Effect of Single Face Compaction on Stability and Flow of Asphalt Specimen

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fung-Lung Chang ◽  
Haryati Yaacob ◽  
Mohd. Rosli Hainin
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Single Face ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Local Specifications ◽  
The Stability

Recent research on the performance of bond strength between pavement layers results in the preparation of double layered specimen becomes inevitable. Double layered specimen may be in field scale or laboratory scale. Marshall mixture design method is normally adopted to prepare double layered specimen in laboratory, incorporating the compaction of binder course at both faces and followed by a single face compaction of wearing course. Due to that, compaction at single face only will raised potential scepticism over the quality of the compacted mixture. This paper focused on the performance of stability and flow for single face compacted wearing course specimen prepared using Marshall procedure at a thickness of 50mm for Asphaltic Concrete mixture of nominal maximum aggregate size 10 mm (AC10) and Stone Mastic Asphalt of nominal maximum aggregate size 14 mm (SMA14). The stability and flow was investigated with the increasing compacting effort. The stability and flow at optimum compacting effort was also checked. From the research, it was noticed that stability increased with compacting effort while flow shows a decreasing trend. A stability and flow value of 12.8 kN and 2.27 mm as well as 10.4 kN and 2.61 mm was recorded for AC10 and SMA14 respectively at optimum compacting effort. Such observation may be accounted to the aggregate gradation in the mixture besides the binder properties of two different binders used. Despite the adoption of single face compaction in specimen preparation, at optimum compacting effort, the stability and flow values was also found to be within the range as specified by local specifications.

scholarly journals Asphalt Mixture for the First Asphalt Concrete Directly Fastened Track in Korea

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Hyeok Lee ◽  
Dae-Wook Park ◽  
Hai Viet Vo ◽  
Samer Dessouky
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Modified Asphalt

The research has been initiated to develop the asphalt mixtures which are suitable for the surface of asphalt concrete directly fastened track (ADFT) system and evaluate the performance of the asphalt mixture. Three aggregate gradations which are upper (finer), medium, and below (coarser). The nominal maximum aggregate size of asphalt mixture was 10 mm. Asphalt mixture design was conducted at 3 percent air voids using Marshall mix design method. To make impermeable asphalt mixture surface, the laboratory permeability test was conducted for asphalt mixtures of three different aggregate gradations using asphalt mixture permeability tester. Moisture susceptibility test was conducted based on AASHTO T 283. The stripping percentage of asphalt mixtures was measured using a digital camera and analyzed based on image analysis techniques. Based on the limited research results, the finer aggregate gradation is the most suitable for asphalt mixture for ADFT system with the high TSR value and the low stripping percentage and permeable coefficient. Flow number and beam fatigue tests for finer aggregate asphalt mixture were conducted to characterize the performance of asphalt mixtures containing two modified asphalt binders: STE-10 which is styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer and ARMA which is Crum rubber modified asphalt. The performance tests indicate that the STE-10 shows the higher rutting life and fatigue life.

Experimental Research on Sound Absorption Performance of Low-Noise Pavement

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 1400-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Tan Guo ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Absorption Performance ◽  
Standing Wave Tube ◽  
Air Void ◽  
Pavement Noise

OGFC can reduce traffic noise which has very high air-void contents to absorb tire-pavement noise. This paper proposes maximum aggregate size and aggregate gradation of OGFC with the objective void of 20%. Performance of modified asphalt and best asphalt-aggregate ratio are also proposed with four kinds of modifiers, including SBS, rubber, EVA and PVC. The absorption coefficients of the four kinds of OGFC and the dense-graded Marshall specimens were tested with standing wave tube. Then their sound absorption performances were compared.

scholarly journals Influence of aggregate gradation on hma mixes stability

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Kalaitzaki ◽  
George Kollaros ◽  
Antonia Athanasopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Load Transfer ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Aggregate Properties ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
Maximum Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability

Abstract The load transfer capacity of pavements is to a great extend influenced by aggregates. About 85% of the total volume of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures consists of aggregates; thus, they are greatly influenced by aggregate properties like angularity (shape), roughness (texture), and gradation. Aggregate gradation controls the structure of voids. Current specifications for aggregate properties in HMA pavements require the aggregate blend to fall within a specified range of gradation values. Although the abovementioned requirement has ensured the construction of high quality HMA pavements, the properties are largely empirical and they are not based on performance-related tests. Marshall Stability is in principle the resistance to plastic flow of cylindrical specimens of a bituminous mixture loaded on the lateral surface. It is the load carrying capacity of the mix at 60oC. Aggregates with different gradations from the broader area of Xanthi, Northern Greece, have been used to prepare specimens for stability testing of hot asphalt mixtures in the laboratory. The research focused on the evaluation of the influence of aggregates in the overall stability characteristics of the mixtures. The maximum stability value has been obtained with an open-graded mixture having 5% asphalt and aggregate size 2.36 mm. However, the stability of the dense graded mixture is higher than this maximum value.

Field Density Investigation of Asphalt Mixtures in Minnesota

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110095
Author(s):  
Tianhao Yan ◽  
Mihai Marasteanu ◽  
Chelsea Bennett ◽  
John Garrity
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Field Density

In a current research effort, University of Minnesota and Minnesota Department of Transportation have been working on designing asphalt mixtures that can be constructed at 5% air voids, similar to the Superpave 5 mix design. High field density of asphalt mixtures is desired because it increases the durability and extends the service life of asphalt pavements. The paper investigates the current situation of field densities in Minnesota, to better understand how much improvement is needed from the current field density level to the desired level, and to identify possible changes to the current mix design to improve field compactability. Field densities and material properties of 15 recently constructed projects in Minnesota are investigated. First, a statistical analysis is performed to study the probability distribution of field densities. Then, a two-way analysis of variance is conducted to check if the nominal maximum aggregate size and traffic levels have any significant effect on field densities. A correlation analysis is then conducted to identify significant correlations between the compactability of mixtures and their material properties. The results show that the field density data approximately obey normal distribution, with an average field density of 93.4% of theoretical maximum specific gravity; there are significant differences in field density between mixtures with different traffic levels; compactability of mixtures is significantly correlated with fine aggregate angularity and fine aggregate gradation of the mixtures.

A Measurement Approach for Critical Voids in Mineral Aggregate Based on AC-20

2010 ◽  
Vol 108-111 ◽  
pp. 708-712
Author(s):  
Chen Ning ◽  
Ming Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Test System ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Mineral Aggregate ◽  
Superpave Gyratory Compactor ◽  
Object Of Study

The voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA) is considered to be the most important mix design parameter which affects the durability of the asphalt concrete mix. This has traditionally been addressed during mix design by meeting a minimum voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA) requirement, based solely upon the nominal maximum aggregate size without regard to other significant aggregate-related properties. The goal of this study is to determine the validity of the minimum VMA requirement versus nominal maximum aggregate size required in Marshall volumetric mix design. Specimens were compacted using the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC), conventionally tested for bulk and maximum theoretical specific gravities and physically tested using the thiaxial creep test system under a repeated load confined configuration to identify the transition state from sound to unsound. AC-20 was classified in the light of fine, dense and coarse gradation. The AC-20C, AC-20D and AC-20F asphalt mixtures were tested as the object of study. The results clearly demonstrate that the volumetric conditions of an VMA mixture at the stable unstable threshold are influenced by a composite measure of the aggregate size gradation .The currently defined VMA criterion, while significant, is seen to be insufficient by itself to correctly differentiate sound from unsound mixtures. Under current specifications, many otherwise sound mixtures are subject to rejection solely on the basis of failing to meet the VMA requirement. Based on the laboratory data and analysis, a new paradigm to volumetric mix design is proposed that explicitly accounts for aggregate gradation factors.

scholarly journals Influence of Aggregate Gradation and Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size on the Performance Properties of OGFC Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haripriya Nekkanti ◽  
Bradley J. Putman ◽  
Behrooz Danish
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Current Specification ◽  
Permeability For Water ◽  
Indirect Tensile

The effect of aggregate gradation and nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) on the performance properties of open-graded friction courses (OGFC) mixtures was investigated in this research. Several tests which included porosity, surface texture, indirect tensile strength (ITS), shear strength, and Cantabro abrasion loss were used to compare eight different aggregate gradations having two NMAS (9.5 mm and 12.5 mm) all from one aggregate source. For each NMAS, the gradations varied by adjusting the percent passing the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve. The results indicated that aggregate gradation does influence the behavior of OGFC mixtures. An increase in percent passing the No. 4 sieve showed significant decreases in porosity, which were more pronounced for the 12.5 mm NMAS compared with the 9.5 mm NMAS. Conversely, the increase in the percent passing the No. 4 sieve generally resulted in increases in the mixture performance properties as measured by the ITS, Cantabro loss, and shear strength. The results of this study provide laboratory-based evidence that adjusting the OGFC gradation by increasing the allowable percent passing the No. 4 sieve toward the higher end of the current specification range (e.g., near 30% for 12.5 mm NMAS) could potentially have positive effects on mixture durability while also maintaining adequate permeability for water drainage.

Air Void Characterisation in Porous Asphalt Using X-Ray Computed Tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hassan Norhidayah ◽  
Mohd Zul Hanif Mahmud ◽  
Putra Jaya Ramadhansyah
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Specimen Height ◽  
X Ray Computed

This study presents the characterisation of the air voids distribution for porous asphalt mixtures compacted using gyratory compactor. The distribution of voids content and voids shape within the porous asphalt were characterised for different nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) and specimen height. This is to evaluate the effect of different aggregate size composition and lift thickness on the air voids characteristics of the compacted porous asphalt. Two types of gradations were adopted i.e. Grading A (with NMAS=10 mm) and Grading B (with NMAS=14 mm) and they were fabricated for two different heights (50 and 100 mm). The internal structure was captured using X-ray Computed Tomography and image analysis techniques were used to process and analyse the images. It was found that mixture with coarse aggregate gradation produced larger void size with an elongated shape, which indicates voids connectivity within the mixture compared to fine gradation with more circular and smaller void size.For lift thickness, itacts differentlyfor different aggregate gradations. The specimen produced greater voids connectivity when the fine and coarse gradations were compacted at 100 mm and 50 mm respectively. These show that NMAS and lift thickness influence the mobility of the aggregate particles during compaction which affect the voids formation and determine the effectiveness of the compaction.

Influence of Aggregate Gradation of Coarse Aggregates on Concrete Strength

2012 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 147-149
Author(s):  
Wei Xie ◽  
Deng Kui Yuan ◽  
Shu Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Constant Content ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio

Concrete is widely used in engineering construction, and studying how to improve the strength of concrete is particularly important. The coarse aggregate is one of the elements in concrete, its property affects the strength of concrete prominently. The effect of coarse aggregate size distribution on the development process of concrete strength was studied, while keeping the constant content of coarse aggregate and altering the size distribution of coarse aggregate and the water to cement ratio. The experimental results show that when the maximum aggregate size is 10mm, 20mm and 30mm respectively, the compressive strength of concrete will be increased, and the flexural strength of concrete will be reduced.

Properties of Single Face Compacted Porous Asphalt

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1590-1593
Author(s):  
Haryati Yaacob ◽  
Hainin Mohd Rosli ◽  
Fung Lung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Permeability Reduction ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Single Face ◽  
Lower Permeability

Preparation of double layered specimen at laboratory scale is important in evaluating the performance of bond strength between pavement layers since it is normally less costly. It however involved single face compaction at wearing course layer during the specimen preparation which raised potential skepticism over the quality of the layer compacted at single face only. This paper presents the properties of single face compacted porous asphalt (SFCPA) specimen compared to conventional double face compacted porous asphalt (DFCPA) specimen. These specimens were of Grading A in accordance with the specification from Malaysia Public Works Department (PWD). The permeability and abrasive loss were investigated for specimens fabricated at 3 thicknesses of 35mm, 50mm and 65mm at an allowable limit of ±1mm. 50 blows compaction at each face according to PWD specification is adopted for DFCPA specimen, which resulted in compacting effort of 100 blows compaction for SFCPA specimen was applied for every thickness. For both tests, SFCPA possessed lower permeability and abrasive losses compared to DFCPA. This observation is the consequences of potential aggregate crushing in SFCPA which then partly filled up the voids within the specimen and reducing the permeability. Increased in density as a result of permeability reduction had increased the interlocking between coated aggregate particles, hence the abrasive loss in SFCPA is lessened.

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