scholarly journals The Effect of the Sectoral Composition of Economic Growth on Rural and Urban Poverty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Benfica ◽  
Heath Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Sectoral Composition

scholarly journals Urbanization, Inequality, and Poverty in the People’s Republic of China

2019 ◽  
pp. 641-673
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

Urbanization is considered to be an engine of economic growth in developing countries. Driven by policies of economic reforms and opening up, the structural changes ushered in an era of sustained and rapid economic growth for the People’s Republic of China (PRC). As a consequence, rural and urban poverty declined dramatically. At the same time, income inequality increased rapidly. To understand these important observations, this chapter inquires into the role played by urbanization in economic growth, poverty reduction, and the evolution of inequality in the PRC. Specifically, this chapter (1) analyses the relationship between urbanization, economic growth, and the evolution of inequality in the PRC; (2) focuses on the urban labour market and urban poverty; (3) portrays the multifaceted nature of poverty in the process of urbanization; and (4) analyses the effect of some anti-poverty and inequality policies in the context of urbanization.

scholarly journals A study about the sustainable challenges of extended areas in Taiwan and lessons for Ho Chi Minh, Dong Nai and Binh Duong regions

2020 ◽  
pp. 413-421
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Urban Activities

This paper examines the main challenges of the processes of space and social policy change present to current urbanization trends of Taiwan. The chapter argues that one of the main challenges is economic growth, increasing integration into the global economy and making Taiwan competitive in the global economy. This process leads to the growth of large urban regions that present many challenges to the urban development in the future. In particular, the paper focuses on the most fragile areas of the extended urban spaces are the rural and urban margins, where urban activities are expanding into densely populated agricultural regions. It is argued that in these areas, local policies should be developed that adapt to local ecosystems. The paper presents lessons of interventions in this field for Ho Chi Minh, Dong Nai and Binh Duong Region for urban expansion.

Urban poverty in India: Issues and perspectives in development

Social Change ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabh Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Credit Rating ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The Government

The present paper examines the trends in rural and urban poverty, analyses the interstate variations and explains these in terms of socio-economic factors. It shows that rural poverty declines smoothly with economic development, which unfortunately is not the case with urban poverty. The availability of water supply, toilets and electricity, that are not explicitly incorporated in the official definition of poverty, has also been analysed at the state level as also across size class of urban settlements. It is argued that the small and medium towns have a weak and unstable economic base. As a consequence, most of these are not in a position to generate funds to provide civic services to all sections of population. These towns, particularly those located in less developed states, should, therefore, be the major concern of government policy. Further, overviewing the changing system of governance, it argues that the seventy-fourth Constitutional Amendment, has not succeeded in genuine empowerment of civic bodies. The power now seems to have shifted from the state governments to the financial institutions, international donors and credit rating agencies. Finally, the capacity of the government to generate employment directly through anti-poverty programmes would remain limited. The paper, therefore, recommends that the anti-poverty programmes should primarily be focussed on provision of basic amenities.

scholarly journals The Incidence of the Cost of Increasing the Capacity of an Urban Water System

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Frank Goode
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water System ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Urban Water System ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Rural and urban communities alike are adopting, formally or informally, “no-growth” policies. The residents of these communities share a set of beliefs concerning the impact of economic growth and development on their community. These residents also share a set of values concerning what constitutes the good life for them. The “no-growth” policies result because of a conflict between the values held by the residents and their beliefs concerning the impacts of economic growth and development. One of the beliefs shared by many of these residents is that economic growth and development will require an expansion of various public service systems such as water and sewer. In addition, these residents believe that they will be required to pay much of the cost involved in expanding the systems even though they will receive few, if any, of the benefits. In essence, the residents of these communities are concerned with the incidence of the cost of system expansion.

scholarly journals Poverty, Income Distribution, and Government Policy that Pro-Poor in Indonesia year 2009-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Hayu Fadlun Widyasthika ◽  
Azwardi Azwardi ◽  
Tatang Abdul Madjid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This study aims to determine the effect of growth and distribution on poverty change as well as to analyse whether expenditure growth has given the benefits to the poor and non-poor in urban and rural area. The data used are raw data from total household consumption obtained from National Socio-Economic Survey for the period of 2009 to 2016. Poverty decomposition is used to see the effect of income growth and distribution on the poverty change. Furthermore, Poverty Equivalent Growth Rate (PEGR) supported by Growth Incidence Curve (GIC) is used to determine whether the benefit of economic growth is enjoyed more by the poor compared to pro-poor growth or not. The results show that income growth influences the decrease in poverty both in rural and urban area in Indonesia, during 2009-2016, 2009-2014 and 2014-2016. Conversely, the distribution of income increases the poverty in both areas during the periods. Inequality of income seems to give a strong influence so that the economic growth has not been a pro-poor both in rural and urban area of Indonesia during 2009-2016, 2009-2014 and 2009-2016. 

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate-Change-Related Disasters on Africa’s Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Conflicts: Can Humanitarian Aid and Food Assistance Offset the Damage?

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Go Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Food Assistance ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzed the impact of climate-related natural disasters (droughts, floods, storms/rainstorms) on economic and social variables. As the Africa-specific empirical literature is limited, this study used panel data from 1961–2011 on Africa. The study used a panel data regression model analysis. The results showed that climate change-related natural disasters affected Africa’s economic growth, agriculture, and poverty and caused armed conflicts. Among the disasters, droughts are the main cause of negative impact, severely affecting crops such as maize and coffee and resulting in increased urban poverty and armed conflicts. In contrast, international aid has a positive effect but the impact is insignificant compared to the negative consequences of climate-related natural disasters. Cereal food assistance has a negative crowding-out effect on cereal production. International donors should review their interventions to support Africa’s adaptative capacity to disasters. Government efficiency has reduced the number of deaths, and this is an area that supports Africa’s adaptative efforts.

scholarly journals The economic development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
efi rahmadhani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
National Development ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Economic growth essentially aims to improve the welfare of the community, so that increased economic growth is needed and more equitable income distribution. However, if the growth is followed by an improvement in income distribution, it will be difficult to create prosperity for the community in general, because the income distribution is uneven or does not run smoothly, so that it will automatically disrupt the Indonesian economy, and will be in poverty.But the high level of economic inequality in Indonesia has resulted in low income groups unable to access basic needs and services such as food, health and education. This can adversely affect the community and slow down the human development process, as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). Sources of economic inequality, especially in Indonesia, are due to the implementation of the economic system of capitalism, differences in natural resource content, market fundamentalism that encourage rich people to reap the biggest profits from economic growth, increased political capture, gender inequality, low wages lifting itself from poverty, inequality of access between rural and urban areas to infrastructure, a taxation system that fails to play an important role in distributing income.One of the country's efforts to reduce inequality between regions or regions is of course through equitable development in the regions. This is related to regional development, where regional development is an integral part of national development. Thus, it is expected that the results of development will be distributed and allocated to regional levels.

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