LATERAL MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES UNDER WEAK-LANE DISCIPLINE HETEROGENEOUS TRAFFIC

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetimukta Mahapatra ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar Maurya ◽  
Anil Minhans
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
Lateral Acceleration ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Road Geometry

Safe driving can be achieved by prevention of risky situations which requires the knowledge of the vehicle dynamics and road geometry. The Indian traffic condition is heterogeneous in nature and has weak lane discipline. Hence, vehicles interactions takes place laterally also along with their longitudinal interaction. Vehicles lateral movements (interactions) are quite high due to absence of lane discipline. Therefore, the lateral acceleration of vehicles are an important variable which characterizes the corresponding vehicle dynamics. Several studies have been done by various authors on lateral acceleration in curves, however, lateral movement study of vehicles on straight road section is also important to analyze vehicles’ maneuver in such traffic (i.e. traffic stream with weak lane discipline). Therefore, the present study is about the observation of lateral movements of vehicles over different types of roads in three metropolitan cities of India (Kolkata, Mumbai and Pune) under moderate traffic conditions. Lateral acceleration variation of five different types of vehicles (SUV cars, Sedan cars, Hutch Back cars, motorized three wheeler and two wheeler) have been recorded to investigate its relationship with vehicles longitudinal characteristics (i.e. longitudinal speed) in Indian heterogeneous and weak lane disciplined traffic. Lateral acceleration values quickly rises with initial increase in speed afterward lateral acceleration values reduces with further increase in vehicles longitudinal speed.  Impact of vehicle type and locations on the lateral maneuvering of vehicles have also been studied

scholarly journals Space Occupancy Method for Estimation of PCUs of Vehicles at Different Speed and Flow Ranges on Urban Road

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
S. Srikanth
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Data Space ◽  
Speed Flow ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Road Space

The problem of quantification of volume under heterogeneous traffic has been addressed by converting the different types of vehicles into equivalent passenger cars and expressing the volume or capacity of roads in terms of PCU per hour. The traffic movement under heterogeneous traffic condition differs, however, significantly from that of homogeneous traffic in respect of the pattern of occupancy of road space by vehicles. Video graphic technique was used for the traffic flow data collection. A Traffic Enumeration Software was used for extracting speed, flow and headway data. Space occupancy method was used for PCU determination where in the space headway of each vehicle was also taken into consideration along with the projected area of the vehicle. Dynamic PCU values of different vehicles were found out corresponding to both speed and flow ranges. Reliability of dynamic PCU values of different vehicles is also determined by using density.

scholarly journals Four-Wheel Drive System: Architecture, Basic Vehicle Dynamics and Traction*

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bir Armaan Singh Gill ◽  
Mayank Sehdev ◽  
Hardeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Power Delivery ◽  
Traction Control ◽  
Traction Control System ◽  
The People ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Technology has been developing at a very tremendous pace to improve the safety and comfort of the people and when it comes to luxury and comfort, automobiles section is one of the common topic of interest, the most trending among this section is the “Four Wheel Drive (4WD) system” which has become more advanced and sophisticated with time. It has become an essential and appealing part of automobiles in today's era. This system has made the vehicles more secure, both off-road and on-road, enhanced traction of the wheels and power delivery of the engine. With the manipulation in the fundamental structure of a 4WD, various other 4WD options have become available, suiting different types of lifestyle and environment. This paper attempts to explain the different types of 4WD system, their basic structure, basic vehicle dynamics affecting the traction control system and provide a conclusion on various philosophies that the 4WD system adhere.

The systemic immune response of BALB/c mice infected with larval Taenia crassiceps is a mixed Th1/Th2-type response

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. TOENJES ◽  
R. J. SPOLSKI ◽  
K. A. MOONEY ◽  
R. E. KUHN
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Systemic Immune Response ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Specific Stimulation ◽  
Type Response

The subsets of lymphocytes and cytokines regulating the site-specific immune response in experimental cysticercosis (Taenia crassiceps) are not known. This study investigated the cells present at the site of infection (PECs) using flow cytometry and measured the cytokines produced by these cells through 50 days of infection. The results showed an expansion of B220+CD5+, B220+CD5−, αβTCR+CD4+ and CD8+ cells coincident with a transient increase in IL-10 production. After the initial increase, the percentage of B220+ CD5− and helper T cells decreased with a concomitant decrease in IL-10 production. CD8+ T cells continued to increase throughout infection and γδTCR+ cells increased after 10 days of infection. PECs demonstrated an increased IFN-γ and IL-4 production throughout infection when stimulated with larval antigens. Because a Th2-type polarization has been shown for spleen cells from infected BALB/c mice, cytokine profiles of spleen cells and PECs in response to ConA and larval antigens were compared. ConA and antigen-specific stimulation of spleen cells from 50-day-infected mice produced increased amounts of IL-10 while PECs showed a decreased IL-10 production suggesting that anatomically distinct lymphoid populations produce different cytokines and promote different types of responses. Surprisingly, late in infection the levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in serum increased substantially (460-fold and 100-fold, respectively). The systemic immune response of BALB/c mice during experimental cysticercosis, therefore, is a mixed Th1/Th2-type response.

Saturation Flow Model for Signalized Intersection under Mixed Traffic Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (15) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Biswas ◽  
Souvik Chakraborty ◽  
Indrajit Ghosh ◽  
Satish Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
Signalized Intersection ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Saturation Flow ◽  
The Impact

Saturation flow is one of the most important functional parameters at signalized intersections. It is to be noted that saturation flow is a functional measure of the intersection operation, which indicates the probable capacity if working in an ideal situation. However, determination of the saturation flow is a challenging task in developing countries like India where vehicles with diverse static and dynamic characteristics use the same carriageway. At the same time, it is influenced by several other factors. In this context, the present research is carried out to examine the effects of traffic composition, approach width and right-turning movements on saturation flow under heterogeneous traffic conditions. This paper proposes a model for computing saturation flow at the signalized intersection under mixed traffic condition based on Kriging approach. A detailed comparison of the mean saturation flow values obtained by the conventional method, regression method, and Kriging method has also been presented. Low mean absolute percentage error values (<5%) have been obtained for saturation flow by Kriging method with respect to the conventional method. Finally, the proposed models are used to evaluate the impact of right-turning vehicles on saturation flow under shared lane condition.

Estimating Road Angles With the Knowledge of the Vehicle Yaw Angle

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Yuan Hsu ◽  
Tsung-Lin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Lateral Acceleration ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
The Road ◽  
Displacement Sensors ◽  
State Observers ◽  
Acceleration Sensors ◽  
Yaw Angle

This paper presents a method of estimating road angles using state observers and three types of sensors (lateral acceleration sensors, longitudinal velocity sensors, and suspension displacement sensors). The proposed method differs from those in most existing literature in three aspects. First, a “full-state” vehicle model is used to describe nonlinear vehicle dynamics on a sloped road. Second, “switching observer” techniques are used to suggest suitable sensors and to construct state observers. Lastly, the road angles are described by three Euler angles, and two of them are estimated simultaneously. The analysis indicates that (1) road angles affect vehicle dynamics through components of the gravitational force acting on the vehicle body. These gravitational forces can be correctly estimated with an estimation accuracy less than 7.5%, even when road angles vary with time. (2) Those road angles can be correctly estimated only when the vehicle yaw angle is known.

scholarly journals Capacity Estimation of Multilane Highways under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions using Micro-Simulation Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Tanumoy Ghosh ◽  
Sudip Kumar Roy ◽  
Subhamay Gangopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Geometric Conditions ◽  
Micro Simulation ◽  
Traffic Flow Characteristics

The behavior of a driver of any vehicle is important in estimating heterogeneous traffic conditions with no strict lane discipline. In the present study, a micro-simulation model is used to analyze the mixed traffic condition with different drivers’ behavior parameters. The field data collected on traffic flow characteristics of multilane highways are used in the calibration and validation of the simulation model. Out of the ten coefficient of correlation (CC) parameters in the simulation model, five are used in the present study to make a model of simulation for heterogeneous traffic; the other five parameters are not considered for testing their influence on simulated capacity values as they represent very typical behavior of a driver, either in car-following, or in free-flow conditions. Two separate simulation models are made by changing the CC (CC0, CC1, CC2, CC7, and CC8) parameters, each for a four-lane divided and a six-lane divided highway as the geometric conditions of the roads and the traffic flow is different for both the cases. These models are then applied on two other sections of a four-lane divided and a six-lane divided highway to validate the parameters of the model developed earlier for other sections.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES FOR 5G NETWORKS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314
Author(s):  
Mrs. Rinkoo Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Access ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Power Domain ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Code Domain ◽  
Multiple Access Schemes ◽  
Multiple Domains

Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks face various challenges in order to support largescale heterogeneous traffic and users, therefore new modulation and multiple access (MA) schemes are being developed to meet the changing demands. As this research space is ever increasing, it becomes more important to analyze the various approaches, therefore, in this article we present a comprehensive overview of the most promising Multiple Access schemes for 5G networks. Our article focuses on various types of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) techniques. Specifically, we first introduce different types of modulation schemes, potential for OMA. We then pay close attention to various types of NOMA candidates, including power-domain NOMA, code-domain NOMA, and NOMA multiplexing in multiple domains. From this exploration, we can identify the opportunities and challenges that will have the most significant impacts on modulation and MA designs for 5G networks.

Ranking Tires for Heavy Truck Steering Feel Performance Using a Simulation Model2

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Lateral Acceleration ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Objective Testing ◽  
Steering Feel ◽  
Wheel Torque ◽  
Heavy Truck

Abstract The effects of seven different tire sets on heavy truck steering feel characteristics were demonstrated from objective testing. Also, the steering behavior and vehicle dynamics were modeled in order to determine how well the resulting simulations could rank the steering performance of the tire sets relative to the objective results. The objective testing was performed using a 6×4 tractor with a two-axle flatbed semi-trailer. Measured data included steering wheel torque, steering wheel angle, and lateral acceleration behavior resulting from on-center-type steering tests. In addition, the hydraulic pressure from the power steering system was also measured. The tests consisted of multiple cycles at 0.2 Hz and ±0.2 g. Steering-related performance metrics were selected and calculated based on the interaction between measured parameters. The same test procedure was also applied using an analytical model of a steering system. The input was steering wheel torque, and outputs included the road wheel angles at the steer axle, which were then fed into a commercial vehicle dynamics model providing the vehicle dynamics behavior along with feedback required for the steering model (e.g., king pin moments). Tire loads and slip angles were also provided by the vehicle dynamics model and used as input to a tire model predicting tire force and moment behavior. The related metrics were subsequently computed and compared to the measured results. Effects of the different tire sets on steering characteristics were seen from both the objective and simulation tests. Seven performance metrics were applied in a ranking comparison between measured and modeled results. Correlation of the modeled to measured metrics ranged from R2 values of 0.40 to 0.99 for the seven metrics considered.

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