Effect of Extraction Process Parameters on the Yield of Bioactive Compounds from the Roots of Eurycoma Longifolia

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardawani Mohamad ◽  
Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali ◽  
Adnan Ripin ◽  
Arshad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia

Kesan-kesan parameter proses pengekstrakan iaitu masa pengekstrakan (15-45 min), suhu (40-110oC), saiz partikel (akar Tongkat Ali dalam bentuk serpihan dan serbuk), kelajuan putaran (200-400 rpm) dan nisbah pelarut kepada pepejal (10:1, 20:1 and 30:1) ke atas hasil pengekstrakan daripada Eurycoma longifolia telah diselidik yang memfokus kepada eurycomanone, asid benzoik dan asid galik sebagai produk. Kepekatan komponen-komponen bioaktif tersebut diukur dengan menggunakan pemisahan sebatian cecair berprestasi tinggi (HPLC). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa hasil pengekstrakan meningkat apabila saiz partikel semakin berkurang dan suhu, nisbah pelarut kepada pepejal dan kelajuan putaran semakin meningkat. Suhu pengekstrakan yang optimum untuk memaksimumkan hasil eurycomanone, asid benzoic dan asid galik adalah pada 100oC, 50oC and 80oC. Hasil maksimum pengekstrakan adalah apabila proses pengekstrakan dijalankan selama 45 minit, dengan nisbah pelarut kepada pepejal ialah 20 to 1, kelajuan putaran pada 400 rpm dan saiz partikel yang kecil digunakan (akar Tongkat Ali dalam bentuk serbuk). Keputusan yang didapati memberikan informasi yang berguna bagi memastikan proses tersebut adalah boleh dilaksanakan dari segi ekonomi dan terutamanya apabila pencarian komponen-komponen bioaktif yang lain masih diteruskan. Kata kunci: Eurycoma longifolia; pengekstrakan; eurycomanone; asid benzoik; asid galik; HPLC The effects of extraction process parameters, i.e., extraction time (15-45 min), temperature (40-110oC), particle size (Tongkat Ali roots in chip and powder form), agitation speed (200-400 rpm) and solvent to solid ratio (10:1, 20:1 and 30:1) on the extraction yields from Eurycoma longifolia were investigated, focusing on eurycomanone, benzoic acid and gallic acid as the product of interests. The concentrations of these bioactive compounds were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results obtained showed that the extraction yields increased with reduced particle size and increased of temperature, solvent to solid ratio and agitation speed. The optimum extraction temperature for maximizing yields of eurycomanone, benzoic acid and gallic acid were 100oC, 50oC and 80oC respectively. The highest yields were obtained when the process was run at 45 minutes, with a solvent to solid ratio of 20 to 1, agitation speed of 400 rpm and a smaller particle size (Tongkat Ali roots in powder form) was used. The results provided useful insights for making the process economically feasible and in particular, when the search of other bioactive components is to be continued. Keywords: Eurycoma longifolia; extraction; eurycomanone; benzoic acid; gallic acid; HPLC

Effect of Extraction Process Parameters on the Yield of Bioactive Compounds from the Roots of Eurycoma Longifolia

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardawani Mohamad ◽  
Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali ◽  
Adnan Ripin ◽  
Arshad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network for Modeling and Optimization of Extraction Process Parameters on Tetrapleura Tetraptera

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
E.A. Oyedoh ◽  
G.A. Erumi ◽  
C.E. Akhabue
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Extract Yield ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera

Bioactive compounds in the fruits of Tetrapleura tetraptera is widely used in food as a flavouring agent and for spices. In this study, bioactive compounds were extracted by solid-liquid extraction process and the yield was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The process parameters optimized were the extraction temperature, particle size and extraction time. Box-Behnken Design was used to study the effect of the process parameters on the extract yield. A quadratic model was obtained by RSM which was used topredict the extract yield. While for ANN, Bayesian Regularization learning algorithm with hyperbolic function (Tanh) for both hidden and output layers was the best model for predicting the extract yield. The performance of both models was established based on their R2 and RMSE values. (R2 and RMSE values were 0.9391 and 3.10 for RSM and 0.9637 and 0.8193 for ANN respectively). ANN gave the maximum extract yield of 29.15 % higher than that of RSM which evaluated a yield of 27.70 % with optimum conditions at extraction temperature of 90℃, particle size of 3.26 mm and extraction time of 50 mins. It was therefore concluded that ANN is better than RSM in the modeling and optimization of the extraction process parameters. Keywords: Tetrapleura tetraptera, bioactive compounds, process parameters, optimization  

Comparison of Bioactive Compounds of Matricaria recutita Extracted by Ultrasound and Maceration and their Effects on Preventing Sunflower Oil During Frying

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Farahmandfar ◽  
Maryam Asnaashari ◽  
Yegane Asadi ◽  
Batool Beyranvand
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Oil Stability Index ◽  
Matricaria Recutita

Background: It is important to study about the use of natural antioxidants as alternatives to synthetic ones due to the possibility of carcinogenic effects of synthetic antioxidants. This study is comparing the effect of the ultrasound-assisted and maceration extraction methods on antioxidant activity of Matricaria recutita. Methods: Bioactive compounds including phenolic, tocopherol, flavonoid and tannins and antioxidant activity of the extracts were evaluated. Moreover, extracts obtained from ultrasound and maceration methods were added to sunflower oil without any antioxidants at level of 200, 500 and 800 ppm, after that samples were heated at 180°C. Oxidation of the samples were evaluated after 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours by measuring Peroxide Value (PV), Conjugated Diene (CD), Iodine Value (IV), Carbonyl Value (CV), Total Polar Compounds (TPC), Oil Stability Index (OSI), Color Index (CI) and acid value (AV). Results: The result showed total phenol (42.90 mg gallic acid/g extract), tocopherol (120.46 µg α - tocopherol/ml extract), flavonoid (2.64 mg/100 g extract) and tannins (3.89 mg gallic acid/g extract) of ultrasound extracts were higher than maceration extracts. Antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by DPPH assay which indicated 800 ppm of the Matricaria recutita extracted by ultrasound was the highest radical scavenging ability. Conclusion: Result indicated both ultrasound and maceration extracts could increase the oil oxidative stability but could not increase compared to BHA. In most cases, the extract samples by ultrasound had a better effect on stabilizing of sunflower oil during frying.

Preparation and Characterization of Hexadecane Microcapsule Phase Change Materials by In Situ Polymerization

2013 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Qiu Song ◽  
Yue Xia Li ◽  
Jing Wen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Mass Ratio

Hexadecane microcapsule phase change materials were prepared by the in-situ polymerization method using hexadecane as core materials, urea-formaldehyde resin and urea-formaldehyde resin modified with melamine as shell materials respectively. Effect of melamine on the properties of microcapsules was studied by FTIR, biomicroscopy (UBM), TGA and HPLC. The influences of system concentration, agitation speed and mass ratio of wall to core were also investigated. The results indicated that hexadecane was successfully coated by the two types of shell materials. The addition of melamine into the urea-formaldehyde resin microcapsule reduced microcapsule particle size and microencapsulation efficiency. The influences of factors such as system concentration, agitation speed and mass ratio of wall to core to different wall materials microcapsules presented different variety trends of the microcapsule particle size.

Experimental Study on Concentrating Scandium by Leaching from Associated Scandium Ore

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1033-1036
Author(s):  
Gui Fang Zhang ◽  
Peng Yan ◽  
Qing Rong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Leaching Residue

Based on the benefication of the complex silicate ore containing scandium, the research about aid-leaching agent used in the leaching of the scandium concentrate was been conducted. And the suitable leaching agent and aid-leaching agent which the useful ions entered into leaching liquid and the harmful ions were kept in leaching residue were been found according to the experiment results. For the scandium of sample existed various complex silicate ore as isomorphism form, the research has adopted hydrochloric acid with aid-leaching agent to dissociate the silicate ore and make scandium entering into solution. The research results has shown that the scandium leaching rate could reach 92.06% under the optimal conditions which the hydrochloric acid concentration is 22.8%, the dosage of aid leaching agent is 6%, liquid solid ratio is 4:1, particle size of leaching material totally is less than 0.15mm and leaching time is 8h.

scholarly journals Application of Statistical Design to Assess the Critical Process Parameters of Ethanol Injection Method for the Preparation of Liposomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayani Bhattacharyya ◽  
Bharani S Sogali
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Ethanol Injection ◽  
Injection Method ◽  
Critical Process Parameters ◽  
Critical Process ◽  
Ethanol Injection Method

In the present study custom screening design was employed to observe the effect of four critical process parameters on particle size and polydispersity index of the liposomal formulation made by ethanol injection method. The four process parameters selected were lipid ratio, rate of injection, phase volume ratio and rotational speed of magnetic stirring. Eight different liposomal formulations were prepared using the design. The formulations were subjected to particle size analysis. The analysis was done at a significance level p<0.05 and found that the process parameters had significant effect on the particle size and polydispersity index of the formulations. The design was optimized for the individual responses with an overall desirability of more than 50%. Three batches of liposomes were formulated at optimized process parameters which matched the target as predicted by the design. Therefore, it can be concluded that the design was effective in production of nano sized stable monodisperse liposomes by ethanol injection method. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 103-111, 2019 (June)

Separation of Carotenoids from Physalis Alkekengi var. Francheti through Supercritical CO2

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 2414-2417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Huang ◽  
Mei Jing Yang ◽  
Qing Ma ◽  
Shao Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Diffusion Layer ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Relative Deviation ◽  
Time Profiles

Separation of carotenoids has been carried out on the calyx of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti by means of supercritical CO2. The influences of various parameters such as extraction pressure, temperature, processing time and particle size on the total carotenoid yield extracted are investigated in detail. A diffusion layer theory model is used to correlate the extraction yield vs. time profiles and it performs rather satisfactorily to describe the extraction process with an average absolute relative deviation varying from 3.2 to 11.0%.

scholarly journals Kinetic Behaviour of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition by Ultrasonicated A. malaccensis and A. subintegra Leaves of Different Particle Sizes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 818-828
Author(s):  
Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi ◽  
Fazlena Hamzah ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition ◽  
Lipase Inhibition

Gallic acid and quercetin equivalent were determined in the crude extract of matured leaves Aquilaria malaccensis and Aquilaria subintegra. The leaves of both Aquilaria species were dried at 60 °C for 24 hours, ground and sieved into particle size of 250, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 µm. Then, each particle size of leaves was soaked in distilled water with a ratio of 1:100 (w/v) for 24 hours and undergoes the pre-treatment method by using ultrasonicator (37 kHz), at the temperature of 60 °C for 30 minutes. The crude extracts were obtained after about 4 hours of hydrodistillation process. The highest concentration of gallic acid and quercetin equivalent was determined in the crude extract from the particle size of 250 µm. The kinetics of pancreatic lipase inhibition was further studied based using the Lineweaver-Burk plot, wherein the concentration of p-NPP as the substrate and pancreatic lipase were varied. Based on the formation of the lines in the plot, the crude leaves extract of both Aquilaria species exhibit the mixed-inhibition on pancreatic lipase, which indicates that in the reaction, the inhibitors were not only attached to the free pancreatic lipase, but also to the pancreatic lipase-(p-NPP) complex. The reaction mechanism was similar to non-competitive inhibition; however the value of dissociation constant, Ki, for both inhibition pathways was different. The inhibition shows an increment in Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and a reduction in the maximum pancreatic lipase activity (Vm) compared to the reaction without Aquilaria spp. crude extracts (control). This proved that the inhibition occurred in this reaction. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

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