Effect of Rainfall Intensity and Road Crossfall on Skid Resistance of Asphalt Pavement

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haryati Yaacob ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
Sudesh Nair A/L Baskara
Keyword(s):  
Weather Condition ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pendulum Test ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sand Patch ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Major Factors

Skidding is one of the major factors to road accidents during wet weather condition. Skidding during wet weather happens when water film presents between the tyre and pavement reducing the friction of tyre onto the road surface. This laboratory study was carried out to investigate the factors affecting Pendulum Test Value on Asphaltic Concrete surfaces. The main objective of this study is to determine the pavement type and the crossfall percentage that best resist skid during wet weather condition. Three different types of dense graded mixes were used in this study which are AC10, AC14 and AC20. Those three constructed mixes were tested using Sand Patch Test (SPT) and were then subjected to various rainfall conditions and crossfall percentages using Rainfall Simulator. The rainfall conditions are categorized as low rainfall, medium rainfall and high rainfall while the crossfalls were increased 2% from 0% to 10% crossfalls. During the event of rainfall on each pavement surfaces, a British Pendulum Tester (BPT) was used on the pavements to obtain the Pendulum Test Value (PTV) at different crossfalls. Collected data are analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to justify the objectives. Results from PTV shows that 4% to 10% crossfall is the best crossfall and AC20 is the best surface type in resisting skid.

Deceleration of sliding motorcycles (mainly scooters) in accident reconstructions

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
pp. 866-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Cialdai ◽  
Dario Vangi ◽  
Antonio Virga
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Energy Dissipated ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Two Wheeler ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper presents an analysis of the situation in which a two-wheeler (i.e. a motorcycle, where the term motorcycles includes scooters) falls over to the side and then successively slides; this typically occurs in road accidents involving this type of vehicle. Knowing the deceleration rate of the sliding phase allows the kinetic energy dissipated and the speed of the motorcycle just before the fall to the ground to be calculated. These parameters are very important in the analysis and reconstruction of accidents. The work presented in this paper was developed in two experimental test sessions on fully faired motorcycles which are mainly of the scooter type and widely used in urban areas. In the first session, sliding tests were carried out, with the speed in the range 10–50 km/h, on three different types of road surface. Analysis of the evidence allowed the dissipative main phases of motion of the motorcycle (the impact with the ground, the rebounds and the stabilized swiping) to be identified and some factors affecting the phenomenon to be studied. The coefficient of average deceleration was calculated using two typical equations. The second test session consisted of drag tests. In these tests, the motorcycle, which had previously laid on its side, was dragged for a few metres at a constant speed of about 20 km/h, while the drag force was measured. A comparison of the results obtained in these tests with those obtained in the sliding tests yielded very good agreement in the coefficients of deceleration.

scholarly journals Performance Degradation Analysis of c-Si PV Modules Mounted on a Concrete Slab under Hot-Humid Conditions Using Electroluminescence Scanning Technique for Potential Utilization in Future Solar Roadways

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoz Khan ◽  
Jae Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stress Testing ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Road ◽  
Scanning Technique ◽  
Testing Chamber ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Major Factors

The stability of the photovoltaic (PV) modules is critical when deployed in a non-ideal environment. Among the different factors, temperature and humidity are the two major factors affecting PV stability, making them significant causes of its degradation in terms of optoelectric and materials properties. Nowadays, with the increase in PV installation (here, we are only taking account of c-Si-based PV modules) to generate green electricity, effective space utilization is an important issue. Recently, people have been considering deploying PV modules on the road to utilize the space available on highways (roadways). This raises several new issues in the deployment of PV modules. However, issues related to temperature and humidity retain the same importance. Normally, these stability tests are performed in a damp-heat (DH) stress-testing chamber in an accelerated condition at 85 °C and 85% relative humidity (RH). In this work, c-Si PV modules were fixed over a concrete slab to prepare a PV interacted block, which can be used to build concrete-based roads. The performance of this PV on the concrete slab was tested in a DH stress-testing chamber in an accelerated condition at 85 °C and 85% RH for 4000 h. For the comparison, a PV module without concrete was also evaluated. The degradation of the PV modules was characterized using the electroluminescence scanning technique. After 2500 h of exposure to the DH conditions, the performance retention of the PV modules mounted on the concrete was 93.2%, which was nearly 5% higher than the module without the concrete slab.

scholarly journals Improving road safety in small towns based on a systematic approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 00028
Author(s):  
Irina Makarova ◽  
Gulnara Yakupova ◽  
Eduard Mukhametdinov
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Road ◽  
Preliminary Identification ◽  
Priority Task ◽  
The City ◽  
Haddon Matrix

Currently improving road safety is the priority task in the field of transport management. In our opinion, making management decisions to reduce the road accidents number and injuries rate should be based on a systematic approach to identifying the accidents’ causes and severity. This can be achieved using, among other things, the analysis of statistical data on violations and accidents in dynamics. A model so-called the Haddon Matrix was used as a method of preliminary identification of influencing factors and possible measures for their elimination. The statistical analysis results are presented a particular settlement. It was revealed that the city specifics, namely the residents’ number, motorization rate and the road network and infrastructure characteristics, are reflected in the factors affecting the level of accidents rate and, as a consequence, on the measures necessary to reduce it.

Development of Road Safety Sustainability Model for Malaysian Road

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Oluwole Arowolo ◽  
J.M. Rohani ◽  
Mat Rebi Abdul Rani
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sustainability Model

Road accidents are a major problem in both developed and developing countries, although related to different historical reasons and circumstances. The clear, common feature is the impact caused by three major factors: use of the automobile, road infrastructure and the road users (human factor), this has generated interest from researchers and academia. Most research has been limited in scope, while some researchers used secondary data, some use official reports, experimental investigation through system approach. The inability to recognize the complexity of factors that affect this issue may explain why we have conflicting results obtained by different researchers. The purpose of this paper was to develop a sustainable road safety model that is based on concurrent research, including: Human factors, Vehicle factors and Road factors. A sustainable approach was taken in evaluating relationships among the various factors and indicators thereby proposing a model that can serve as a tool for benchmarking and policy decision. Keywords: Road Safety; performance; Indicators; Human Factors; Sustainability

Custom Clearance Processing Time Analysis and Factors Affecting Clearance Time for Goods in Birgunj Custom of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (3&4) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Abhishek Jha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Key Informant Interview

Trade plays a fundamental role in shaping the country’s economy and for this imported goods must be delivered to the market in the quickest possible time without unnecessary delay. This study covers the freight vehicles, which clears the custom clearance process for Kathmandu and transports the same goods to Kathmandu from Birgunj. In this study average processing time in Birgunj customs areas (Birgunj customs, Birgunj Inland Clearance Depot (ICD) and Birgunj Integrated Check-Post (ICD)) as well as factors affecting processing time in Birgunj customs area has also been explored. Custom Clearance time at the particular points was collected using the trained enumerators. Key Informant Interview (KII) was carried out to explore the factors affecting the processing time and the questionnaire survey was done to identify the factors affecting clearance time. The average processing time for vehicles in Birgunj customs, ICD and ICP for different types of, vehicles, goods and lanes assigned for goods were analyzed. Various factors that are affecting the processing were identified. In Birgunj customs, ICD and ICP in average approximately 30.1 hours, 2.8 hours and 19.2 hours respectively, extra time is being spent by freight vehicle inside the custom yard, other than actual processing time, which shows that there is mainly delay in-between the process other than in actual processing unit and the major factors for this are: owner not clearing the goods on time, due to lack of enough number of agents and unseen syndicate within the freight transportation system.

scholarly journals Speed factor in the road safety system

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
E. V. Golov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Road ◽  
Speed Factor

The article examines various factors affecting the accident rate in road transport and studies in detail the consequences of exceeding the established speed limit. Based on the statistics of road accidents and calculations made, the level and severity of the consequences caused by the violation of the speed limit by the driver is established.

scholarly journals Road Traffic Accident in Malaysia: Trends, Selected Underlying, Determinants and Status Intervention

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽  
Noorjima Abd Wahab ◽  
Roslan Umar ◽  
Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi ◽  
Muhammad Hafiz Md Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Fatal Accidents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World

This paper includes review of the trends, selected underlying, determinants and status intervention. The 1.17 million of deaths occur each year worldwide due to road accidents 70 % of which occur in developing countries in the world. 65% of deaths involve pedestrian’s causes, 35 % of which are children. Estimates suggest that 23–34 million people are injured worldwide every year in road crashes. Fatal accidents are among the major factors of death in the world apart from chronic diseases such as stroke, lung infections, respiratory difficulties and heart disease. The rise in fatal accidents in Malaysia is 70%. This study was conducted to study the rate of fatal accidents on roads in the state of Selangor and Perlis based on fatal accident data for a period of five years from 2013 to 2017. The data were analyzed using quantitative methods which took into account the research conducted by researchers last. Based on analyzed data, the state of Selangor recorded the highest accident rate while Perlis state recorded the lowest accident rate. Among other things being studied are factors affecting the rate of road accidents in both states. In conclusion, the traffic, the physical structure of the road and the road users' focus is a factor of road accidents more concentrated in a particular area.  

Investigations of Road Wear Caused by Studded Tires

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15
Author(s):  
Johannes Gültlinger ◽  
Frank Gauterin ◽  
Christian Brandau ◽  
Jan Schlittenhard ◽  
Burkhard Wies
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tire Friction ◽  
Variable Operating Conditions

ABSTRACT The use of studded tires has been a subject of controversy from the time they came into market. While studded tires contribute to traffic safety under severe winter conditions by increasing tire friction on icy roads, they also cause damage to the road surface when running on bare roads. Consequently, one of the main challenges in studded tire development is to reduce road wear while still ensuring a good grip on ice. Therefore, a research project was initiated to gain understanding about the mechanisms and influencing parameters involved in road wear by studded tires. A test method using the institute's internal drum test bench was developed. Furthermore, mechanisms causing road wear by studded tires were derived from basic analytical models. These mechanisms were used to identify the main parameters influencing road wear by studded tires. Using experimental results obtained with the test method developed, the expected influences were verified. Vehicle driving speed and stud mass were found to be major factors influencing road wear. This can be explained by the stud impact as a dominant mechanism. By means of the test method presented, quantified and comparable data for road wear caused by studded tires under controllable conditions can be obtained. The mechanisms allow predicting the influence of tire construction and variable operating conditions on road wear.

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