Scientific Models and Political Theory: The Ideal Theory Debate Revisited

Theoria ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Nefdt
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
The Ideal

Bridging Ideal and Non-Ideal Theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Volacu
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Normative Models ◽  
The Ideal

Many of the recent methodological debates within political theory have focused on the ideal/non-ideal theory distinction. While ideal theorists recognise the need to develop an account of the transition between the two levels of theorising, no general proposal has been advanced thus far. In this article, I aim to bridge this conceptual gap. Towards this end, I first reconstruct the ideal/non-ideal theory distinction within a simplified two-dimensional framework, which captures the primary meanings usually attributed to it. Subsequently, I use this framework to provide an algorithm for the bidirectional transition between ideal and non-ideal theory, based on the incremental derivation of normative models. The approach outlined illuminates the various ways in which principles derived under highly idealised assumptions might be distorted by the circumstances of our current world and illustrates the various paths which we can pursue in moving from our current state of the world to an ideal one.

A PHILOSOPHER OF SCIENCE LOOKS AT IDEALIZATION IN POLITICAL THEORY

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-31
Author(s):  
Jenann Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Nonideal Theory ◽  
The Real ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Ideal Part ◽  
Real World Problems ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract:Rawls ignited a debate in political theory when he introduced a division between the ideal and nonideal parts of a theory of justice. In the ideal part of the theory, one presents a positive conception of justice in a setting that assumes perfect compliance with the rules of justice. In the nonideal part, one addresses the question of what happens under departures from compliance. Critics of Rawls have attacked his focus on ideal theory as a form of utopianism, and have argued that political theory should be focused instead on providing solutions to the manifest injustices of the real world. In this essay, I offer a defense of the ideal/nonideal theory distinction according to which it amounts to nothing more than a division of labor, and explore some scientific analogies. Rawls’s own focus on the ideal part of the theory, I argue, stems from a felt need to clarify the foundations of justice, rather than a utopian neglect of real world problems.

The Republic

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-229
Author(s):  
Dominic Scott
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Individual Justice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter presents a reading of Plato’s Republic. The Republic is among Plato’s most complex works. From its title, the first-time reader will expect a dialogue about political theory, yet the work starts from the perspective of the individual, coming to focus on the question of how, if at all, justice contributes to an agent’s happiness. Only after this question has been fully set out does the work evolve into an investigation of politics—of the ideal state and of the institutions that sustain it, especially those having to do with education. But the interest in individual justice and happiness is never left behind. Rather, the work weaves in and out of the two perspectives, individual and political, right through to its conclusion. All this may leave one wondering about the unity of the work. The chapter shows that, despite the enormous range of topics discussed, the Republic fits together as a coherent whole.

A Hesitant Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set Approach to Study Ideals of Semirings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Debabrata Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Cartesian Product ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Hesitant Fuzzy Set ◽  
Neutrosophic Set ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Interval Valued ◽  
The Ideal

The classical set theory was extended by the theory of fuzzy set and its several generalizations, for example, intuitionistic fuzzy set, interval valued fuzzy set, cubic set, hesitant fuzzy set, soft set, neutrosophic set, etc. In this paper, the author has combined the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy set and hesitant fuzzy set to study the ideal theory of semirings. After the introduction and the priliminary of the paper, in Section 3, the author has defined hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy ideals and studied several properities of it using the basic operations intersection, homomorphism and cartesian product. In Section 4, the author has also defined hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy bi-ideals and hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy quasi-ideals of a semiring and used these to find some characterizations of regular semiring. In that section, the author also has discussed some inter-relations between hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy ideals, hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy bi-ideals and hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy quasi-ideals, and obtained some of their related properties.

The Foundations of the Ideal Theory of Zolotarev

1930 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tchebotarev
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Theory ◽  
The Ideal

scholarly journals JUSTICE, FEASIBILITY, AND IDEAL THEORY: A PLURALIST APPROACH

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mason
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pluralist Approach

Abstract:A qualified pluralism is defended that recognizes value in a variety of forms of political theory and resists arguments that purport to show that one particular approach should occupy a privileged position. Against realists, it is argued that abstract analyses of political values that bracket a wide range of facts about people and their circumstances can be both coherent and important, whereas against those who think “ideal theory” or the identification of ultimate principles should come first, it is argued that the case for always giving priority to either one of these is weak.

Introduction

John Rawls ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Real World ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Ideal Standards ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
The Ideal

What is the relation between political theory and political practice? In what ways can political philosophy help people to address real injustices in the world? John Rawls argues that an important role of political philosophy is to identify the ideal standards of justice at which we should aim in political practice. Other philosophers challenge this approach, arguing that Rawls’s idealizations are not useful as a guide for action or, worse, that they are an impediment to addressing actual injustices in the world. They argue, instead, that political philosophy ought to be focused on theorizing about the elimination of existing injustice. Still others argue that principles of justice should be identified without any constraint concerning the possibility of implementation or regulation in the real world at all....

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 239-247
Author(s):  
Santana Khanikar
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The People ◽  
Observable Behaviour ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Normative Political Theory

If the state in democracies like India engages in violence, then is this state still accepted by the people? The conception of legitimacy in this study is about observable behaviour, about if and why people accept power holders as authority, and not about whether it is the ideal way to engage with violent power holders within the discourses of normative political theory. And what we see in both the field-sites of this study, is acceptance, though it may be slow and appear flickering or contextual at time. The specific vision that the nation-state is, marked by geographical boundaries and internal sovereignty often needs to use violence to legitimize its existence. Such use of violence does not appear to be leading to a dis-illusionment with the form or the institutions of the state.

scholarly journals Bivariate Lagrange interpolation at the Padua points: the ideal theory approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Len Bos ◽  
Stefano De Marchi ◽  
Marco Vianello ◽  
Yuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Lagrange Interpolation ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Padua Points ◽  
The Ideal
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