scholarly journals Physiological roles of Casparian strips and suberin in the transport of water and solutes.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Calvo‐Polanco ◽  
Zoe Ribeyre ◽  
Myriam Dauzat ◽  
Guilhem Reyt ◽  
Christopher Hidalgo‐Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Casparian Strips

Casparian Strips Occur in Onion Root Hypodermal Cells: Evidence from Band Plasmolysis

1983 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROL A. PETERSON ◽  
MARY E. EMANUEL
Keyword(s):  
Onion Root ◽  
Casparian Strips

scholarly journals Anatomy of pneumatophore of Mauritia vinifera mart

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Alfredo Rodrigues Pereira ◽  
Maria Elisa Ribeiro Calbo ◽  
Claiton Juvenir Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Vascular Cylinder ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Casparian Strips ◽  
Endodermal Cells

Pneumatophores of Mauritia vinifera Mart. were collected from six month-old plants maintained submerged in fresh water to induce pneumatophore formation. Twenty day-old pneumatophores had a quite prominent root cap. The epidermis was composed of hexagonal cells, tangentially distributed along the cylindric surface of the organ. In transverse section these pneumatophores had a simple epidermis over several layers of sclerified parenchyma, which covered an aerenchyma with large intercellular spaces. The endodermal cells had Casparian strips. The vascular cylinder was polyarch, with a pith and surrounded by a unisseriate pericycle. Anatomically the 4 month-old pneumatophores were similar to the younger ones, except for the absence of the epidermis. The epidermis is replaced by a protective tissue, whose lignified and suberized cells projected themselves outwards, giving it a filamentous aspect. There was no accumulation of starch or tannins in the pneumatophores, except for the presence of statoliths in the root cap. No lenticels were observed in pneumatophores of M. vinifera. The main function of the pneumatophores of M. vinifera is to allow gas exchange, facilitating the supply of oxygen to the submerged root portions.

scholarly journals Comparative anatomy of the absorption roots of terrestrial and epiphytic orchids

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sílvia Franco Pinheiro Moreira ◽  
Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Endodermal Cell ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Casparian Strips

The present study compared roots of terrestrial and epiphytic Orchidaceae, analyzing the anatomical characteristics from an ecological point of view. The material was collected at three different sites in Minas Gerais / Brazil and was fixed in FAA. Transverse sections were obtained by freehand sections or from material previously embedded in Paraplast® or Historesin®. The prominent characteristics of the epiphytic group were: significant smaller perimeter, epidermis with 3 or more cell layers, U-thickened exodermal cell walls, O-thickened endodermal cell walls, and a low ratio between the caliber and the number of protoxylem arches. The terrestrial group presented simple or multiseriate epidermis, and exodermis and endodermis with typical Casparian strips. The anatomical characteristics should have evolved with several adaptations to distinct environments during evolutionary process.

The anatomy of the leaf of red pine, Pinus resinosa. II. Vascular tissues

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2804-2824 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Gambles ◽  
R. E. Dengler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Transfusion Tissue ◽  
Casparian Strips ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Symplastic Pathway ◽  
Anatomy And Ultrastructure ◽  
Lateral Bundle

The anatomy and ultrastructure of the endodermis and enclosed vascular tissues of the midregion of the mature secondary needle-leaf of Pinus resinosa are described. Within the uniseriate endodermis are two vascular traces surrounded by transfusion tissue. The endodermal cells have differentially thickened walls which lack Casparian strips but are lignified. Plasmodesmata traversing pit regions form a symplastic interconnection between mesophyll, endodermal, and transfusion parenchyma cells. In the lateral bundle region plasmodesmata extend this symplastic pathway across the cell walls of subjacent transfusion parenchyma and richly protoplasmic albuminous cells to the metaphloem. Four distinct types of transfusion tracheids have been defined on the basis of cell shape and location. Transfusion tracheids in the lateral bundle regions form direct radial connections between metaxylem and endodermis.

Demonstration of a complete Casparian strip in Avena and Ipomoea by a fluorescent staining technique

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1869-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Peirson ◽  
E. B. Dumbroff
Keyword(s):  
Staining Technique ◽  
New Combination ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Fluorescent Staining ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Casparian Strips ◽  
Endodermal Cells

A new combination of embedding material and high contrast stain has provided the means for demonstrating, photographically, tangential sections of endodermal cells showing complete Casparian strips.

scholarly journals The MYB36 transcription factor orchestrates Casparian strip formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (33) ◽  
pp. 10533-10538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Kamiya ◽  
Monica Borghi ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
John M. C. Danku ◽  
Lothar Kalmbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Strip Domain ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Casparian Strips ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Respiratory Burst Oxidase ◽  
Strip Formation

The endodermis in roots acts as a selectivity filter for nutrient and water transport essential for growth and development. This selectivity is enabled by the formation of lignin-based Casparian strips. Casparian strip formation is initiated by the localization of the Casparian strip domain proteins (CASPs) in the plasma membrane, at the site where the Casparian strip will form. Localized CASPs recruit Peroxidase 64 (PER64), a Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog F, and Enhanced Suberin 1 (ESB1), a dirigent-like protein, to assemble the lignin polymerization machinery. However, the factors that control both expression of the genes encoding this biosynthetic machinery and its localization to the Casparian strip formation site remain unknown. Here, we identify the transcription factor, MYB36, essential for Casparian strip formation. MYB36 directly and positively regulates the expression of the Casparian strip genes CASP1, PER64, and ESB1. Casparian strips are absent in plants lacking a functional MYB36 and are replaced by ectopic lignin-like material in the corners of endodermal cells. The barrier function of Casparian strips in these plants is also disrupted. Significantly, ectopic expression of MYB36 in the cortex is sufficient to reprogram these cells to start expressing CASP1–GFP, correctly localize the CASP1–GFP protein to form a Casparian strip domain, and deposit a Casparian strip-like structure in the cell wall at this location. These results demonstrate that MYB36 is controlling expression of the machinery required to locally polymerize lignin in a fine band in the cell wall for the formation of the Casparian strip.

scholarly journals GDSL-domain containing proteins mediate suberin biosynthesis and degradation, enabling developmental plasticity of the endodermis during lateral root emergence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robertas Ursache ◽  
Cristovao De Jesus Vieira-Teixeira ◽  
Valérie Dénervaud Tendon ◽  
Kay Gully ◽  
Damien De Bellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Suberin Lamellae ◽  
Casparian Strips ◽  
Endodermal Cells

ABSTRACTRoots anchor plants and deliver water and nutrients from the soil. The root endodermis provides the crucial extracellular diffusion barrier by setting up a supracellular network of lignified cell walls, called Casparian strips, supported by a subsequent formation of suberin lamellae. Whereas lignification is thought to be irreversible, formation of suberin lamellae was demonstrated to be dynamic, facilitating adaptation to different soil conditions. Plants shape their root system through the regulated formation of lateral roots emerging from within the endodermis, requiring local breaking and re-sealing of the endodermal diffusion barriers. Here, we show that differentiated endodermal cells have a distinct auxin-mediated transcriptional response that regulates cell wall remodelling. Based on this data set we identify a set of GDSL-lipases that are essential for suberin formation. Moreover, we find that another set of GDSL-lipases mediates suberin degradation, which enables the developmental plasticity of the endodermis required for normal lateral root emergence.

scholarly journals The structure of the endodermis during the development of pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kopcińska ◽  
Władysław Golinowski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Suberin Lamellae ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Casparian Strips ◽  
Root Endodermis

It is shown on the basis of cytological studies that during the development of the pea root endodermis, the following structures were formed (in order of appearance): proendodermis, Casparian strips, suberin lamellae and secondary cell walls. The proendodermis cells had, in addition to the commonly occurring cell components, small vacuoles filled with phenols. The Casparian strips developed in the radial walls and accounted for no more than 1/3 of their length. The suberin layer, found on all of the endodermis walls, was deposited last over the Casparian strips. The secondary cell wall was formed only in the cells located over the phloem bundles. Its thickness was uniform over the entire circumference of the cell.

scholarly journals Endodermal differentiation is reconstructed by coordination of two parallel signaling systems derived from the stele in roots

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxue Li ◽  
Qiaozhi Yu ◽  
Chunmiao Xu ◽  
Xu Gu ◽  
Shilian Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Fate Map ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Casparian Strips

AbstractThe plant roots represent the exquisitely controlled cell fate map in which different cell types undergo a complete status transition from stem cell division and initial fate specification, to the terminal differentiation. The endodermis is initially specified in meristem but further differentiates to form Casparian strips (CSs), the apoplastic barrier in the mature zone for the selective transport between stele and outer tissues, and thus is regarded as plant inner skin. In the Arabidopsis thaliana root the transcription factors SHORTROOT (SHR) regulate asymmetric cell division in cortical initials to separate endodermal and cortex cell layer. In this paper, we utilized synthetic approach to examine the reconstruction of fully functional Casparian strips in plant roots. Our results revealed that SHR serves as a master regulator of a hierarchical signaling cascade that, combined with stele-derived small peptides, is sufficient to rebuild the functional CS in non-endodermal cells. This is a demonstration of the deployment of two parallel signaling systems, in which both apoplastic and symplastic communication were employed, for coordinately specifying the endodermal cell fate.

scholarly journals Uclacyanin Proteins Are Required for Lignified Nanodomain Formation within Casparian Strips

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
pp. 4103-4111.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilhem Reyt ◽  
Zhenfei Chao ◽  
Paulina Flis ◽  
Isai Salas-González ◽  
Gabriel Castrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Casparian Strips
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