Efficiency Increase in the Extraction of Sugar Cane Juice in the Sugar Cane Mills by Means of the Regulation of Hydraulic Pressures

In this paper, the distribution of pressure on the bagasse layer in the sugar cane mills and an automatic regulation proposal to increase the efficiency in the extraction of sugar cane juice is approached. An analysis that considers the top shaft-roller as a beam on elastic foundation is carried out. It is possible to determine the pressure distribution on the bagasse layer and the mill bearing reactions. The behavior of the bagasse layer reaction is analyzed for different hydraulic pressures in each side of the mill; being demonstrated, an optimal relationship of pressures to achieve a uniform compression on the bagasse layer. The optimal hydraulic pressure rate is calculated with the help of the outlined method. Finally, once this pressure relation is known, a control strategy is developed for each hydraulic cylinder.

Computational Analysis of Flow Inside a Diffuser of Three-Dimensional Supersonic Non-Steady Ejectors

The work to be presented herein is a Computational Fluid Dynamics investigation of the complex fluid mechanisms that occur inside a non-steady, three-dimensional, supersonic pressure exchange ejector, specifically with regard to the pressure exchange mechanisms and the induction processes between a “driving” primary fluid and a “driven” secondary fluid and how this is affected by the diffuser surface. The results will show that this ejector is capable of producing the desire affect of the flow induction in a three-dimensional supersonic, non-steady, viscous flow. Results of contour plots of total pressure and static pressure demonstrate that the flow inside the diffuser is a critical element in flow induction mechanism, especially when a pressure recovery is needed. Results of velocity vectors will show the structure of flow induction mechanism in a complex three-dimensional conical surface.

Multi-Variable, High Order, Performance Models (2005C)

In the course of developing advanced data processing and advanced performance models, as presented in companion papers, a number of basic scientific and mathematical questions arose. This paper deals with questions such as uniqueness, convergence, statistical accuracy, training, and evaluation methodologies. The process of bringing together large data sets and utilizing them, with outside data supplementation, is considered in detail. After these questions are focused carefully, emphasis is placed on how the new models, based on highly refined data processing, can best be used in the design world. The impact of this work on designs of the future is discussed. It is expected that this methodology will assist designers to move beyond contemporary design practices.

Non-Invasive Method for Velocity and Slug Length Measurements in Gas/Liquid Flow in Horizontal Pipes

A method was developed for the measurement of slug frequency, slug velocity and slug length of two-phase gas/liquid flow under slug conditions in 2-inch horizontal pipe. The method consists of two pairs of ultrasonic transducers with 1MHz frequency. Non-invasive detection for slugs was achieved over a range of (0.1–1 ms−1) superficial liquid velocity and (0.1–3 ms−1) superficial gas velocity. The slug translational velocity was measured using a cross correlation technique for the modulated ultrasonic signals received. The slug length was measured after measuring the slug time t(slug) and slug translational velocity. The slug parameters measured were extensively compared with conductivity probes measurements and experimental correlations.

Air-Car

The name of my proposing project is “air-car”. Now a day’s traffic jam is common problem of the mega city, especially in third world countries. so, if we design the traffic system such that the light vehicles like car will flies over certain height from the ground level about 100-200 ft and the heavy vehicle like bus, truck, lorry, etc. will run on the road simultaneously then the traffic jam will be minimize with a large scale. Let us introduce with the concept “air-car”. Air car is the vehicle which can run in both way of air and road. That means that it can fly over a certain height from the ground and also run in the road as usual. We know that for the car design is such the lift force is minimized than the drag force. I want to design for the car such that, when the car has to fly lift force will be increase as much as it can fly for the required height. The body of the car also be a stream line body and the flap, aileron, rudder also be added. But this should be hidden at the time of running in the road.

Statistical Particle Tracking Velocimetry Using Molecular and Quantum Dot Tracer Particles

We present the theory and experimental validation of a particle tracking velocimetry algorithm developed for application with nanometer-sized tracer particles such as fluorescent molecules and quantum dots (QDs). Traditional algorithms are challenged by extremely small tracers due to difficulties in determining the particle center, shot noise, high drop-in/drop-out and, in the case of quantum dots, fluorescence intermittency (blinking). The algorithms presented here determine real velocity distributions from measured particle displacement distributions by statistically removing randomly distributed tracking events. The theory was verified through tracking experiments using 54 nm flourescent dextran molecules and 6 nm QDs.

A Large-Scale Numerical Simulation on Bubbly and Liquid Film Flows in Narrow Fuel Channels

In order to predict the water-vapor two-phase flow structure in a fuel bundle of an advanced light-water reactor, large-scale numerical simulations were carried out using a newly developed two-phase flow analysis method and a highly parallel-vector supercomputer. Conventional analysis methods such as subchannel codes need composition equations based on many experimental data. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain highly prediction accuracy on the thermal design of the advanced light-water reactor core if the experimental data are insufficient. Then, a new analysis method using the large-scale direct numerical simulation of water-vapor two-phase flow was proposed. The coalescence and fragmentation of small bubbles were investigated numerically and the bubbly flow dynamics in narrow fuel channels were clarified. Moreover, the liquid film flow inside a tight-lattice fuel bundle which is used to the advanced light-water reactor core was analyzed and the water and vapor distributions around fuel rods and a spacer were estimated quantitatively.

Static Recrystallization Modeling With a Cellular Automata Algorithm

This paper reports on one part of a research project supported by NSF, which aims at developing a multi-scale methodology for systematic microstructure prediction in thermo-mechanical processing of metals. Based on combining mesoscopic microstructure models with macroscopic process formulations, the methodology is expected to provide universally applicable and accurate microstructure prediction capabilities. Cellular Automata (CA) models have been widely used in scientific studies of various microstructural phenomena. This paper discusses the modeling of the static recrystallization phenomenon by employing a regular CA algorithm. The recrystallization processes of single-phase systems under different nucleation conditions are simulated followed by the recrystallization kinetics analysis for 200 × 200 two-dimensional lattice. The performed simulations of static recrystallization confirm that the recrystallized volume fractions are time dependent. Furthermore, the simulated microstructures validate the following Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) model according to which the recrystallized volume fraction is a sigmoidal function of time, and their evolution matches the JMAK equation with the expected exponents.

Fluid Flow Characteristics of a Confined Slot Jet Without or With a Target Surface

A series of experimental investigations with a stringent measurement method on the fluid flow characteristics of slot jet without or with a target surface have been successfully conducted. From all the fluid velocity data measured in the present study, the experimental conditions have been verified to be spanwise-symmetrically maintained and the results have been achieved in a spanwise-symmetric form. Three types of jet configuration without or with target surface are investigated: (A) Confined Slot Jet without Target Surfaces – the fluid flow parameters studied in the present investigation is the jet Reynolds number (ReD). Its ranges are ReD=506-1517. (B) Confined Slot Jet with Smooth Surfaces – the fluid flow parameters studied in the present investigation include the ratio of jet separation distance (H) to nozzle width (W) and the jet Reynolds number (ReD). The ranges of the relevant parameters are H/W=2–10 and ReD=504–1526. (C) Confined Slot Jet with Extended Surfaces – the fluid flow parameters studied include the ratio of jet separation distance (H) to nozzle width (W), the Reynolds number (ReD) and the ratio of extended surface height (Hes) to nozzle width (W). Their ranges are H/W=3–10, Hes/W=0.74-3.40 and ReD=501–1547. The flow characteristics such as the local mean streamwise velocity distribution, mean streamwise velocity decay along jet centerline, local jet turbulence intensity distribution, and turbulence intensities along jet centerline have been presented and discussed in the study.

Multistage Isoelectric Focusing: A Novel On-Chip Bio-Separation Technique

This experimental study reports a method to increase the resolving power of isoelectric focusing (IEF) on a polymeric microfluidic chip. Microfluidic chip is formed on poly-di-methyl siloxane (PDMS) using soft lithography and multilayer bonding technique. In this novel bioseparation technique, IEF is staged by first focusing protein species in a straight channel using broad-range ampholytes and then refocusing segments of that first channel into secondary channels that branch out from the first one. Experiments demonstrated that three fluorescent protein species within a segment of pH gradient in the first stage were refocused in the second stage with much higher resolution in a shallower pH gradient. A serially performed two-stage IEF was completed in less than 25 minutes under particularly small electric field strength up to 100 V/cm.