scholarly journals Acute respiratory infection case definitions for young children: a systematic review of community-based epidemiologic studies in South Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1607-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Roth ◽  
Michelle F. Gaffey ◽  
Evelyn Smith-Romero ◽  
Tiffany Fitzpatrick ◽  
Shaun K. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Children ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Community Based

scholarly journals Polusi Udara Dalam Rumah Terhadap Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut pada Balita di TPA Sukawinatan Palembang

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rahmi Garmini ◽  
Rachmadhi Purwana
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Period Prevalence

Latar belakang: Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada bayi dan anak-anak. ISPA bisa terjadi karena pencemaran kualitas udara di luar maupun di dalam ruangan. Salah satunya gas sulfur dioksida (SO2) yang ada di tempat pembuangan sampah dapat mengganggu sistem pernapasan pada balita. Balita lebih berisiko tertular ISPA karena kekebalan tubuh yang dialami balita belum terbentuk sempurna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi udara dalam rumah dan karakteristik balita terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita di sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah Sukawinatan Kelurahan Sukajaya Palembang.Metode: Jenis penelitian analitik, desain penelitian cross sectional. Variabel terukur adalah kondisi udara dalam rumah, karakteristik balita, dan kejadian ISPA pada balita. Populasi penelitian adalah anak balita berumur 12-59 bulan yang bertempat tinggal di Kelurahan Sukajaya dan sampel berjumlah 94 orang. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square, t-test independent, dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Period Prevalence kejadian ISPA pada balita sebesar 59,6%. Variabel penggunaan obat anti nyamuk, perokok dalam rumah, ventilasi, status gizi dan status imunisasi secara statistik menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita, sedangkan variabel kadar SO2 dalam rumah dan umur balita secara statistik tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita. Hasil analisis multivariat diperoleh bahwa variabel ventilasi rumah merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita.Simpulan: Ventilasi dapat menjadi faktor risiko terhadap terjadinya ISPA, karena ventilasi mempunyai fungsi sebagai sarana sirkulasi udara sehingga dapat mengurangi pencemaran udara dalam rumah. ABSTRACTTitle: Indoor Air Pollution And Acute Respiratory Infection In Child    Under Five Years In Sukawinatan Landfills Palembang.Background: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. ARI can occurs because indoor and outdoor air pollution. One of them is gas sulfur dioxide (SO2) in landfills that it can be irritate the respiratory tract in young children. Young children have higher risk of contracting ARI because the immune of young children not yet fully formed. This research aims to find out Indoor air Pollution and Characteristics of acute respiratory infection in under-fives in Sukawinatan Landfills.Methods: Type of research was analitic, cross-sectional study design. Measurement of indoor air pollution, characteristics of young children, and prevalence of acute respiratory infection. The population of this research was young children aged 12-59 months who lived in Kelurahan Sukajaya and 94 samples. Data were analyzed by chi-square, t-test independent, and logistic regression.Results: Period Prevalence of acute respiratory infection in young children about 59,6%. Using mosquito repellent, smokers in the house, ventilation, nutrition and immunization status were significant correlation to acute respiratory infection in young children. While SO2 levels in the home and age of young children were insignificant correlation to acute respiratory infection in young children. Multivariate analysis showed that the variables of ventilation with SO2 levels were the most dominant variable related to acute respiratory infection in young children.Conclusion: One of risk factor of acute respiratory infection is ventilation, because its function as air circulation to reduce indoor air pollution.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis Epidemiology in East Asia, South East Asia and South Asia: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharareh Eskandarieh ◽  
Pouria Heydarpour ◽  
Alireza Minagar ◽  
Shadi Pourmand ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahraian
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
South East Asia

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic immune-mediated diseases of the human central nervous system and an important cause of non-traumatic neurologic disability among young population in several countries. Recent reports from East Asia, South East Asia and South Asia have proposed a low to moderate prevalence of MS in these countries. Methods: A literature review search was carried out in December 2014 in Medline, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane library to recover original population-based studies on MS epidemiology in East Asia, South East Asia and South Asia countries published between January 1, 1950 and December 30, 2014. We intended search strategies using the key words: multiple sclerosis, prevalence, incidence and epidemiology. Based on our inclusion criteria, 68 epidemiologic studies were included in this systematic review. Results: The most extensively used diagnostic criteria in the studies were McDonald's criteria. Most studies were performed in a multi-center hospital setting. The female to male ratio varied and ranged from 0.7 in India to 9.0 in China. The mean age at disease onset ranged from the lowest age of 25.3 in Iran to the highest age of 46.4 in China. MS prevalence ranged from 0.77 in 100,000 populations in Hong Kong (1999) to 85.80 in 100,000 in Iran (2013). Conclusions: Advances in MS registries around the globe allow nationwide population-based studies and will allow worldly comparisons between the prevalence and incidence in different regions that are provided to monitor estimation.

scholarly journals Revision of clinical case definitions: influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Fitzner ◽  
Saba Qasmieh ◽  
Anthony Wayne Mounts ◽  
Burmaa Alexander ◽  
Terry Besselaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection

scholarly journals Sars-Cov2 Not Detected in a Pediatric Population With Acute Respiratory Infection in Primary Care in Central and Southern Italy From November 2019 to Early March 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Rizzo ◽  
Daniela Loconsole ◽  
Elisabetta Pandolfi ◽  
Marta Luisa Ciofi Degli Atti ◽  
Jojanneke van Summeren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Lazio Region ◽  
Primary Care Pediatricians

Background: In December 2019, a novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 started circulating in China and this led to a major epidemic in Northern Italy between February and May 2020. Young children (aged <5 years) seem to be less affected by this coronavirus disease (COVID-19) compared to adults, although there is very little information on the circulation of this new virus among children in Italy. We retrospectively tested nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 in samples collected in young children between November, 2019 and March, 2020 in the context of the RSV ComNet study.Methods: Two networks of primary care pediatricians in Lazio (Central Italy) and Puglia (Southern Italy) collected nasopharyngeal swabs from children, aged <5 years, presenting with symptoms for an acute respiratory infection (ARI). The RSV ComNet study is a multicenter study implemented to estimate the burden of RSV in young children (aged <5 years) in the community. Swabs were sent to a central reference laboratory and tested for 14 respiratory viruses through RT-PCR. All collected samples were retrospectively tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR (Istituto Superiore di Sanità protocol).Results: A total of 293 children with ARI were identified in the two participating networks. The highest number of cases were recruited in weeks 51/2019 and 3/2020. The majority of patients (57%) came from the Lazio region. All of the 293 samples tested negative for SARS-Cov2. Rhinovirus was the most frequently detected virus (44%), followed by RSV (41%) and influenza viruses (14%).Conclusions: Our study shows that in Lazio (a region of intermediate SARS-COV-2 incidence) and Puglia (a region of low incidence), the SARS-Cov2 virus did not circulate in a sample of ARI pediatric cases consulting primary care pediatricians between November 2019 and March 2020.

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