scholarly journals Host personality predicts cuckoo egg rejection in Daurian redstarts Phoenicurus auroreus

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1953) ◽  
pp. 20210228
Author(s):  
Jinggang Zhang ◽  
Peter Santema ◽  
Jianqiang Li ◽  
Lixing Yang ◽  
Wenhong Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Brood Parasitism ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Egg Rejection ◽  
Physiological Trait ◽  
Host Personality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Host Influence

In species that are subject to brood parasitism, individuals often vary in their responses to parasitic eggs, with some rejecting the eggs while others do not. While some factors, such as host age (breeding experience), the degree of egg matching and the level of perceived risk of brood parasitism have been shown to influence host decisions, much of the variation remains unexplained. The host personality hypothesis suggests that personality traits of the host influence its response to parasitic eggs, but few studies have tested this. We investigated the relationship between two personality traits (exploration and neophobia) and a physiological trait (breathing rate) of the host, and egg-rejection behaviour in a population of Daurian redstarts Phoenicurus auroreus in northeast China. We first show that exploratory behaviour and the response to a novel object are repeatable for individual females and strongly covary, indicating distinct personality types. We then show that fast-exploring and less neophobic hosts were more likely to reject parasitic eggs than slow-exploring and more neophobic hosts. Variation in breathing rate—a measure of the stress-response—did not affect rejection behaviour. Our results demonstrate that host personality, along the bold-shy continuum, predicts the responses to parasitic eggs in Daurian redstarts, with bold hosts being more likely to reject parasitic eggs.

scholarly journals Impact of nest sanitation behavior on hosts’ egg rejection: An empirical study and meta-analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihong Li ◽  
Jianli Bi ◽  
Jiangwen Wu ◽  
Canchao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Brood Parasitism ◽  
Egg Rejection ◽  
Specific Adaptation ◽  
Potential Host ◽  
Nest Sanitation ◽  
Avian Brood Parasitism ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Egg rejection in birds is a specific adaptation toward avian brood parasitism, while nest sanitation is a general behavior for cleaning the nest and avoiding predation. However, both behaviors refer to the action of ejecting objects out of the nest, and nest sanitation has been proposed as a pre-adaptation for egg rejection. Here we tested the eliciting effect of nest sanitation on egg rejection in the red-whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus, a potential host species that is sympatric with parasitic cuckoos. We conducted meta-analyses of previous studies on both nest sanitation and egg rejection, in order to evaluate the consistency of our conclusions. Our results showed that nest sanitation did not elicit egg rejection in P. jocosus. The conclusions concerning such an eliciting effect from previous studies were mixed, while the methodologies were inconsistent, making the studies unsuitable for comparisons. However, the ejection frequency of nest sanitation was consistently higher than the frequency of egg rejection across different host species or populations. These results suggest that nest sanitation, which is an ancient behavior, is more fundamental than egg rejection, but the effect of the former on the latter is complex and needs further study. Standardized methodologies and the integration of behavior, physiology, and modeling may provide better opportunities to explore the relationship between nest sanitation and egg rejection.

scholarly journals BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS, DEMOGRAPHY AND OVERCONFIDENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27
Author(s):  
Latifah Putranti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to determine the factors that influence overconfidence in student investors in Yogyakarta. This study explores the relationship between demographic factors (sex, age, education) and big five personality traits (agreeableness, concientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, openness) with overconfidence. Primary data collected from student investors through questionnaires. The statistical method used is chi-square to determine the relationship between demographic factors and overconfidence. Regression method to determine the relationship between personality types with overconfidence. Analysis using SPSS for Windows 20 on 100 sample sizes. The results of the regression analysis showed that there was an influence between concientiousness, extroversion and openness personality type variables on overconfidence. Agreeableness and neuroticism have no effect on overconfidence. The study also found an influence between demographic factors (sex, age, education) and overconfidence.

The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Vocabulary Learning Strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Zeinab Jalili Kelangestani
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Social Strategy ◽  
Vocabulary Learning Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the possible relationship between Iranian female intermediate EFL learners' personality traits and their vocabulary learning strategies. The participants in this study comprised of 90 female intermediate English language learners. To ensure the homogeneity of the group, all the participants were made to appear in the Oxford Solution Placement Test. Vocabulary Learning Strategies and Eysenck Personality questionnaires were administered to the participants. The results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between Iranian intermediate EFL learners' personality type and their use of vocabulary learning strategies. However, it appeared that introverts tended to have higher use of memory, cognitive, and metacognitive strategies while extroverts were found to achieve higher mean scores on determination and social strategies. The highest degree of the relationship was found between social strategy and personality types. In contrast, lowest correlation was found between metacognitive strategy and personality types.

Examination of the Relationship Between Perceived Risk for Private Label Products and Consumers' Personality Traits

2020 ◽  
pp. 206-225
Author(s):  
Buket Bora Semiz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Private Label ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Private Label Products

This chapter aims at demonstrating the relationship between perceived risk for private label products and consumer's personality traits. Because of that reason, the data was collected from 462 respondents who bought and used a private label food product at least one time in Bilecik between 15 March and 01 April 2019. This data was collected via convenience sampling methods. According to the findings, perceived risk for private label products and consumer's personality traits are statistically significant. There is a statistically significant relationship between perceived risk for private label products and consumer's personality traits.

scholarly journals Are Serbian tourists worried? The effect of psychological factors on tourists’ behavior based on the perceived risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Kovačić ◽  
Tamara Jovanović ◽  
Ðurđa Miljković ◽  
Tin Lukić ◽  
Slobodan B. Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Tourist Behavior ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Behavior Based ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractRecent natural hazards (floods and wildfires) which hit some of the most visited Greek tourist destinations during the summer season 2018 are threatening to decrease the number of tourist visits in the affected regions. As these regions, being namely Chalkidiki, Olympic Riviera and regions surrounding Athens and Thessaloniki, are the most popular summer destinations for Serbian tourists, it is interesting to examine how natural hazards that occurred there influence tourist behavior based on the perceived risk. The study aims to explore the role of psychological factors such as different personality traits and tourism worries on the tourist behavior based on the perceived risk of affected destinations. Moreover, the assumption was that tourism worrieswill mediate the relationship between analyzed personality traits and tourist behavior based on the perceived risk. Although previous studies investigated the effect of different psychological factors on tourist behavior based on the perceived risk, this is the first study to explore the interaction of different psychological factors including tourism worries, which previously were not analyzed in this context. Besides theoretical contribution, practical implications are also further discussed in the paper within the realm of their use for destination managers.

ABERRANT DRIVING AMONG YOUNG MALAYSIAN DRIVERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozmi Ismail ◽  
Ng Lei Voon ◽  
Mohamad Hanif Md Saad ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Norhayati Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Test System ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Road Rage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses the result of a quasi experimental study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and aggressive (aberrant) driving among young Malaysian drivers. 127 students with mean age of 22 (68 males and 59 females) and valid class B2 driving license were recruited for the study. Before exposure to experimental intervention, the participants completed Eysenck's Impulsivity Inventory (aka IVE Questionnaire) which assessed personality traits (impulsiveness, venturesome and empathy), and AVIS Questionnaire, developed by Vienna Test System (VTS) which assessed aggressiveness while driving. In the experiment the participants were shown video scenarios of aggressive driving as a stimulus for aggressive driving evaluation. They were then asked to respond to questions related to provocations and aggressive behaviour from other drivers on to themselves and of other drivers being provoked by the same situation. The results revealed significant relationship between empathy and personality types (p<0.05) where subjects who score low on empathy and high on venturesome-ness tended to be more aggressive. Even though nearly all participants admitted that Malaysian drivers were aggressive on the road, only 15% of the participants agreed that they are aggressive drivers themselves. Based on this study's results, it is suggested that personality screening tests should be implemented by the relevant agencies as a preliminary measure to reduce the road rage phenomena and aggressive driving.

scholarly journals Personality Types and Personality Traits in DSM-5: Do They Really Match?

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (spe) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Eduardo Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Tiago Cunha de Oliveira ◽  
Denise Ruschel Bandeira ◽  
Robert Frank Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Categorical Approach ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

Abstract The alternative model of personality disorders introduced in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders provides a diagnostic system that is expected to correspond to the well-known categorical approach of personality disorder diagnoses. The current study aims to improve knowledge about the relationship between pathological personality traits and their corresponding personality types. A Brazilian sample of 1,162 people took part in this study. The results point to some level of continuity between the two models when the variables were treated as dimensional. Contrariwise, there is a lack of strong scientific evidence to justify the maintenance of the categorical approach. We recommend the exclusion of the categorical approach from personality disorder diagnosis systems.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Personality Traits with English Speaking Anxiety

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74
Author(s):  
Haldun Vural
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Speaking Anxiety ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Speaking in front of people is challenging even in one’s own language. Since personality and speaking anxiety are interrelated, students’ personality types are important to find out the reasons for their anxiety. The aim of the current study is to determine the personality traits of the participants; to investigate their foreign language speaking anxiety levels; and to find out whether students’ personality traits significantly predict their foreign language speaking anxiety. According to the results, extraversion, openness and conscientiousness significantly and negatively but neuroticism and agreeableness significantly and positively predict foreign language speaking anxiety. The majority have agreeableness which predicts foreign language speaking anxiety positively; this may explain why people cannot speak English in our country.

Antecedents and moderators of brand trust in the context of baby care toiletries

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Srivastava ◽  
Satya Bhushan Dash ◽  
Amit Mookerjee
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Brand Intimacy ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This paper aims to empirically examine the distinct antecedents of cognitive and affective brand trust in the context of baby care toiletry brands. Further, the moderating role of the mother’s personality traits on the relationship between brand trust and its antecedents is investigated. Design/methodology/approach – The study methodology involves two phases: exploratory and descriptive. The exploratory phase, with the support of a focused literature review, results in a theoretical framework that is later validated through the survey-based empirical phase. Findings – The study finds that brand predictability and brand innovativeness are antecedents of cognitive brand trust, whereas brand intimacy is a driver of affective brand trust. The study confirms that agreeableness positively moderates the relationship between brand intimacy and affective brand trust, whereas conscientiousness positively moderates the relationship between brand predictability and cognitive brand trust. Practical implications – The study recommends marketing strategy approaches for baby care product companies, including the essential factors they must keep in mind for promoting their brand and winning the trust of mothers. Originality/value – The study is among the few empirical investigations that examine the role of the moderating effect of personality traits on the relationship between brand trust and its antecedents, in the little-researched context of the high perceived risk category of baby care toiletry products in an emerging-market context.

Different strokes for different folks

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-208
Author(s):  
Ella Wehrmeyer ◽  
Sarita Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Big Five Inventory ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Unexplored Area ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Until recently, the translator’s personality was a relatively unexplored area of research, but growing evidence points to the influence of personality on the translator’s decisions. Although findings are not always statistically significant, empirical research indicates that professional translators’ profiles differ from that of the local population, and that certain personality types are more likely to make creative translation choices. This article explores the relationship between personality traits as defined by the Big Five Inventory (Costa & McCrae 1989), and translation choices as defined by Baker (2018) and Molina & Hurtado (2002). The findings indicate that professional translators with a dominant neurotic personality trait are the most creative, whereas those with a dominant conscientious personality trait prefer literal translation choices. However, the findings also indicate that age and experience are competing variables, both indicating a preference for literal translation.

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