KESAN SUDUT PUSARAN TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN EMISI MENGGUNAKAN DWI PEMUSAR UDARA ALIRAN JEJARIAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Roslan Rahim ◽  
Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Swirling Flow ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Fuel Sprays ◽  
Low Emission

Combustion of liquid fuel sprays produces NOX, CO and other emissions that have an adverse impact on the environment and humans. This study is conducted to produce low-emission combustion with the use of double radial swirler. Swirling flow burning will enhance the mixing of fuel and air to produce a flame that is more stable and efficient. In this study, weak swirler with an angle of 30º is set as a primary swirler and strong swirlers each with an angle of 40º, 50º and 60º are set as the secondary swirler. Combinations of these swirlers helped the mixing of fuel and air during combustion. The results show, the combination of swirlers 30º/60º produced the highest temperature profile, the best flames, more stable and shorter than other combinations. NOX emissions for the combination of swirlers 30º/60º at stoichiometric are 15.6% lower than the combinations of swirlers 30º/40º. Other emissions such as CO, also shows 8.4% of reduction in the combination of swirlers 30º/60º. These results indicated that double swirlers helped in reducing emissions during combustion and also producing an environmentally friendly combustion system.

Burner Development for Flexible Engine Operation of the Newest Siemens Gas Turbines

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Prade ◽  
Ju¨rgen Meisl ◽  
Peter Berenbrink ◽  
Holger Streb ◽  
Stefan Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
Wide Range

The newest Siemens gas turbine family has already been well received by the market. Nevertheless, the market drives continuing development of the family and the combustion system. Central focus is put on further increasing reliability and component lifetime and on increased inspection cycles, as well as increasing the engine power output and efficiency, which is directly linked to higher turbine inlet temperatures. Increasing attention, however, is given to the flexibility concerning fuel quality and according fluctuations. Additionally, more and more strict emission requirements must be considered. This paper especially reports on demonstration of the capability of the Siemens gas turbines with an annular combustion system to fulfil the requirements for the highest operational flexibility. Thus, the combustion system has been tested and qualified for the highest operating flexibility with special fuel requirements such as burning Naphtha, Light Oil #2 and Natural gas with an extremely wide range of heating values as well. Also special operation modes such as fuel changeover, fastest load changes for island grid operation, frequency response and load rejection require this highly flexible combustion system without any hardware exchange. In different frames when fired with natural gas, base load is reached with the NOx emissions ranging well below 25 ppmvd, confirming the high potential of this advanced hybrid burner. In liquid fuel operation, dry NOx emissions of 75ppmvd were demonstrated but by injecting fuel / water emulsion NOx emissions were reduced to below 42 ppmvd with different liquid fuel qualities. Combustion dynamics, unburned Hydrocarbons, CO and soot emissions remained always below the required limits.

scholarly journals Operation of a Primary Surface Recuperator on a Liquid Fueled Combustion System

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stephenson ◽  
Mike E. Ward ◽  
Len Holman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Exhaust Stream ◽  
Extended Duration ◽  
Compact Surfaces ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

Gas turbine recuperators have been put in operation in a number of applications, although the experience on liquid fuel has been minimal. Possibilities of liquid fouling of the compact surfaces of recuperators has been a significant concern. A extended duration fouling test of a compact recuperator was conducted using a simulated gas turbine exhaust stream from a commercial dry low NOx atmospheric combustion system. This combustion system has consistently demonstrated operation with negligible smoke and low NOx emissions. The low smoke significantly reduces the likelihood of fouling of downstream equipment. Fouling of the recuperator was virtually undetectable after 1000 hours of operation. Visual inspection of the recuperator core confirmed there was no soot buildup of any kind.

Field Conversion of a Low-Firing Frame 7B Gas Turbine Power Plant to Ultra-Low Emission Combustion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Demougeot ◽  
Jeffrey A. Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Technical Discussion

The search for power plant sustainability options continues as regulating agencies exert more stringent industrial gas turbine emission requirements on operators. Purchasing power for resale, de-commissioning current capabilities altogether and repowering by replacing or converting existing equipment to comply with emissions standards are economic-driven options contemplated by many mature gas turbine operators. NRG’s Gilbert power plant based in Milford, NJ began commercial operation in 1974 and is fitted with four (4) natural gas fired GE’s 7B gas turbine generators with two each exhausting to HRSG’s feeding one (1) steam turbine generator. The gas turbine units, originally configured with diffusion flame combustion systems with water injection, were each emitting 35 ppm NOx with the New Jersey High Energy Demand Day (HEED) regulatory mandate to reduce NOx emissions to sub 10 ppm by May 1st, 2015. Studies were conducted by the operator to evaluate the economic viability & installation of environmental controls to reduce NOx emissions. It was determined that installation of post-combustion environmental controls at the facility was both cost prohibitive and technically challenging, and would require a fundamental reconfiguration of the facility. Based on this economic analysis, the ultra-low emission combustion system conversion package was selected as the best cost-benefit solution. This technical paper will focus on the ultra low emissions technology and key features employed to achieve these low emissions, a description of the design challenges and solution to those, a summary of the customer considerations in down selecting options and an overview of the conversion scope. Finally, a technical discussion of the low emissions operational flexibility will be provided including performance results of the converted units.

THE CHANCES FOR REDUCTION OF VIBRATIONS IN MECHANICAL SYSTEM WITH LOW-EMISSION SHIPS COMBUSTION ENGINES

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 (A4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Grega ◽  
J Homišin ◽  
M Puškár ◽  
J Kul’ka ◽  
J Petróci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical System ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions ◽  
Engine Power

Development of diesel engines is focused on reduction of exhaust gas emissions, increase of efficiency of the fuel mixture combustion and decrease of fuel consumption. Such engines are referred to as low-emission engines. Low- engines trends bring higher engine power outputs, torques and also increase of vibrations and noisiness level. In order to reduce these vibrations of diesel engines, it is necessary to apply different dynamical elements, which are able to increase an adverse impact of exciting amplitudes. One of the results is application of a pneumatic dual-mass flywheel. The pneumatic dual-mass flywheel is a dynamical element that consists of two masses (the primary and the secondary mass), which are jointed together by means of a flexible interconnection. This kind of the flywheel solution enables to change resonance areas of the mechanical system which consequently leads to reduction of vibrations.

Fuel Composition Effects on Forced Ignition of Liquid Fuel Sprays

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Wei ◽  
Brandon Sforzo ◽  
Jerry Seitzman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Ignition Probability ◽  
Fuel Sprays

In gas turbine combustors, ignition is achieved by using sparks from igniters to start a flame. The process of sparks interacting with fuel/air mixture and creating self-sustained flames is termed forced ignition. Physical and chemical properties of a liquid fuel can influence forced ignition. The physical effects manifest through processes such as droplet atomization, spray distribution, and vaporization rate. The chemical effects impact reaction rates and heat release. This study focuses on the effect of fuel composition on forced ignition of fuel sprays in a well-controlled flow with a commercial style igniter. A facility previously used to examine prevaporized, premixed liquid fuel-air mixtures is modified and employed to study forced ignition of liquid fuel sprays. In our experiments, a wall-mounted, high energy, recessed cavity discharge igniter operating at 15 Hz with average spark energy of 1.25 J is used to ignite liquid fuel spray produced by a pressure atomizer located in a uniform air coflow. The successful outcome of each ignition events is characterized by the (continued) presence of chemiluminescence 2 ms after spark discharge, as detected by a high-speed camera. The ignition probability is defined as the fraction of successful sparks at a fixed condition, with the number of events evaluated for each fuel typically in the range 600–1200. Ten fuels were tested, including standard distillate jet fuels (e.g., JP-8 and Jet-A), as well as many distillate and alternative fuel blends, technical grade n-dodecane, and surrogates composed of a small number of components. During the experiments, the air temperature is controlled at 27 C and the fuel temperature is controlled at 21 C. Experiments are conducted at a global equivalence ratio of 0.55. Results show that ignition probabilities correlate strongly to liquid fuel viscosity (presumably through droplet atomization) and vapor pressure (or recovery temperature), as smaller droplets of a more volatile fuel would lead to increased vaporization rates. This allows the kernel to transition to a self-sustained flame before entrainment reduces its temperature to a point where chemical rates are too slow. Chemical properties of the fuel showed little influence, except when the fuels had similar physical properties. This result demonstrates that physical properties of liquid fuels have dominating effects on forced ignition of liquid fuel spray in coflow air.

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