Gender‐ and age‐related differences in facial sebaceous glands in Asian skin, as observed by non‐invasive analysis using three‐dimensional ultrasound microscopy

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

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Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography – a further step in the non-invasive three-dimensional cardiac imaging

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2012.29466 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 153 (40) ◽

pp. 1570-1577 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Attila Nemes ◽

Anita Kalapos ◽

Péter Domsik ◽

Tamás Forster

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Imaging ◽

Speckle Tracking ◽

Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Myocardial Mechanics ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Imaging Methodology ◽

Invasive Evaluation

Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography is a new cardiac imaging methodology, which allows three-dimensional non-invasive evaluation of the myocardial mechanics. The aim of this review is to present this new tool emphasizing its diagnostic potentials and demonstrating its limitations, as well. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1570–1577.

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Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) for industrial and medical applications-An Overview

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS ◽

10.24297/jap.v11i1.577 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 2897-2908

Author(s):

Mohammed S.Aljohani

Keyword(s):

Imaging Technique ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Electrical Capacitance ◽

Image Reconstruction Techniques ◽

Phase Dynamics ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography ◽

And Performance ◽

Optimization And Performance

Tomography is a non-invasive, non-intrusive imaging technique allowing the visualization of phase dynamics in industrial and biological processes. This article reviews progress in Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT). ECVT is a direct 3D visualizing technique, unlike three-dimensional imaging, which is based on stacking 2D images to obtain an interpolated 3D image. ECVT has recently matured for real time, non-invasive 3-D monitoring of processes involving materials with strong contrast in dielectric permittivity. In this article, ECVT sensor design, optimization and performance of various sensors seen in literature are summarized. Qualitative Analysis of ECVT image reconstruction techniques has also been presented.

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Study of functional state of microcirculatory channel system in periodontal tissues in persons of different age groups

Стоматология детского возраста и профилактика ◽

10.33925/1683-3031-2020-20-2-88-94 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 88-94

Author(s):

L. Yu. Orekhova ◽

A. A. Petrov ◽

E. S. Loboda ◽

I. V. Berezkina ◽

K. V. Shadrina

Keyword(s):

Functional State ◽

Age Groups ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Structural Features ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Age Related ◽

Group 12 ◽

Therapeutic Measures

Relevance. The study of age-related features of microcirculation in periodontal tissues, using non-invasive functional research methods, allows us to develop the optimal range of therapeutic measures, as well as form a “personalized therapeutic case”.Purpose. Study of the functional state of the microvasculature in the tissues of the parodont in individuals of various age groups.Materials and methods. A standard dental examination of 80 patients was carried out, the sample of participants was ranked in 4 groups by age: 1 group – 12 years old, 2 group – 15 years old, 3 group – from 16 to 18 years old, 4 group – from 22 to 24 years old. Hygiene and periodontal indices were determined for all patients, such as papillarymarginal-alveolar (PMA) in the Parma modification, the Mulleman bleeding index in the Cowell modification (SBI), and the simplified Green Vermillion index of oral hygiene (OHI–s), caries intensity indicators for a permanent bite (CPI), as well as ultrasound dopplerography of periodontal tissues using the apparatus "Minimax-Doppler-K".Results. When studying microcirculation in periodontal tissues, distinctive characteristics of linear (Vas) and volumetric (Qas) blood flow rates, as well as indicators of pulsation indices (PI) and peripheral resistance (RI) in people of different age groups were recorded.Conclusions. This study confirms the presence of various hemodynamic indicators of periodontal tissues in the studied groups, which is due to structural features of the circulatory system in age periods.

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Non-invasive three-dimensional thickness analysis of oral epithelium based on optical coherence tomography—development and diagnostic performance

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. e06645

Author(s):

Charlotte Theresa Trebing ◽

Sinan Sen ◽

Stefan Rues ◽

Christopher Herpel ◽

Maria Schöllhorn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Diagnostic Performance ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Oral Epithelium ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Non Invasive

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Comparative Study between Healthy Young and Elderly Subjects: Higher-Order Statistical Parameters as Indices of Vocal Aging and Sex

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11156966 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 6966

Author(s):

Hee-Jin Choi ◽

Ji-Yeoun Lee

Keyword(s):

Higher Order ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Gender Analysis ◽

Elderly Male ◽

Statistical Parameters ◽

Time Frequency ◽

Age Related ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Vocal Aging

The objective of this study was to test higher-order statistical (HOS) parameters for the classification of young and elderly voice signals and identify gender- and age-related differences through HOS analysis. This study was based on data from 116 subjects (58 females and 58 males) extracted from the Saarbruecken voice database. In the gender analysis, the same number of voice samples were analyzed for each sex. Further, we conducted experiments on the voices of elderly people using gender analysis. Finally, we reviewed the standards and reference models to reduce sex and gender bias. The acoustic parameters were extracted from young and elderly voice signals using Praat and a time–frequency analysis program (TF32). Additionally, we investigated the gender- and age-related differences in HOS parameters. Young and elderly voice signals significantly differed in normalized skewness (p = 0.005) in women and normalized kurtosis (p = 0.011) in men. Therefore, normalized skewness is a useful parameter for distinguishing between young and elderly female voices, and normalized kurtosis is essential for distinguishing between young and elderly male voices. We will continue to investigate parameters that represent important information in elderly voice signals.

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Correlation between tympanometry volume and three-dimensional computed tomography mastoid volumetry in tympanoplasty candidates

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s002221512100164x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

L Epprecht ◽

L Qingsong ◽

N Stenz ◽

S Hashimi ◽

T Linder

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Tympanic Membrane ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Radiation Injury ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Tympanic Membrane Perforations ◽

Computed Tomography Scans ◽

Air Cells ◽

Mastoid Air Cells

Abstract Objective Ventilation of the middle ear and mastoid air cells is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic ear disease. Traditionally, ventilation is assessed by computed tomography. However, this exposes patients to cumulative radiation injury. In cases with a perforation in the tympanic membrane, tympanometry potentially presents a non-invasive alternative to measure the ventilated middle-ear and mastoid air cell volume. This study hypothesised that total tympanometry volume correlates with ventilated middle-ear and mastoid air cell volume. Method Total tympanometry volume was compared with ventilated middle-ear and mastoid air cell volume on computed tomography scans in 20 tympanic membrane perforations. Results There was a high correlation between tympanometry and computed tomography volumes (r = 0.78; p < 0.001). A tympanometry volume more than 2 ml predicted good ventilation on computed tomography. Conclusion These results may help reduce the need for pre-operative computed tomography in uncomplicated cases with tympanic membrane perforations.

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Gender- and age-related differences of statin use on incident dementia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a Nationwide population-based cohort study

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-021-01465-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tsung-Kun Lin ◽

Jing-Yang Huang ◽

Lung-Fa Pan ◽

Gwo-Ping Jong

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Age Related ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

Gender And Age ◽

New Onset

Abstract Background Some observational studies have found a significant association between the use of statin and a reduced risk of dementia. However, the results of these studies are unclear in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study is to determine the association between the use of statins and the incidence of dementia according to sex and age-related differences in patients with RA. Methods We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database (2003–2016). The primary outcome assessed was the risk of dementia by estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multiple Cox regression was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio of new-onset dementia. Subgroup analysis was also conducted. Results Among the 264,036 eligible patients with RA aged > 40 years, statin users were compared with non-statin users by propensity score matching at a ratio of 1:1 (25,764 in each group). However, no association was found between the use of statins and the risk of new-onset dementia (NOD) in patients with RA (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.97–1.06). The subgroup analysis identified the use of statin as having a protective effect against developing NOD in male and older patients. Conclusion No association was observed between the use of a statin and the risk of NOD in patients with RA, including patients of both genders and aged 40–60 years, but these parameters were affected by gender and age. The decreased risk of NOD in patients with RA was greater among older male patients. Use of a statin in older male (> 60 years) patients with RA may be needed in clinical practice to prevent dementia.

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Advanced Micro-Actuator/Robot Fabrication Using Ultrafast Laser Direct Writing and Its Remote Control

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10238563 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 8563

Author(s):

Sangmo Koo

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Processing Technique ◽

Direct Writing ◽

Laser Direct Writing ◽

Precise Control ◽

Two Photon ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Acoustic Control ◽

Fs Laser ◽

Invasive Control

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) based on the femtosecond laser (fs laser) direct writing technique in the realization of high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) shapes is spotlighted as a unique and promising processing technique. It is also interesting that TPP can be applied to various applications in not only optics, chemistry, physics, biomedical engineering, and microfluidics but also micro-robotics systems. Effort has been made to design innovative microscale actuators, and research on how to remotely manipulate actuators is also constantly being conducted. Various manipulation methods have been devised including the magnetic, optical, and acoustic control of microscale actuators, demonstrating the great potential for non-contact and non-invasive control. However, research related to the precise control of microscale actuators is still in the early stages, and in-depth research is needed for the efficient control and diversification of a range of applications. In the future, the combination of the fs laser-based fabrication technique for the precise fabrication of microscale actuators/robots and their manipulation can be established as a next-generation processing method by presenting the possibility of applications to various areas.

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