenogenetic offspring are identical to their siblings (making for powerful genetic comparisons), they are relatively short lived and have well-characterised inter-strain life-history trait differences. We performed a survival analysis in response to caloric restriction and then undertook a 47-replicate experiment testing the DNA methylation response to ageing and caloric restriction of two strains of D. magna. Results Methylated cytosines (CpGs) were most prevalent in exons two to five of gene bodies. One strain exhibited a significantly increased lifespan in response to caloric restriction, but there was no effect of food-level CpG methylation status. Inter-strain differences dominated the methylation experiment with over 15,000 differently methylated CpGs. One gene, Me31b, was hypermethylated extensively in one strain and is a key regulator of embryonic expression. Sixty-one CpGs were differentially methylated between young and old individuals, including multiple CpGs within the histone H3 gene, which were hypermethylated in old individuals. Across all age-related CpGs, we identified a set that are highly correlated with chronological age. Conclusions Methylated cytosines are concentrated in early exons of gene sequences indicative of a directed, non-random, process despite the low overall DNA methylation percentage in this species. We identify no effect of caloric restriction on DNA methylation, contrary to our previous results, and established impacts of caloric restriction on phenotype and gene expression. We propose our approach here is more robust in invertebrates given genome-wide CpG distributions. For both strain and ageing, a single gene emerges as differentially methylated that for each factor could have widespread phenotypic effects. Our data showed the potential for an epigenetic clock at a subset of age positions, which is exciting but requires confirmation.

scholarly journals GhKWL1 Upregulates GhERF105 but Its Function Is Impaired by Binding with VdISC1, a Pathogenic Effector of Verticillium dahliae

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7328
Author(s):  
Yang Chen ◽  
Mi Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xiaohan Yu ◽  
Xianbi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Effector Protein ◽  
Positive Regulator ◽  
Its Gene

Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a devastating disease for many important crops, including cotton. Kiwellins (KWLs), a group of cysteine-rich proteins synthesized in many plants, have been shown to be involved in response to various phytopathogens. To evaluate genes for their function in resistance to Verticillium wilt, we investigated KWL homologs in cotton. Thirty-five KWL genes (GhKWLs) were identified from the genome of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Among them, GhKWL1 was shown to be localized in nucleus and cytosol, and its gene expression is induced by the infection of V. dahliae. We revealed that GhKWL1 was a positive regulator of GhERF105. Silencing of GhKWL1 resulted in a decrease, whereas overexpression led to an increase in resistance of transgenic plants to Verticillium wilt. Interestingly, through binding to GhKWL1, the pathogenic effector protein VdISC1 produced by V. dahliae could impair the defense response mediated by GhKWL1. Therefore, our study suggests there is a GhKWL1-mediated defense response in cotton, which can be hijacked by V. dahliae through the interaction of VdISC1 with GhKWL1.

Fat feeding impairs glycogen synthase activity in mice without effects on its gene expression

Metabolism ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Huang ◽  
Mona Hansson ◽  
Esa Laurila ◽  
Bo Ahrén ◽  
Leif Groop
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Fat Feeding ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Activity

scholarly journals Dexamethasone administration attenuates the inhibitory effect of lipopolysaccharide on IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in adult rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Priego ◽  
Miriam Granado ◽  
Ana Isabel Martín ◽  
Asunción López-Calderón ◽  
María Angeles Villanúa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Gh Receptor ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Igfbp 3

The aim of this study was to investigate whether glucocorticoid administration had a beneficial effect on serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and on IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in rats injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Adult male rats were injected with LPS or saline and pretreated with dexamethasone or saline. Dexamethasone administration decreased growth hormone (GH) receptor and IGF-I mRNA levels in the liver of control rats. LPS decreased GH receptor and IGF-I gene expression in the liver of saline-treated rats but not in the liver of dexamethasone-pretreated rats. In the kidney, GH receptor mRNA levels were not modified by dexamethasone or LPS treatment. However, LPS decreased renal IGF-I gene expression and dexamethasone pretreatment prevented this decrease. Serum concentrations of IGF-I were decreased by LPS, and dexamethasone pretreatment attenuated this effect. The gene expression of IGFBP-3 in the liver and kidney and its circulating levels were decreased by LPS. In control rats dexamethasone increased circulating IGFBP-3 and its gene expression in the liver, and decreased the proteolysis of this protein. Dexamethasone pretreatment attenuated the LPS-induced decrease in IGFBP-3 gene expression in the liver and prevented the LPS-induced decrease in IGFBP-3 gene expression in the kidney. Moreover, dexamethasone pretreatment attenuated the LPS-induced decrease in serum concentrations of IGFBP-3 and decreased the LPS-induced IGFBP-3 proteolysis in serum. In conclusion, dexamethasone pretreatment partially attenuates the inhibitory effect of LPS on serum IGF-I by blocking the decrease of its gene expression in the kidney as well as by attenuating the decrease in serum concentrations of IGFBP-3.

scholarly journals Coordinated multitissue transcriptional and plasma metabonomic profiles following acute caloric restriction in mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Selman ◽  
Nicola D. Kerrison ◽  
Anisha Cooray ◽  
Matthew D. W. Piper ◽  
Steven J. Lingard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cellular Transport ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

Caloric restriction (CR) increases healthy life span in a range of organisms. The underlying mechanisms are not understood but appear to include changes in gene expression, protein function, and metabolism. Recent studies demonstrate that acute CR alters mortality rates within days in flies. Multitissue transcriptional changes and concomitant metabolic responses to acute CR have not been described. We generated whole genome RNA transcript profiles in liver, skeletal muscle, colon, and hypothalamus and simultaneously measured plasma metabolites using proton nuclear magnetic resonance in mice subjected to acute CR. Liver and muscle showed increased gene expressions associated with fatty acid metabolism and a reduction in those involved in hepatic lipid biosynthesis. Glucogenic amino acids increased in plasma, and gene expression for hepatic gluconeogenesis was enhanced. Increased expression of genes for hormone-mediated signaling and decreased expression of genes involved in protein binding and development occurred in hypothalamus. Cell proliferation genes were decreased and cellular transport genes increased in colon. Acute CR captured many, but not all, hepatic transcriptional changes of long-term CR. Our findings demonstrate a clear transcriptional response across multiple tissues during acute CR, with congruent plasma metabolite changes. Liver and muscle switched gene expression away from energetically expensive biosynthetic processes toward energy conservation and utilization processes, including fatty acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. Both muscle and colon switched gene expression away from cellular proliferation. Mice undergoing acute CR rapidly adopt many transcriptional and metabolic changes of long-term CR, suggesting that the beneficial effects of CR may require only a short-term reduction in caloric intake.

Effects of ultraviolet-filters on Daphnia magna development and endocrine-related gene expression

2021 ◽  
pp. 105915
Author(s):  
F.N. Lambert ◽  
H.R. Gracy ◽  
A.J. Gracy ◽  
S.H. Yoon ◽  
R.W. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Related Gene
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