ABERRANT DRIVING AMONG YOUNG MALAYSIAN DRIVERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozmi Ismail ◽  
Ng Lei Voon ◽  
Mohamad Hanif Md Saad ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Norhayati Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Test System ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Road Rage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses the result of a quasi experimental study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and aggressive (aberrant) driving among young Malaysian drivers. 127 students with mean age of 22 (68 males and 59 females) and valid class B2 driving license were recruited for the study. Before exposure to experimental intervention, the participants completed Eysenck's Impulsivity Inventory (aka IVE Questionnaire) which assessed personality traits (impulsiveness, venturesome and empathy), and AVIS Questionnaire, developed by Vienna Test System (VTS) which assessed aggressiveness while driving. In the experiment the participants were shown video scenarios of aggressive driving as a stimulus for aggressive driving evaluation. They were then asked to respond to questions related to provocations and aggressive behaviour from other drivers on to themselves and of other drivers being provoked by the same situation. The results revealed significant relationship between empathy and personality types (p<0.05) where subjects who score low on empathy and high on venturesome-ness tended to be more aggressive. Even though nearly all participants admitted that Malaysian drivers were aggressive on the road, only 15% of the participants agreed that they are aggressive drivers themselves. Based on this study's results, it is suggested that personality screening tests should be implemented by the relevant agencies as a preliminary measure to reduce the road rage phenomena and aggressive driving.

scholarly journals Fail to Yield? An Analysis of Ambulance Crashes in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1566
Author(s):  
Rong-Chang Jou ◽  
Ming-Che Chao
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mnl Model ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Crash Injuries ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction—Medical emergency vehicles help patients get to the hospital quickly. However, there were more and more ambulance crashes on the road in Taiwan during the last decade. This study investigated the characteristics of medical emergency vehicle crashes in Taiwan from January 2003 to December 2016. Methods—The ordered logit (OL) model, multinominal logit (MNL) model, and partial proportional odds (PPO) model were applied to investigate the relationship between the severity of ambulance crash injuries and its risk factors. Results—We found the various factors have different effects on the overall severity of ambulance crashes, such as ambulance drivers’ characteristics and road and weather conditions. When another car was involved in ambulance crashes, there was a disproportionate effect on the different overall severity, as found by the PPO model. Conclusions—The results showed that male ambulance drivers and car drivers who failed to yield to an ambulance had a higher risk of severe injury from ambulance crashes. Ambulance crashes are an emerging issue and need further policies and public education regarding Taiwan’s ambulance transportation safety.

CERTAIN SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION AND PROPAGANDA SAFE BEHAVIOR ON THE ROAD

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
О.О. Марокко
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Subject ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Social Advertising ◽  
The Relationship

В статье рассматриваются некоторые социально-психологические аспекты повышения эффективности социальной рекламы в области безопасности дорожного движения. Автором отмечено, что для достижения цели субъект пропаганды дол- жен осознать взаимосвязь между его индивидуальным поведением на дороге и надежностью всей системы жизнеобеспечения. The article discuses some of the socio-psychological aspects of increasing of social advertising in the field of road safety. The author notes that in order to achieve the goal, the subject of propaganda must aware of the relationship between his individual behavior on the road and the reliability of the entire life support system.

scholarly journals Host personality predicts cuckoo egg rejection in Daurian redstarts Phoenicurus auroreus

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1953) ◽  
pp. 20210228
Author(s):  
Jinggang Zhang ◽  
Peter Santema ◽  
Jianqiang Li ◽  
Lixing Yang ◽  
Wenhong Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Brood Parasitism ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Egg Rejection ◽  
Physiological Trait ◽  
Host Personality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Host Influence

In species that are subject to brood parasitism, individuals often vary in their responses to parasitic eggs, with some rejecting the eggs while others do not. While some factors, such as host age (breeding experience), the degree of egg matching and the level of perceived risk of brood parasitism have been shown to influence host decisions, much of the variation remains unexplained. The host personality hypothesis suggests that personality traits of the host influence its response to parasitic eggs, but few studies have tested this. We investigated the relationship between two personality traits (exploration and neophobia) and a physiological trait (breathing rate) of the host, and egg-rejection behaviour in a population of Daurian redstarts Phoenicurus auroreus in northeast China. We first show that exploratory behaviour and the response to a novel object are repeatable for individual females and strongly covary, indicating distinct personality types. We then show that fast-exploring and less neophobic hosts were more likely to reject parasitic eggs than slow-exploring and more neophobic hosts. Variation in breathing rate—a measure of the stress-response—did not affect rejection behaviour. Our results demonstrate that host personality, along the bold-shy continuum, predicts the responses to parasitic eggs in Daurian redstarts, with bold hosts being more likely to reject parasitic eggs.

scholarly journals P075 Travel or cheers? Examining the drivers and mechanisms of home court advantage in the 2020/2021 NBA regular season

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A45-A45
Author(s):  
J Leota ◽  
D Hoffman ◽  
L Mascaro ◽  
M Czeisler ◽  
K Nash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Home Team ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Home court advantage (HCA) in the National Basketball Association (NBA) is well-documented, yet the co-occurring drivers responsible for this advantage have proven difficult to examine in isolation. The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the elimination of crowds in ~50% of games during the 2020/2021 NBA season, whereas travel remained unchanged. Using this ‘natural experiment’, we investigated the impact of crowds and travel-related sleep and circadian disruption on NBA HCA. Methods 1080 games from the 2020/2021 NBA regular season were analyzed using mixed models (fixed effects: crowds, travel; random effects: team, opponent). Results In games with crowds, home teams won 58.65% of the time and outrebounded (M=2.28) and outscored (M=2.18) their opponents. In games without crowds, home teams won significantly less (50.60%, p = .01) and were outrebounded (M=-0.41, p &lt; .001) and outscored (M=-0.13, p &lt; .05) by their opponents. Further, the increase in home rebound margin fully mediated the relationship between crowds and home points margin (p &lt; .001). No significant sleep or circadian effects were observed. Discussion Taken together, these results suggest that HCA in the 2020/2021 NBA season was predominately driven by the presence of crowds and their influence on the effort exerted by the home team to rebound the ball. Moreover, we speculate that the strict NBA COVID-19 policies may have mitigated the travel-related sleep and circadian effects on the road team. These findings are of considerable significance to a domain wherein marginal gains can have immense competitive, financial, and even historical consequences.

The Study of Tire Pattern Noise by Using Wavelet Transform

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Wook Hwang ◽  
Jin Hyuk Han ◽  
Ki Duck Sung ◽  
Sang Kwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
The Other ◽  
Road Noise ◽  
Signal Process ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pattern Noise ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Non Stationary Signal ◽  
The Relationship

Tire noise is classified by pattern noise and road noise in a vehicle. Especially pattern noise has impulsive characteristics since it is generated by impacting of tire’s block on the road. Therefore, a special signal process is needed other than traditional Fourier Transform, because the characteristic of signal is varying with time. On the other hand, the pattern noise is a kind of non-stationary signal and is related to the impulsive train of pitch sequence of a block. In this paper, Wavelet Transform is applied to verify the impulse signal caused by impact of block and groove and to verify the relationship between the pattern noise and the train of pitch sequence.

Modal Analysis of a Utility Bicycle From the Perspective of Riding Comfort

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Doria ◽  
Edoardo Marconi ◽  
Pierluca Cialoni
Keyword(s):  
Modal Testing ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Vehicle Structure ◽  
Power Spectral Densities ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The correlation between the modal properties and the comfort characteristics of a utility, step-through frame bicycle are investigated. In-plane modal testing of the vehicle is carried out both without and with the rider, and the major differences between the results obtained with the two conditions are highlighted. In order to have an insight into the contribution of the various bicycle components to the transmission of vibrations, the frequency response functions (FRFs) between the main interface points in the vehicle structure are measured and studied. Finally, the modal characteristics are compared with road tests data, emphasizing the relationship between the in-plane vibration modes and the main peaks in the acceleration power spectral densities (PSDs) measured on the road.

scholarly journals Women’s body image and breastfeeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Barbara Broers ◽  
Joanna Wawrzyniak ◽  
Wiktoria Kubiec
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Women's Body Image ◽  
Mental Construct ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Relationship

Only a small number of studies draw attention to the relationship between body image after pregnancy and during lactation with the decision to undertake and continue breastfeeding. Body image is a complex mental construct, which consists of: cognitive, emotional and behavioural components, and which is subject to change during the life of the woman. Pregnancy, childbirth and lactation affect the physicality of women, which is also reflected in the way of defining their body image. Dissatisfaction with own body can affect the decision to breastfeed or cause discomfort during breastfeeding. At the same time, undertaking breastfeeding can, through the hormones secreted at the time, positively influence the assessment of the woman’s body before and during pregnancy. The discovery of this relationship, and in the future indicating the precise correlation phenomena, could have a practical use in working with patients whether to breastfeed. By noticing and identifying an early onset of irregularities in the forming body image of a pregnant women, healthcare professionals can support those in need to build a real body image and positive attitude towards occurring changes and thus increase their comfort. Recognising and understanding the obstacles women experience on the road to breastfeeding, educators and professionals can create programs which consider a more complex, psycho-physical dimension of breastfeeding.

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