Treatment of Industrial Textile Wastewater Using Polyarcrylamide (PAM) and Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC)

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Noor Yahida Yahya ◽  
Nabilah Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

Dalam kajian ini, poliacrylamid (PAM) dan polialuminium klorida (PAC) telah digunakan sebagai bahan pengental untuk merawat air sisa industri tekstil. Eksperimen ini telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan ujian balang. Kesan dos, kelajuan percampuran dan masa pemendapan ke atas keberkesanan proses flokulasi telah dikaji. Air sisa yang terawat dianalisis untuk penyingkiran warna, pengurangan COD dan pengurangan kekeruhan. Keputusan yang diperolehi menunjukkan bahawa PAM adalah lebih baik daripada PAC dalam merawat air sisa tekstil. PAM mencatatkan penurunan parameter tertinggi, iaitu 6 NTU untuk kekeruhan, 744 mg / l untuk COD, dan scala kurang daripada 0.5 untuk warna. Prestasi tebaik PAM dicapai pada dos 0.07 g dan apabila proses flokulasi dijalankan pada 200 rpm kelajuan percampuran dan 30 min masa pemendapan. Kajian ini juga mendapati bahawa parameter operasi yang dikaji (iaitu dos, kelajuan percampuran dan masa pemendapan) tidak banyak mempengaruhi ke atas penyingkiran warna, dan penurunan kekeruhan dan COD apabila PAC digunakan sebagai bahan pengental. Kata kunci: Pengelompokan; poliacrylamid (PAM); polialuminium klorida (PAC); air sisa tekstil In this study, polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was used as a flocculant to treat industrial textile wastewater. The experiment was conducted using a Jar test experiment. The effect of dosage, mixing speed and settling time on the performance of the fflocculation process was investigated. The treated textile wastewater was analyzed by its color removal, turbidity and COD reductions. The results obtained showed that PAM performed better in treating the textile wastewater compared to PAC.PAM recorded the highest reduction of parameters, which are 6 NTU for turbidity, 744 mg/l for COD, and scale less than 0.5 for colour. The best performance of PAM was achieved at dosage 0.07 g and when the flocculation process was conducted at 200 rpm of mixing speed and 30 min of settling time. It was also found that the investigated operating parameters (i.e. dosage, mixing speed and settling time) did not influence much on removal of color and reduction of turbidity and COD when PAC was used as flocculant. Keywords: Flocculation; polyacrylamide (PAM); polyaluminum chloride (PAC); textile wastewater

Treatment of Textile Wastewater using Biodegradable Flocculants of Chitosan and Extracted Pandan Leaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Nor Aida Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Flocculation Process

The study investigated the performance of chitosan and extracted pandan leaves towards treatment of textile wastewater by using flocculation process. Pandan leaves were extracted by using solvent extraction method. Flocculation process was conducted using a Jar test experiment. The effect of dosage, pH, and settling time on reduction of COD, turbidity and color of textile wastewater was studied. The results obtained found that chitosan was very effective for reduction of COD, turbidity, color and indicator for color. The best condition for COD and turbidity removal was achieved at 0.2 g dosage, pH 4 and 60 minutes of settling time. Under this condition, about 58 and 99% of COD and turbidity was removed, respectively. However, the results obtained using extracted pandan was opposite compared to the chitosan. Extracted pandan was not able to remove both COD and turbidity of the waste. 

scholarly journals Textile Wastewater Treatment using Hybrid Chitosan-polyarcylamide Flocculant

2012 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Nurhayati Izad Abdul Aziz ◽  
Siti Fatimah Mohamed Razak
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Better Than

In this study, a ntural polymer, chitosan was modified with polyacrylamide (PAM) to prepare an efficient flocculant using redox grafting method. The effectiveness of the modified chitosan (chitosan grafted polyacrylamide) was tested on treatment of industrial textile wastewater. The effect of dosage, pH and settling time on the performance of flocculation process was also investigated. The treated textile wastewater was analyzed by its color removal, COD and turbidity reductions. The results obtained showed that the modified chitosan performed better than unmodified chitosan in the reduction of COD and turbidity of textile wastewater. Dalam kajian ini, polimer semulajadi, kitosan telah di modifikasikan dengan poliacrylamid (PAM) untuk menghasilkan flokulan yang efektif dengan menggunakan kaedah tergabung redox. Keberkesanan kitosan termodifikasi (kitosan tergabung polyacrylamid) telah di uji ke atas rawatan air sisa industri tekstil. Kesan dos, pH dan masa pemendapan ke atas keberkesanan proses flokulasi juga telah di kaji. Air sisa yang terawat di analisa untuk penyingkiran warna, pengurangan COD dan pengurangan kekeruhan. Keputusan yang diperolehi menunjukkan bahawa kitosan termodifikasi adalah lebih baik daripada kitosan tidak termodifikasi dalam pengurangan COD dan pengurangan kekeruhan sisa air tekstil.

scholarly journals Effect of Praestol as a Coagulant-Aid to Improve Coagulation-Flocculation in Dye containing Wastewaters

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Flocculation Time

<div> <p>This study was conducted to investigate the effect of praestol, as a coagulant-aid, to improve coagulation-flocculation process in the removal of disperse red 60 from aqueous solutions. The effect of various parameters including coagulants dose (10-1000 mg l<sup>-1</sup>), praestol dose (0-1000 mg l<sup>-1</sup>), solution pH (3-11), initial dye concentration (100-500 mg l<sup>-1</sup>), flocculation speed (30-60 rpm), flocculation time (15-30 min), settling time (5-60 min) and ionic strength (0-6 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) was evaluated on the dye removal. The dye removal efficiency was substantially increased by using praestol in the concentration of 80 mg l<sup>-1 </sup>and 400 mg l<sup>-1 </sup>for coagulation with alum and polyaluminum chloride (PACl), respectively. The maximum dye removal by alum coupled with praestol (Al-P) and PACl coupled with praestol (PA-P) was found to be 97.8% and 98.7%, respectively that were occurred at pH 7. The results showed that the application of PA-P or Al-P can be effectively used to remove disperse red 60 (DR 60) in aqueous solutions.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Optimization of COD and Color Removal for Matang’s Landfill Leachate Treatment by Using Polyaluminum Chloride

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 478-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri ◽  
Mohd Suffian Yusoff ◽  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohd Anuar Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Time ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Variation Explained ◽  
Flocculation Process

In this research, a physico-chemical treatment method of coagulation-flocculation process is implemented in treating partially stabilized leachate from Matang Landfill, Perak, Malaysia. Central composite design has been used to optimize the independent variables namely polyaluminum chloride (PAC) coagulant dosage (A), rapid mixing speed (B) and rapid mixing time (C). The experimental results were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed that the percentage of color and COD removal was found increased by increasing rapid mixing speed with optimum removal of 95 % and 56 % respectively. Besides, the R-squared values implied that 86.22 % and 97.34% of the total variation explained by the model equation. Furthermore, the model analysis revealed that rapid mixing speed were significant for removal of color and COD through single parameter (B) and interaction between parameter (AB) respectively. This finding proves the influence of mixing parameter in coagulation-flocculation process for leachate treatment.

Efficiency of the Coagulation-Flocculation Method for the Treatment of Dye Mixtures Containing Disperse and Reactive Dye

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Wen Wong ◽  
Tjoon Tow Teng ◽  
Nik Abdul Rahman Nik Norulaini
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Cod Reduction ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Ph Range

Abstract The coagulation-flocculation method was used to treat aqueous solutions containing varying ratios of commercial disperse and reactive dyes. The effectiveness of this method was assessed using such coagulants as alum, polyaluminium chloride (PACl) and MgCl2, and an anionic coagulant aid. The jar test method was used to measure the effects of pH and coagulant type and dosage on colour removal and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction. The effect of coagulant aid on floc settling time was also measured. The results showed that the coagulant dosage needed to achieve optimum colour removal and COD reduction increased as the percentage of reactive dye in the mixture increased. Alum and PACl performed effectively in a lower pH range (pH 3.8 to 5.2), whereas MgCl2 performed effectively in a higher pH range (pH 10.4 to 10.9). PACl was more effective than MgCl2 and alum, achieving &gt;99% colour removal and 96.3% COD reduction using a smaller quantity of the coagulant. The addition of coagulant aid improved floc settling time. These results show that PACl is more effective than MgCl2 and alum in removing both colour and COD in the treatment of the industrial textile wastewater samples.

scholarly journals A Study on the Relative Performance of Different Coagulants and the Kinetics of COD in the Treatment of a Textile Bleaching and Dyeing Industrial Wastewater

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1 & 2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilheliza A. Baraoidan ◽  
Lin Lin Tun ◽  
Pag-asa D. Gaspillo ◽  
Masaaki . Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Kinetics Of

Untreated wastewater from textile industries when discharged to nearby waterways would cause considerable health concerns to humans and animal life and to the host environment. They contain various chemicals such as dyes, detergents and surfactants, some of which are recalcitrant to biodegradation. Such wastewater can be better remediated by chemical treatment. The treatment of a textile bleaching and dyeing industrial wastewater was done by Coagulation and Flocculation Method using a jar test apparatus. Alum, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and ferrous sulfate were used in separate runs as coagulants, while excelfloc 264 (a polyacrylamide copolymer) was used as flocculant. Preliminary tests were first conducted to determine the appropriate coagulation and flocculation agitation rates and settling time. The initial pH of the sample effluent was varied from 5 to 8 for alum coagulation, 5 to 8.5 for PAC coagulation and 9 to 11 for ferrous sulfate coagulation. The dosages of each coagulant and the excelfloc were varied from 200 to 1000 ppm, and 0.5 to 2.5 ppm, respectively. Experimental results showed that the optimum initial pH of the wastewater using alum, PAC, and ferrous sulfate were 7, 7.5, and 10, respectively. The optimum dosages of the coagulants were found to be 600ppm for alum and 800ppm for both PAC, and ferrous sulfate. The optimum flocculant dosages were 1.5ppm with alum, 1 ppm with PAC and 2ppm with ferrous sulfate. The highest percentage removal of COD, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), chromium, and color were found to be 58.55%, 65%, 36.51%, 76.45%, and 78.96%, respectively, using alum: 65.4%, 67.5%, 35.84%, 44.92%, and 75.49%, respectively using PAC; and, 55.72%, 34.16%, 33.95%, 19.88%, and 48.56%, respectively, using ferrous sulfate. Among the three coagulants tried, coagulation with PAC gave the highest percentage of COD removal of 65.64% and TSS removal of 67.5% while alum gave the highest removal of both chromium and color at 76.45% and 94.49%, respectively. Rapid and slow agitation rates used were 240rpm for 1 minute and 40rpm for 20 minutes, respectively; while settling time was 30 minutes. Kinetics of the COD removal was studied at the optimum conditions. Kinetic model, determined by curve fitting with the coagulation/flocculation reaction, was observed to follow a first-order rate of reaction.

scholarly journals Effects of using Tamarindus indica Seeds as a natural coagulant aid in landfill leachate treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Uncontrolled Landfill ◽  
Flocculation Process

Uncontrolled landfill leachate generation portends danger to the environment and aquatic ecosystem, especially without prior treatment before discharge. The application of Al-based coagulants, such as polyaluminum chloride (PACl), has the potential of introducing Al residuals into water bodies. Therefore, an alternative natural coagulant was recommended to reduce the usage of Al-based coagulants. In this study, a coagulation–flocculation process using the combination of PACl as coagulant and Tamarindus indica seed (TiS) as coagulant aid was used in treating the landfill leachate from the Alor Pongsu Landfill Site in Malaysia. Some of the optimum operational conditions determined were the pH and dosage of the coagulant aid, and their effect was considered on parameters, such as suspended solids (SS), color, and COD, using standard jar test procedures. The combination of TiS flocculant reduced the dosage of PACl coagulant from 5,000 mg/L to 2,750 mg/L with removal efficiencies of 99.3%, 97.3%, and 67.4% for SS, color, and COD, respectively.

scholarly journals Removal of Dyes by Aqueous Mixed Coagulants

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Peik Yin Ooi ◽  
Tjoon Tow Teng ◽  
A. K. Mohd Omar ◽  
N. A. R. Nik Norulaini
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Coloring Matter

Alum, MgCl2, and mixtures of alum and MgCl2 have been used as coagulant to remove coloring matter in the reactive dye Levafix Brill Blue EBRA. The jar test was used to determine the effectiveness and the optimal condition of the coagulation process in terms of pH of the coagulation process, coagulant dosage, percentage color removal, and floc settling time. Coagulant dosages of 1,000-5,000 ppm were studied. The treatment of textile industry wastewater was done in the treatment plant of a printing mill. The results showed that coagulation by MgCl2 and alum occurs at the removal pH ranges of 10.5-11.0 for MgCl2 and 4.0-6.0 for alum. The mixtures of MgCl2 and alum gave two distinct effective color-removal zones at pH 4-5.5 and pH 8-9.5. The addition of alum to MgCl2 shifted the optimal pH of MgCl2 from 10.5-11. 0 to 8. 0-9.5. The alum dose of 1,000-3,000 ppm in the coagulant mixture increased by 10-25 % the color removal in the alkaline zone. Floc settling time was found to (a) increase with coagulant dose and (b) take longer in the acidic color-removal zone than in the alkaline zone. The presence of alum increased the floc settling time in the alkaline zone. The study done at the treatment plant of a printing mill showed similar results. A mixture of 60% MgClz and 40% alum at an average dosage of 2,800 ppm gave a color removal of 97% and reductions of 88% for COD and 69% for suspended solids. Keywords: Chemical coagulation, color reduction, mixed coagulants, and textile waste.

scholarly journals The feasibility of Cassia fistula gum with polyaluminium chloride for the decolorization of reactive dyeing wastewater

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Perng ◽  
Manh Bui
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Reactive Dyeing ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

In order to find a new environmental-friendly coagulant that can partially replace conventional polyaluminium chloride (PAC) which was shown to be toxic to aquatic environment, gum extracted from seeds of Cassia fistula Linn. (CF) was investigated in decolorization of reactive dyes Blue 19 (RB19) and Black 5 (RB5) using jar-test experiments. The optimal results showed that crude CF gum (at pH 10, initial dye concentrations (IDC) of 100 and 50 mg L-1, gum dosages 200 and 300 mg L-1, reaction time 30 and 45 min, and agitation speed 60 rpm) did not achieve high degrees of decolorization in RB5 and RB19 (55.7 and 62.0 %, respectively) as compared with PAC coagulant (97.2 and 94.4 %, respectively) at the same IDC and reaction time. Whereas when CF gum was used in combination with PAC, decolorization efficiencies of both dyes reached over 92 % at 40 % volume fraction of gum. These results indicated the potential of using CF gum as a ?green? coagulant or as a contributing factor to color removal of textile wastewater.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document