FITNESS, a CCT domain-containing protein, deregulates reactive oxygen species levels and leads to fine-tuning trade-offs between reproductive success and defence responses in Arabidopsis

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2328-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Virginia Osella ◽  
Diego Alberto Mengarelli ◽  
Julieta Mateos ◽  
Shuchao Dong ◽  
Marcelo J. Yanovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Defence Responses

scholarly journals PRDX1 is essential for the viability and maintenance of reactive oxygen species in chicken DT40

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahito Moriwaki ◽  
Akari Yoshimura ◽  
Yuki Tamari ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasanuma ◽  
Shunichi Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Homeostasis ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Chromosomal Breaks ◽  
Dt40 Cells

Abstract Background Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) is a member of a ubiquitous family of thiol peroxidases that catalyze the reduction of peroxides, including hydrogen peroxide. It functions as an antioxidant enzyme, similar to catalase and glutathione peroxidase. PRDX1 was recently shown act as a sensor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and play a role in ROS-dependent intracellular signaling pathways. To investigate its physiological functions, PRDX1 was conditionally disrupted in chicken DT40 cells in the present study. Results The depletion of PRDX1 resulted in cell death with increased levels of intracellular ROS. PRDX1-depleted cells did not show the accumulation of chromosomal breaks or sister chromatid exchange (SCE). These results suggest that cell death in PRDX1-depleted cells was not due to DNA damage. 2-Mercaptoethanol protected against cell death in PRDX1-depleted cells and also suppressed elevations in ROS. Conclusions PRDX1 is essential in chicken DT40 cells and plays an important role in maintaining intracellular ROS homeostasis (or in the fine-tuning of cellular ROS levels). Cells deficient in PRDX1 may be used as an endogenously deregulated ROS model to elucidate the physiological roles of ROS in maintaining proper cell growth.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Photosynthesis in the Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Defence Responses to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5767
Author(s):  
Yuting Hu ◽  
Shengfu Zhong ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yinping Liang ◽  
Guoshu Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
H2o2 Accumulation ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Defence Responses

Photosynthesis is not only a primary generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also a component of plant defence. To determine the relationships among photosynthesis, ROS, and defence responses to powdery mildew in wheat, we compared the responses of the Pm40-expressing wheat line L658 and its susceptible sister line L958 at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-inoculation (hpi) with powdery mildew via analyses of transcriptomes, cytology, antioxidant activities, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that H2O2 accumulation in L658 was significantly greater than that in L958 at 6 and 48 hpi, and the enzymes activity and transcripts expression of peroxidase and catalase were suppressed in L658 compared with L958. In addition, the inhibition of photosynthesis in L658 paralleled the global downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes. Furthermore, the expression of the salicylic acid-related genes non-expressor of pathogenesis related genes 1 (NPR1), pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1), and pathogenesis-related 5 (PR5) was upregulated, while the expression of jasmonic acid- and ethylene-related genes was inhibited in L658 compared with L958. In conclusion, the downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes likely led to a decline in photosynthesis, which may be combined with the inhibition of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) to generate two stages of H2O2 accumulation. The high level of H2O2, salicylic acid and PR1 and PR5 in L658 possible initiated the hypersensitive response.

scholarly journals Reactive oxygen species as universal constraints in life-history evolution

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1663) ◽  
pp. 1737-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian K. Dowling ◽  
Leigh W. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Life History ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Evolution

Evolutionary theory is firmly grounded on the existence of trade-offs between life-history traits, and recent interest has centred on the physiological mechanisms underlying such trade-offs. Several branches of evolutionary biology, particularly those focusing on ageing, immunological and sexual selection theory, have implicated reactive oxygen species (ROS) as profound evolutionary players. ROS are a highly reactive group of oxygen-containing molecules, generated as common by-products of vital oxidative enzyme complexes. Both animals and plants appear to intentionally harness ROS for use as molecular messengers to fulfil a wide range of essential biological processes. However, at high levels, ROS are known to exert very damaging effects through oxidative stress. For these reasons, ROS have been suggested to be important mediators of the cost of reproduction, and of trade-offs between metabolic rate and lifespan, and between immunity, sexual ornamentation and sperm quality. In this review, we integrate the above suggestions into one life-history framework, and review the evidence in support of the contention that ROS production will constitute a primary and universal constraint in life-history evolution.

scholarly journals Oxidoreductases and Reactive Oxygen Species in Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastien Bissaro ◽  
Anikó Várnai ◽  
Åsmund K. Røhr ◽  
Vincent G. H. Eijsink
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Systems ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenases

SUMMARYBiomass constitutes an appealing alternative to fossil resources for the production of materials and energy. The abundance and attractiveness of vegetal biomass come along with challenges pertaining to the intricacy of its structure, evolved during billions of years to face and resist abiotic and biotic attacks. To achieve the daunting goal of plant cell wall decomposition, microorganisms have developed many (enzymatic) strategies, from which we seek inspiration to develop biotechnological processes. A major breakthrough in the field has been the discovery of enzymes today known as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), which, by catalyzing the oxidative cleavage of recalcitrant polysaccharides, allow canonical hydrolytic enzymes to depolymerize the biomass more efficiently. Very recently, it has been shown that LPMOs are not classical monooxygenases in that they can also use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. This discovery calls for a revision of our understanding of how lignocellulolytic enzymes are connected since H2O2is produced and used by several of them. The first part of this review is dedicated to the LPMO paradigm, describing knowns, unknowns, and uncertainties. We then present different lignocellulolytic redox systems, enzymatic or not, that depend on fluxes of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on an assessment of these putatively interconnected systems, we suggest that fine-tuning of H2O2levels and proximity between sites of H2O2production and consumption are important for fungal biomass conversion. In the last part of this review, we discuss how our evolving understanding of redox processes involved in biomass depolymerization may translate into industrial applications.

scholarly journals An Autoregulatory Loop ControllingCYP1A1 Gene Expression: Role of H2O2and NFI

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 6825-6832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Morel ◽  
Nicolas Mermod ◽  
Robert Barouki
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cytochrome P450 1A1 ◽  
Down Regulation

ABSTRACT Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), like many monooxygenases, can produce reactive oxygen species during its catalytic cycle. Apart from the well-characterized xenobiotic-elicited induction, the regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of the steady-state activity of CYP1A1 have not been elucidated. We show here that reactive oxygen species generated from the activity of CYP1A1 limit the levels of induced CYP1A1 mRNAs. The mechanism involves the repression of theCYP1A1 gene promoter activity in a negative-feedback autoregulatory loop. Indeed, increasing the CYP1A1 activity by transfecting CYP1A1 expression vectors into hepatoma cells elicited an oxidative stress and led to the repression of a reporter gene driven by the CYP1A1 gene promoter. This negative autoregulation is abolished by ellipticine (an inhibitor of CYP1A1) and by catalase (which catalyzes H2O2 catabolism), thus implying that H2O2 is an intermediate. Down-regulation is also abolished by the mutation of the proximal nuclear factor I (NFI) site in the promoter. The transactivating domain of NFI/CTF was found to act in synergy with the arylhydrocarbon receptor pathway during the induction of CYP1A1 by 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dibenzodioxin. Using an NFI/CTF-Gal4 fusion, we show that NFI/CTF transactivating function is decreased by a high activity of CYP1A1. This regulation is also abolished by catalase or ellipticine. Consistently, the transactivating function of NFI/CTF is repressed in cells treated with H2O2, a novel finding indicating that the transactivating domain of a transcription factor can be targeted by oxidative stress. In conclusion, an autoregulatory loop leads to the fine tuning of theCYP1A1 gene expression through the down-regulation of NFI activity by CYP1A1-based H2O2 production. This mechanism allows a limitation of the potentially toxic CYP1A1 activity within the cell.

scholarly journals Basal superoxide as a sex-specific immune constraint

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 906-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tobler ◽  
Mo Healey ◽  
Mark Wilson ◽  
Mats Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Life History ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Trade Offs

There is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS), a group of unstable and highly reactive chemical molecules, play a key role in regulating and maintaining life-history trade-offs. Upregulation of ROS in association with immune activation is costly because it may result in an imbalance between pro- and antioxidants and, hence, oxidative damage. Previous research aimed at quantifying this cost has mostly focused on changes in the pro-/antioxidant balance subsequent to an immune response. Here, we test the hypothesis that systemic ROS may constrain immune activation. We show that systemic, pre-challenge superoxide (SO) levels are negatively related to the strength of the subsequent immune response towards the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin in male, but not female painted dragon lizards ( Ctenophorus pictus ). We therefore suggest that systemic SO constrains immune activation in painted dragon males. We speculate that this may be due to sex-specific selection pressures on immune investment.

scholarly journals Reactive oxygen species metabolism and photosynthetic performance in leaves of Hordeum vulgare plants co-infested with Heterodera filipjevi and Aceria tosichella

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1719-1741
Author(s):  
Mateusz Labudda ◽  
Krzysztof Tokarz ◽  
Barbara Tokarz ◽  
Ewa Muszyńska ◽  
Marta Gietler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Assimilation ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Aceria Tosichella ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Photosynthesis Efficiency ◽  
In Cells

Abstract Key message Defence responses of cyst nematode and/or wheat curl mite infested barley engage the altered reactive oxygen species production, antioxidant machinery, carbon dioxide assimilation and photosynthesis efficiency. Abstract The primary aim of this study was to determine how barley responds to two pests infesting separately or at once; thus barley was inoculated with Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter (cereal cyst nematode; CCN) and Aceria tosichella Keifer (wheat curl mite; WCM). To verify hypothesis about the involvement of redox metabolism and photosynthesis in barley defence responses, biochemical, photosynthesis efficiency and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements as well as transmission electron microscopy were implemented. Inoculation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) brought about a significant suppression in the efficiency of electron transport outside photosystem II reaction centres. This limitation was an effect of diminished pool of rapidly reducing plastoquinone and decreased total electron carriers. Infestation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) also significantly restricted the electron transport on the photosystem I acceptor side, therefore produced reactive oxygen species oxidized lipids in cells of WCM and double infested plants and proteins in cells of WCM-infested plants. The level of hydrogen peroxide was significantly decreased in double infested plants because of glutathione–ascorbate cycle involvement. The inhibition of nitrosoglutathione reductase promoted the accumulation of S-nitrosoglutathione increasing antioxidant capacity in cells of double infested plants. Moreover, enhanced arginase activity in WCM-infested plants could stimulate synthesis of polyamines participating in plant antioxidant response. Infestation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) significantly reduced the efficiency of carbon dioxide assimilation by barley leaves, whereas infection only with CCN expanded photosynthesis efficiency. These were accompanied with the ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts during CCN and WCM infestation.

Infection induced defence responses in sorghum, with special emphasis on accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell wall modifications

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (13) ◽  
pp. 1295-1317
Author(s):  
Puttalingaiah Basavaraju ◽  
Nandini P. Shetty ◽  
Hunthrike S. Shetty ◽  
Eigil de Neergaard ◽  
Hans J.L. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Induced Defence ◽  
Defence Responses

scholarly journals Fine Tuning of Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis Regulates Primed Immune Responses in Arabidopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1334-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Pastor ◽  
Estrella Luna ◽  
Jurriaan Ton ◽  
Miguel Cerezo ◽  
Pilar García-Agustín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Glutamylcysteine Synthetase ◽  
Reduced And Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Respiratory Burst Oxidase

Selected stimuli can prime the plant immune system for a faster and stronger defense reaction to pathogen attack. Pretreatment of Arabidopsis with the chemical agent β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) augmented H2O2 and callose production after induction with the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) chitosan, or inoculation with the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina. However, BABA failed to prime H2O2 and callose production after challenge with the bacterial PAMP Flg22. Analysis of Arabidopsis mutants in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (rbohD) or ROS scavenging (pad2, vtc1, and cat2) suggested a regulatory role for ROS homeostasis in priming of chitosan- and P. cucumerina-inducible callose and ROS. Moreover, rbohD and pad2 were both impaired in BABA-induced resistance against P. cucumerina. Gene expression analysis revealed direct induction of NADPH/respiratory burst oxidase protein D (RBOHD), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1), and vitamin C defective 1 (VTC1) genes after BABA treatment. Conversely, ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1) transcription was repressed by BABA after challenge with chitosan or P. cucumerina, probably to provide a more oxidized environment in the cell and facilitate augmented ROS accumulation. Measuring ratios between reduced and oxidized glutathione confirmed that augmented defense expression in primed plants is associated with a more oxidized cellular status. Together, our data indicate that an altered ROS equilibrium is required for augmented defense expression in primed plants.

scholarly journals Precipitation at Room Temperature as a Fast and Versatile Method for Calcium Phosphate/TiO2 Nanocomposites Synthesis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1523
Author(s):  
Ina Erceg ◽  
Atiđa Selmani ◽  
Andreja Gajović ◽  
Borna Radatović ◽  
Suzana Šegota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Precipitation System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tio2 Nanomaterials ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanomaterials

The constantly growing need for advanced bone regeneration materials has motivated the development of calcium phosphates (CaPs) composites with a different metal or metal-oxide nanomaterials and their economical and environmentally friendly production. Here, two procedures for the synthesis of CaPs composites with TiO2 nanoplates (TiNPl) and nanowires (TiNWs) were tested, with the immersion of TiO2 nanomaterials (TiNMs) in corrected simulated body fluid (c-SBF) and precipitation of CaP in the presence of TiNMs. The materials obtained were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, and their hemocompatibility and ability to induce reactive oxygen species were evaluated. After 28 days of immersion in c-SBF, no significant CaP coating was formed on TiNMs. However, the composites with calcium-deficient apatite (CaDHA) were obtained after one hour in the spontaneous precipitation system. In the absence of TiNMs, CaDHA was also formed, indicating that control of the CaP phase formed can be accomplished by fine-tuning conditions in the precipitation system. Although the morphology and size of crystalline domains of CaDHA obtained on the different nanomaterials differed, no significant difference was detected in their local structure. Composites showed low reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and did not induce hemolysis. The results obtained indicate that precipitation is a suitable and fast method for the preparation of CaPs/TiNMs nanocomposites which shows great potential for biomedical applications.

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