A Field Evaluation Of Particulate Emission Concentrations In Palm Oil Mill Boilers

1998 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rashid ◽  
M. Ramli ◽  
M. Rozainee
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Water Tube ◽  
Control Equipment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Particulate Control ◽  
Sampling Procedures

A field evaluation on particulate emission concentrations from two different types of palm oil mill boilers (i.e water-tube, WT, and fire-tube, FT type boilers) was performed using a standard stack sampling procedures. A total of 12 WT and 12 FT boilers were studied. Six of the 12 WT boilers were equipped with multi-cyclones as a means of controlling particulate emissions from the boilers, whilst all 12 FT boilers were without any form of air particulate control equipment. Results showed that the mean particulate emission concentrations from water-tube type boilers with and without particulate control equipment installed was 1.11 ± 0.58 g/Nm3 and 1.93 ± 1.40 g/Nm3 respectively. There was no significant difference in the particulate emissions between WT boilers with or without particulate control installed. It was found that only one out of the six WT boilers with particulate control was able to meet the emission standards limit of 0.40 g/Nm3 while others were still violating the standard. Meanwhile, the mean particulate emission from all 12 FT type boilers (all were without control) was 0.5 1 ± 0.27 g/Nm3, which was found to be significantly lower (p 0.01) compared to the WT boiler emissions of without particulate control.Apparently, the characteristic of particulate size distributions generated by the two types of boilers could be an important factor affecting the findings and it is discussed further in this paper. Keywords :air pollution, particulate, palm oil mill, boilers.

EMISSION FACTOR ESTABLISHMENT FOR PALM OIL MILL BOILER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (8-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur H. Hanafi ◽  
Mimi H. Hassim ◽  
Mohd R. M. Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Total Dust ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

A study to establish the total particulate emission factor (EFs) from boiler of a palm oil mill plant equipped with a multi-cyclones particulate arrestor was performed and reported in this research. The mill employs a 500 kg steam/ h capacity of water-tube typed boiler and processes 60 tonnes per hour of fresh fruit bunch (FFB). The samples of the dust were collected iso-kinetically using the USEPA method 17 sampling train through a sampling port located after a multidust cyclone unit. Results showed that the total dust generated from the boiler is 62.15 g/s and the calculated total dust emission factor based on the boiler capacity is 7.46 g/kg. Poor combustion process is among the main factor that leads to the high particulate emission. EFs data allows for early prediction of pollutants emission, which subsequently will assist in determining the degree of control and the air pollution control system needed, besides evaluating the effectiveness of the existing pollution control strategies. The establishment of EFs for palm oil mills will definitely bring benefits for a better management of health and safety risks in palm oil mills, now and in the future

Performance of MR-deDuster: A Case Study of a Palm Oil Mill Plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Norelyza ◽  
M. Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Particulate Size ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Semi Empirical

Multi-cyclones is commonly usedin the palm oil mill industry as particulate pollution arrestor. However, its ability in capturing particulate matter (PM) especially the fine particulate size fraction is limited. Thus, study has been carried out to investigate and predict the performance of MR-deDuster, a multi-cyclones unit developed as particulate emission control device in palm oil mill plant. The MR-deDuster is intentionally developed to overcome particulate emission issue facing by industries that generate particulate especially the palm oil mill industry. A number of semi-empirical theories were used to predict the performance of MR-deDuster. Based on the prediction, the MR-deDuster manages to capture particulate size 3.8µm at 50% particulate collection efficiency. The MR-deDuster also manages to achieve more than 90% for total particulate collection efficiency with low pressure drop.

Particulate Emission from Biomass Fuel Combustion

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 322-326
Author(s):  
J. Nor Ruwaida ◽  
M. Rashid ◽  
M.M. Syahirah
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Fuel Feed ◽  
The World ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Palm Fibre

The remarkable growth of palm oil industry in Malaysia is undeniable. Approximately, one million ton of crude palm oil is produced by the industry in a month, thus put Malaysia as one of the largest producer in the world. Most of the mills are operated on cogeneration system, where the biomass residue of palm fibre and shell are used as fuel in the mill boilers mostly to generate steam and also electricity. This practise however produced considerable amount of particulates in terms of fly ash emitting to the environment. Thus, this study is to evaluate the particulate emission from five palm oil mill boilers with steam capacity ranging from 17-35 tonne/h. The results showed that the average particulate emission concentration exiting the stack was 2.21±1.20 g/Nm3 (corrected to 7% oxygen concentration), ranging from 0.42 to 3.77 g/Nm3. The study suggests that the fuel feed rates of fiber and shell was one of the parameters affecting the emission concentration in the boiler. Particulate morphology were also being presented in this study.

scholarly journals Estimation of Particulate Emission Generation in Palm Oil Mill Boiler

2020 ◽  
Vol 808 ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
N R Jamian ◽  
M Rashid ◽  
S M M Muzi ◽  
N Hussein ◽  
D Munisamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

TOTAL PARTICULATE MATTER, PM10, PM2.5 EMISSIONS FROM PALM OIL MILL BOILER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-11) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Syahirah ◽  
M. Rashid ◽  
J. Nor Ruwaida
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Particulate Size ◽  
Particulate Mass ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Utilization of fiber and shell as boiler fuel in palm oil mill industry generates particulate emission that need to be controlled before emitting to the environment. This study investigates the particulate mass size distribution of particulate matter sampled from palm oil mills having different boiler capacities. The particulate emission was performed at the stack following US EPA Method 17 and while the particulate size distribution was determined using particle size analyzer. Results showed that the total particulate mass concentration varied between 0.42 and 3.77 g/Nm3 (corrected at 7% O2). The emitted particulate was mainly found in the coarse particles, with 50% cumulative size distribution ranged from 21 to 38 µm. The particulate mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 of the total particulate emission was varied from 0.03 to 0.30 g/Nm3 and 0.37 to 0.73 g/Nm3, respectively. This contributes 0.8 to 71% and 13 to 95% of the total particulate mass concentration, respectively.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat Abu Cangkang dan Serat Kelapa Sawit dari Boiler untuk Pembuatan Bata Beton Ringan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Haspiadi Haspiadi ◽  
Kurniawaty Kurniawaty
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Absorption Capacity ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Oil Fuel

Research of  the utilization solid waste of palm oil fuel ash from boiler as row materials  for manufacturing light concrete brick has been conducted. The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential use solid waste of palm oil fuel ash from palm oil mill boilers as row materials for manufacturing light concrete brick has recently attracted for an alternative environmentally sustainable application. In this study, light concrete brick made with various proportions of palm oil fuel ash from palm oil mill boilers and sand were fabricated and studied under laboratory scales. Percentage of palm oil fuel ash of 0% as a control,  10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, replacement  sand, wheras others materials such as Portland cement, lime, gypsum, foaming agent and aluminium with the numbers constant. The quality of light concreate brick   were applied followed by the compressive strength test, density and water absorption capacity. The study discovered that the compressive strength for all composition meet the recommended value to light structural of 6.89 MPa as prescribed in SNI 03-3449-2002. In the same manner density of light concrete brick for all proportion under the maximum density recommended value of 1400 Kg/m3 according to SNI 03-3449-2002. While water absorption capacity of increased by the increasing use of ashes. Therefore, palm oil fuel ash from boiler can be used as raw material for the light concrete brick which is  environmental friendly because using solid waste and also an alternative handling solid waste.ABSTRAKPenelitian pemanfaatan limbah padat abu cangkang dan serat kelapa sawit dari boiler sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bata beton ringan telah dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan limbah padat abu boiler berbahan bakar cangkang dan serat sebagai bahan pembuatan bata beton ringan sebagai salah satu alternatif pengelolaan lingkungan yang bekelanjutan. Dalam penelitian ini, bata beton ringan dibuat dengan berbagai komposisi abu boiler dan pasir yang diproduksi dalam  skala laboratorium. Persentase dari abu berturut-turut 0% sebagai kontrol, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% dan 60% mensubtitusi pasir, sedangkan bahan lain yaitu semen, kapur, gypsum,  foaming  agent serta aluminium pasta dengan jumlah tetap. Mutu bata beton ringan yang diujikan adalah kuat tekan, bobot jenis dan daya serap air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kuat tekan untuk semua komposisi memenuhi batas minimum yang dipersyaratkan untuk stuktural ringan yaitu 6,89 MPa sesuai SNI 03-3449-2002. Demikian pula bobot jenis dari bata ringan yang dihasilkan masih dibawah dari batas maksimum yang direkomendasikan SNI 03-3449-2002 yaitu maksimal 1400 Kg/m3. Sedangkan daya serap air mengalami kenaikan dengan naiknya jumlah abu yang digunakan . Limbah padat abu boiler berbahan bakar cangkang dan serat sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bata beton ringan yang ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan limbah dan menjadi salah satu alternatif pengelolaan limbah. Kata kunci :  Abu cangkang kelapa sawit,  bata beton ringan, bobot jenis,  daya serap air,  limbah,  kuat tekan

Teknologi Esktrasi dan Cara Pemisahannya untuk Mendapatkan Kembali Karotenoid dari Minyak Sawit : Suatu Tinjauan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Agus Sudibyo ◽  
Sardjono Sardjono
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Molecular Product ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Selection Of

Crude palm oil (CPO)is the richest natural plant source of carotenoids in terms of retinol (pro-vitamin A) equivalent, whereas palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generated from palm oil industry that contains oil and carotenes that used to be treated before discharge. Carotenoids are importance in animals and humans for the purpose of the enhancement of immune response, conversion of vitamin A and scavenging of oxygen radicals. This component has different nutritional  functions and benefits to humaan health. The growing interest in the other natural sources of beta-carotene and growing awareness to prevent pollution has stimulated the industrial use of CPO and POME as a raw material for carotenoids extraction. Various technologies of extraction and separation have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids.This article reports on various technologies that have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids from being destroyed in commercial refining of palm oil and effects of some various treatments on the extraction end separation for carotenoid from palm oil and carotenoids concentration. Principally, there are different technologies, and there is one some future which is the use of solvent. Solvent plays important role  in the most technologiest, however the problem of solvents which are used is that they posses potentiaal fire health and environmental hazards. Hence selection of the  most safe, environmentally friendly and cost effective solvent is important to design of alternative extraction methods.Chemical molecular product design is one of the methods that are becoming more popular nowadays for finding solvent with the desired properties prior to experimental testing.ABSTRAKMinyak sawit kasar merupakan sumber karotenoid terkaya yang berasal dari tanaman sawit sebagai senyawa yang sama dengan retinol atau pro-vitamin A; sedangkan limbah pengolahan minyak sawit dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan minyak sawit yang berisi minyak dan karotene yang perlu diberi perlakuan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang. Karotenoid merupakan bahan penting yang diperlukan pada hewan dan manusia guna memperkuat tanggapan terhadap kekebalan, konversi ke vitamin A dan penangkapan gugus oksigen radikal. Dengan berkembangnya ketertarikan dalam mencari beta-karotene yang bersumber dari alam lain dan meningkatnya kesadaran untuk mencegah adanya pencemaran lingkungan, maka mendorong suatu industri untuk menggunakan CPO dan POME sebagai bahan baku untuk diekstrak karotenoidnya. Berbagai macam teknologi guna mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid telah dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan kembali karotenoidnya. Makalah ini melaporkan dan membahas berbagai jenis teknologi yang telah dikembangkan guna mendapatkan kembali senyawa karotenoid dari kerusakan di dalam proses pemurnian minyak sawit secara komersial dan pengaruh beberapa perlakuan terhadap ekstrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid dari minyak sawit dan konsentrasi karotenoidnya. Pada prinsipnya, berbagai teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid terdapat perbedaan, dan terdapat salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk esktrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid adalah menggunakan bahan pelarut. Pelarut yang digunakan mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam teknologi ekstrasi; namun pelarut yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak tersebut mempunyai persoalan karena berpotensi mengganggu kesehatan dan membahayakan cemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan jenis teknologi yang aman, ramah terhadap lingkungan dan biaya yang efektif untuk penggunaan pelarut merupakan hal penting sebelum dilakukan desain metode/teknologi alternatif untuk esktrasi karotenoid. Pola produk molekuler kimia merupakan salah satu metode yang saat ini menjadi lebih populer untuk mencari pelarut dengan sifat-sifat yang dikehendaki sebelum diujicobakan. Kata kunci :    karotenoid, ekstrasi, pemisahan, teknologi, minyak sawit kasar, limbah industri pengolahan sawit.

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